Neuro Lecture Ii Diencephalon

Front 1

Diencephalon consists of

Back 1

Thalamus and Hypothalamus

Front 2

Forebrain consists of

Back 2

Diencephalon and Telencephalon

Front 3

Pineal gland aka

Back 3

Epithalamus

Front 4

Function of subthalamus

Back 4

Important for movement (general)

Front 5

Location of the Diencephalon?

Back 5

Rostral to the brainstem

Front 6

Boundaries of the Diencephalon?

Back 6

Roof - Body of Fornix
Anterior - Lamina terminalis (most anterior in embryo)
Inferior - Optic chiasm
Medial - 3rd Ventricle
Lateral - posterior limb of internal capsule

Front 7

Function of hypothalamic sulcus?

Back 7

Separates thalamus from hypothalamus

Front 8

Superior + Inferior Colliculi part of which brain structure?

Back 8

Tectum of Midbrain

Front 9

Function of Massa Intermedia?

Back 9

Connects the R and L Thalamus in 2/3 population

Front 10

3rd Ventricle separates what?

Back 10

Diencephalon

Front 11

Most important structure of the Epithalamus?

Back 11

Pineal gland

Front 12

Pineal gland (General)

Back 12

Located on the roof of the 3rd ventricle, near the posterior commisure, secretes pinealocytes, functions on sleep and wake cycles, moving, feeding and drinking

Front 13

Pinocytes secrete:

Back 13

Melatonin, secretion is controlled via light input from the retina

Front 14

Tumor in the pineal gland?

Back 14

alteration of puberty onset (early)

Front 15

Subthalamus (general)

Back 15

Located rostral to midbrain, contains the subthalamic nucleus, crucial in the relay of the basal nuncleus

Front 16

Basal Ganglia

Back 16

Organizes all motor movement

Front 17

Thalamus (general)

Back 17

separated by the third ventricle, hardline to the cerebral cortex via thalamic radiations

Front 18

Specific connection of the thalamus to the cerebral cortex?

Back 18

lateral thalamus to the internal capsule of the cerebral cortex

Front 19

It puts the lotion

Back 19

in the basket

Front 20

Thalamus also serves as a relay center to?

Back 20

cerebellum and basal ganglia

Front 21

Divider of the thalamus

Back 21

band of white matter called internal medullary lamina

Front 22

Anterior pole of the anterior medullary lamina creates?

Back 22

anterior nuclear group (remainder is called internal medullary lamina)

Front 23

Medial nuclear group?

Back 23

Consists of medial and dorsal groups

Front 24

Lateral nuclear group?

Back 24

Lateral and ventral groups

Front 25

Lateral nuclear group consists of?

Back 25

VPM, VPL, VA, and VL

Front 26

What is contained within the internal medullary lamina?

Back 26

centromedian nucleus

Front 27

Anatomical regions of the thalamus divided by the internal medullary lamina?

Back 27

dorsomedial, anterior, ventral lateral

Front 28

posterior region of the thalamus contains?

Back 28

pulvinar lateral and medial geniculate bodies

Front 29

Reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN)

Back 29

surrounds the thalamus and functions to inhibit other nuclei within the thalamus by releasing GABA

Front 30

Anterior nucleus facts:

Back 30

I - limbic system (hippocampus + amygdalla
O - Cingulate gyrus (dorsal to CC)
F - emotion and ST memory

Front 31

Ventral anterior (VA)

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I - cerebellum and basal ganglia
O - motor cortex
F - muscle control

Front 32

Ventral lateral (VL)

Back 32

I - cerebellum and basal ganglia
O - motor cortex
F - motor control

Front 33

Ventral posterior lateral (VPL)

Back 33

I - medial limbicus (fine touch vibration) + lateral spinothalamic tract (pain temp)
O - postcentral gyrus + somatosensory cortex
F - Sensation to non-facial areas

Front 34

Ventral posterior medial (VPM)

Back 34

I - medial limbicus, dorsal trigeminal, ventral trigeminal, ventral trigeminal and mesnthalamic tract
O - somatosensory cortex
F - somatosensation to facial areas

Front 35

Pulvinar

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I - superior calliculus
O - parietal lobe
F - visual reflex and association

Front 36

Lateral geniculate body (LGB)

Back 36

I - optic tract
O - occipital lobe
F - vision

Front 37

Medial geniculate body (MGB)

Back 37

I - inferior calliculus
O - temporal lobe
F - hearing

Front 38

DMN

Back 38

I - limbic system + frontal lobe
O - frontal lobe
F - personality and executive functions

Front 39

Reticular nucleus

Back 39

I - thalamus + cerebral cortex
O - thalamus
F - thalamic inhibition

Front 40

Describe a Thalamocortical circut:

Back 40

It is a projection from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex. It is topological (nearby points in the thalamus project to nearby points in the CC). It is excited by Glutamate

Front 41

How is Thalamocortical circuit inhibited?

Back 41

RTN (reticular thalamic nucleus) it releases GABA to inhibit feedback loop. Turns off sensory input (feeling of socks)

Front 42

Functions of the Thalamus:

Back 42

Gatekeeper for the cerebral cortex, it helps integrate and relay sensory information from many systems to the CC. All sensory information, except olefaction, use this pathway.

Front 43

"How to" lobotomy?

Back 43

Sever the axons that connect the Dorsal medial nucleus (DMN) to the frontal lobe

Front 44

Specific functions of the Thalamus?

Back 44

Involved with certain reflexes and in regulating states of consciousness and is perception and interpretation of pain.