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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Difference between integral and peripheral membrane proteins?
Which lipids are in the outer layer? Inner layer? What enzymes are needed to move vertically? |
integral - span membrane, hard to remove
peripheral - attached to membrane via other A-'s, more easily removed Outer - P-choline, sphingomyelin, glycolipids Inner - P-ethanolamine, P-serine flipase, scramblase |
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Apoptosis is induced by movement of what?
Lipid raft microdomains include what lipids? What is special about lipid rafts? What are caveolae? |
P-serine to outside
GP-inositol, TM1 enriched in cholesterol, S-lipids, g-sides; detergent *INSOLUBLE*, cell signaling, abnormal processing of proteins (Alzheimer's - B-amyloids) Flask-shaped areas similar to rafts |
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Three major classes of membrane lipids? Examples?
Sphingosine is made of what 2 parts? |
Phospholipids - P-serine, choline, ethanolamine, inositol
S-lipids, G-lipids - S-myelin, cerebroside, ceramide, ganglioside Cholesterol serine + palmitate |
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What type of membrane lipid does the cholera toxin attach to?
What is unique about cholesterol binding to lipids? |
ganglioside - GM1-rich domains
no covalent binding - only electrostatic binding of -OH on cholesterol to polar head groups |
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Process - Glycerol to phosphatidic acid:
Glucose to G3P? |
Gly - (Gly kinase) --> G3P
G3P - (2 acyl groups) --> P-acid Glu - (dihydroxyacetone-P) --> G3P |
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How is production of P-choline and P-ethanolamine different from P-inositol and cardiolipin?
What degrades PL's? Where? |
Phosphatidic acid 1st, but P-C and P-E involves phosphatase 1st --> DAG, then takes DAG + CDP-headgroup --> PL
P-I, cardiolipin - P-A reacts with CTP --> CDP-DAG phospholipases - in plasma membrane, lysosomes |
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PL degradation is important in what process?
Which enzyme in particular? Sphingolipids and Glyco-SL's are important in what organ system? Why? |
Inflammatory response - AA's, LT's, PG's
PL A2 CNS - intercellar communication ABO group determination viral/bacterial receptor (HIV, anthrax) myelin sheath formation |
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Process of ceramide biosynthesis?
Why is ceramide important? |
Palmitoyl CoA --> (pyridoxal phosphate, PLP) --> dehydrosphinganine
--> reduced --> dehydrosphingosine (NADPH) --> oxidized --> sphingosine (FAD) --> transacylated --> ceramide Can synthesize glycolipids from it |
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defect in hexosaminidase A; mental retardation, blindness:
Defect in lysosomal a-galactosidase; proteinuria, renal failure, MI, stroke: defect in lysosomal glucocerebrosidase, hepatomegaly, neural changes: |
Tay-Sach's
Krabbe's Gaucher's |
