Neuro Lecture 21

Front 1

Associated with neural tube defects

Back 1

Valproic acid

Front 2

Phenytoin: mechanism of action

Back 2

Membrane stabilizer: use-dependent inactivation of Na+ channels

Front 3

Fosphenytoin

Back 3

IV; converted to Phenytoin in the body

Front 4

Drug with zero-order kinetics and what that means

Back 4

Phenytoin: dose vs. serum amount is not linear. Shoots up at therapeutic range. Easy to OD.

Front 5

AEs of Fosphenytoin

Back 5

Bradycardia, hypotension.

Front 6

Nystagmus is seen at therapeutic levels in which drug?

Back 6

Phenytoin

Front 7

Dose-dependent AEs of Phenytoin

Back 7

Sedation, ataxia, nausea, vomiting

Front 8

Chronic use AEs of Phenytoin

Back 8

Gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism

Front 9

Mechanism of action of Carbamazepine

Back 9

Membrane stabilizer: use-dependent inactivation of Na+ channels

Front 10

Route of elimination of Carbamazepine

Back 10

Autoinduction of hepatic enzymes. Blood levels will drop within the first month of use, so dose will need to be increased.

Front 11

Autoinduction

Back 11

Carbamazepine

Front 12

Chronic AEs of Carbamazepine

Back 12

SIADH

Front 13

Idiosyncratic AEs of Carbamazepine

Back 13

Agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, hepatic failure, allergic skin rash

Front 14

Barbituates: names

Back 14

Phenobarbital, Primidone

Front 15

Mechanism of action of Barbituates

Back 15

Augments GABA

Front 16

Mechanism of action of valproic acid

Back 16

Augments GABA. Also suppresses Ca T-channel currents, so can be used to treat absence seizures.

Front 17

Dose-dependent AEs of valproic acid

Back 17

Nausea, tremor

Front 18

Idiosyncratic AEs of valproic acid

Back 18

Alopecia, hepatic failure in very young children, neural tube defects.

Front 19

Enzyme inducers (reduce the levels of other meds)

Back 19

Phenytoin, Barbituates, Carbamazepine

Front 20

Enzyme inhibitors (increase the levels of other meds)

Back 20

Valproic acid

Front 21

Benzodiazepines: names

Back 21

Clonazepam, Diazepam, Lorazepam

Front 22

Clonazepam: use

Back 22

Oral only. Used for myoclonic seizures.

Front 23

Diazepam: use

Back 23

IV, for status epilepticus

Front 24

Lorazepam: use

Back 24

IV, for status epilepticus

Front 25

Mechanism of action of Benzodiazepines

Back 25

Augments GABA

Front 26

Drug of choice for absence seizures

Back 26

Ethosuximide

Front 27

Mechanism of action of Ethosuximide

Back 27

Blocks Ca T-channels. Inhibits the thalamocortical circuit underlying the 3/sec rhythm.

Front 28

Drug that is excreted unchanged by the kidneys

Back 28

Gabapentin

Front 29

Dose-dependent AEs of Lamotrigine

Back 29

Sedation, ataxia, nausea, RASH (especially when given too much too quickly)

Front 30

Used for migraine prophylaxis

Back 30

Topiramate

Front 31

AEs of Topiramate

Back 31

Cognitive impairment, non-ion-gap metabolic acidosis, kidney stones

Front 32

Mechanism of action of Tiagabine

Back 32

Selective inhibitor of GABA reuptake

Front 33

Uses of Levetiracetam

Back 33

status epilepticus (IV)

Front 34

Drug interactions of Levetiracetam

Back 34

NONE

Front 35

New drug that can be used as a monotherapy

Back 35

Zonisamide

Front 36

Dose-dependent AEs of Zonisamide

Back 36

Weight loss, kidney stones, cognitive impairment, metabolic acidosis

Front 37

Uptake of Oxcarbazepine

Back 37

Rapid and complete absorption. Cytosolic metabolism to active 10-monohydroxy metabolite. No epoxide formation-->lesser incidence of skin rash and blood dyscrasias.

Front 38

Indications for Pregabalin

Back 38

Post-herpetic neuralgia, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, fibromyalgia.

Front 39

Side effects of Lacosamide

Back 39

Syncope; beware of use in cardiac patients.