Neuro Limbic System Burrell 4/23/10 Ssom

Front 1

Limbic System
(location)

Back 1

structures in medial cerebral hemisphere that border or wrap around corpus callosum
(limbus = rim or border)

Front 2

Limbic System
(5 main behaviors participated in)

Back 2

M2OVE:
Motivation
Memory
Olfaction
Visceral functions
Emotion

Front 3

Limbic System
Role in Motivation

Back 3

the initiation of behaviors to satisfy a basic drive (food, water, reproduction)

Front 4

Limbic System
Role in Memory: _ _ _

Back 4

covering the:
formation
storage and
retrieval
of memories

Front 5

Limbic System
Visceral functions

Back 5

generation of autonomic and neuroendocrine functions that are appropriate for a given emotional response
(ex. increased cardio-respiratory activity in conjunction with fear)

Front 6

Limbic System
Emotion

Back 6

subjective feeling
ex. fear, anger, happiness, etc.

Front 7

Limbic System
Function
(interfaces _ and _ with _ and _
acts to match _ with _ and/or _)

Back 7

interface internal drives and emotional states with
decision-making and cognitive function

acts to match appropriate visceral (autonomic) responses with
behavioral and/or conscious emotional response

Front 8

Limbic System
Examples of function

Back 8

encounter fearful stimulus > cognitive processes recognize stimulus is threatening > but limbic system matches appropriate visceral response to that fear (Increased HR & breathing, pupil dilation, sweating)

matches internal or motivation state like hunger to appropriate behavior, like going to store to buy food (as opposed to inappropriate response like stealing food)

Front 9

Damaged limbic system can result in inability to _

Back 9

inability to match stimulus with an appropriate response at either the cognitive or autonomic level

Front 10

Limbic System
(major components)

Back 10

cingulate gyrus
hippocampus
amygdala
hypothalamus
mammillary bodies (part of hypothalamus)
anterior thalamic nuclei
fornix
septal nucleus
(olfactory bulb and orbital and medial prefrontal cortex are also linked to limbic system)

Front 11

Limbic System
Major Pathways
(name)

Back 11

Fornix
Mammillothalamic tract
Stria terminalis
Stria medullaris
Medial forebrain bundle
Cingulum

Front 12

Fornix
(shape)

Back 12

C-shaped structure

Front 13

Fornix
4 Pathways

Back 13

hippocampus to mammillary bodies (its primary target)
hippocampus to septal nucleus (reciprocal pathway)
hippocampus to anterior thalamic nucleus
also contains hippocampal commissure that allows fibers from one side of hippocampus to reach contralateral hippocampus
(MASH)

Front 14

Mammillothalamic tract
(connects _ to _)

Back 14

*mammillary bodies to anterior thalamic nuclei*

Front 15

Stria terminalis
( _ to _ and _

Back 15

amygdala to
septal nucleus and hypothalamus

Front 16

Stria medullaris
( _ to _ )

Back 16

septal area to
habenula (an area adjacent to thalamus)

Front 17

Medial forebrain bundle
(connects _ _ _ to _ in _ _ )

Back 17

septal area
hypothalamus
amygdala
to
autonomic nuclei in
brain stem and
spinal cord

Front 18

Cingulum
(location,
interconnects regions of _ _ _,
in particular it links _ to _ via _)

Back 18

in cingulate gyrus
interconnects regions of orbital, frontal, parietal cortices
links cingulate cortex to
hippocampus via
entorhinal cortex

Front 19

Papez circuit
(hypothesis by Papez)

Back 19

Since emotion has both unconscious (autonomic) and conscious (somatic) components, Papez hypothesized that there is an interaction between them

Front 20

Papez circuit
(the two "ends" of the circuit,
overall circuit)

Back 20

hypothalamus - integrates many autonomic functions and required for expression of emotions
cingulate gyrus - necessary for emotional experience

cingulate gyrus > hippocampus > mammillary body of hypothalamus > anterior thalamic nuclei > cingulate cortex

Front 21

Hippocampal formation
(located in which lobe, in coronal section has _ shape that expands along _)

Back 21

located in temporal lobe and has complex, multi-folded structure
C-shape that expands along floor of temporal horn of the lateral ventricle

Front 22

Hippocampal formation
(major regions)

Back 22

hippocampus (CA1, CA2, CA3)
dentate gyrus (bulge from the formation that protrudes into lateral ventricle and has tooth-like appearance from a sagittal view)
subiculum
entorhinal cortex
fimbria

Front 23

dentate gyrus one of two regions of brain that carries out _

Back 23

adult neurogenesis
(other is subventricular zone)

Front 24

Hippocampus
(2 major pathways that enter and leave)

Back 24

fimbria:
extends along medial border of hippocampus and then enters fornix
reciprocal pathway = hippocampus receives cholinergic input from the septal via the fornix and input from contralat hippocampus via commissural fibers

second pathway is via entorhinal cortex:
route taken by processes to and from the association cortex

Front 25

Hippocampus
(critically involved in formation of _
thus has strong connections with _)

Back 25

formation of certain types of memory
association cortices

Front 26

Hippocampus
Lesions result in _

Back 26

loss of ability to form new memories

Front 27

Hippocampus
(has neurons that are selectively specific _ and _ features such as head direction or position relative to visible landmarks ("place cells")

Back 27

spatial and orientation

Front 28

Hippocampus
(2 diseases it appears to be involved in)

Back 28

schizophrenia
depression

Front 29

Amygdala
(location)

Back 29

tip of temporal horn of lateral ventricle anterior and rostral to hippocampus

Front 30

Amygdala
(shape)

Back 30

almond, hence the name

Front 31

Amygdala
(primary output via _ which connects _ and _)

Back 31

via stria terminalis
amygdala to hypothalamus (and other structures)

Front 32

Amygdala
(role)

Back 32

emotional responses (emotional memory)
fear conditioning (in which subject learns about aversive stimuli)

Front 33

Amygdala
Bilateral lesions caused people to _

Back 33

become extremely docile
emotionally flat - rarely experienced emotions
Monkeys - complete removal of temporal lobes produced animals who showed no fear or anger and became completely docile also increased appetite and hypersexuality
(humans don't show all these symptoms)

Front 34

Other limbic components
Mammillary bodies
(associated with _ and _,
what syndrome has atrophy of mammillary bodies as pathologic feature)

Back 34

memory and head direction
Korsakoff's syndrome

Front 35

Korsakoff's syndrome
(deficiency in _,
common among _,
involves dysfunctions of _
pathologic feature)

Back 35

thiamine deficiency
alcoholics
memory dysfunction: retrograde and anterograde amnesia
atrophy of mammillary bodies and usually thalamus and cortex as well

Front 36

Other limbic components
Habenula
(associated with many behavioral functions including _ _ _ _
also thought to have _ functions

Back 36

pain, stress, learning, and
internal drives (food, drink, sex)
motor functions

Front 37

Other limbic components
Septal nucleus
(provides _ to hippocampus,
also involved in _ in the brain)

Back 37

cholinergic, modulatory inputs to hippocampus

pleasure or reward functions in the brain

Front 38

Other limbic components
Anterior thalamic nucleus
(relays info from _ to _)

Back 38

mammillary bodies to
cingulate gyrus

Front 39

Phineas Gage

Back 39

railroad accident - motor, skills, speech, and memory appeared unaffected but
personality seriously altered
Famous b/c contributed to idea that human behavior was controlled by specific regions of the brain
this case showed lesions of frontal lobe affect personality

**damaged anterior parts of orbitofrontal cortex (prefrontal cortex) and anterior cingulate gyrus**
areas that either part of or connect to limbic system
demonstrates that damage to limbic area can lead to deficits in rational decision making and emotional control

Front 40

S.M.

Back 40

bilateral damage of amygdala with
no detectable damage to hippocampal regions of temporal cortex
no obvious motor, sensory, learning, memory, or language deficits
However, diminished ability to recognize emotions on faces especially *fear*
Could draw all emotions but fear