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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vascular causes of Broca's/Wernicke's
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Broca's: lesion of the superior division of the MCA (frontal lobe); Wernicke's: lesion of the inferior division of the MCA (temporal lobe).
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Wallenberg Syndrome
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Occlusion of the Vertebral/PICA impacts the medulla. Leads to loss of pain/temp on ipsilateral face (CNV) and contralateral body (spinothalamic tract)
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Lesion of the vestibular nucleus
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Nystagmus
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Lesion of the nucleus ambiguous
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Ipsilateral paralysis of the soft palate, pharynx, larynx
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Gross changes in infarction
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Well-differentiated area of discoloration w/in 48 hrs; maximal swelling from edema in 3-4 days; liquefactive necrosis w/in 14 days; cystic spaces w/in 3 weeks.
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Histological changes in infarction
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Polys appear w/in 24 hrs, disappear w/in 48 hrs; macs w/in 3 days; hyperplastic blood vessels w/in 7 days; cavitary areas w/in 2 weeks; gliovascular strands w/in 3 months.
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CADASIL
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Cerebral AD Arteriopathy w/ Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy. Chromosome 19 mutation. Multiple infarcts in pts w/out HTN at an early age. Concentric hyaline thickening of sm/med arteries. Pas positive material.
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Ganglionic hemorrhages are due to what?
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HTN
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Lobar hemorrhages are due to what?
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Cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Rupture of vessels with amyloid deposition.
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Pinpoint pupils are seen in which kind of stroke?
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Hemorrhagic, due to pontine hemorrhage (HTN)
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Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysm
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Small vessels are weakened in HTN- can rupture and form a microaneurysm.
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Most common tumor to cause intratumoral hemorrhage
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Metastatic lung carcinoma
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Most common locations for ruptured/unruptured saccular aneurysms
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Ruptured: anterior communicating artery; unruptured: bifurcation of MCA.
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What is normal cerebral blood flow? What is the necessary range of the MAP to ensure autoregulation of cerebral blood flow?
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Cerebral blood flow=50-60 mL/min/100 gm. MAP must be between 45-170. Below or above that will cause global ischemia.
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Three most sensitive areas to hypoxia
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1-CA1 are of hippocampus; 2-Purkinje cells of the cerebellum; 3=Layers III, V, and VI of the cerebral cortex
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