Neuro: Intro To Human Nervous System

Front 1

injury to the area between the cerebral hemispheres and the spinal cord would damange what main structure?

Back 1

brainstem

Front 2

a stroke in the temporal lobe would cause what impairment?

Back 2

loss of memory and audition

Front 3

a patient is diagnosed with a personality disorder. where is the most damage most likely located? what other impairments might you expect?

Back 3

frontal lobe; motor problems

Front 4

a stroke in the right frontal lobe would result in what impairment?

Back 4

loss of motor on the left side of the body.

Front 5

a patient has problem with vision after an accident. where did the damage most likely occur?

Back 5

occipital lobe/visual cortex

Front 6

damage to what structure would cause a problem in the processing of all sensory information before reaching the cortex?

Back 6

thalamus

Front 7

what is the importance of the dendritic spines?

Back 7

"site of action"
site of synapsis for all incoming, presynaptic inputs;
increases SA

Front 8

whats the difference b/w upper and lower motor neurons?

Back 8

upper: in motor cortex of brain; axons travel down spinal cord and synapse with lower motor neurons. axons of lower motor neurons travel to target and synapse on mm.

Front 9

most neurons are of what type?

Back 9

95% are interneurons: integrate information

Front 10

why are sensory neurons called pseudounipolar?

Back 10

they have 1 process off the cell body that splits into 2: one carries info from target to cell body; other carries info from cell body to brain

Front 11

what is the "honda H"?

Back 11

gray matter in the spinal cord composed of cell bodies; white matter surrounding it is composed of myelinated axons (glia)

Front 12

how do sensory neurons enter and motor neurons leave the spinal cord?

Back 12

(dorsal)ventral rootlets to root-> spinal nerve-> target mm

Front 13

what occurs at the n/m jxn?

Back 13

motor neurons rel ACh onto cholinergic nicotinic receptors that are clustered around the motor end plate

Front 14

how do sensory neurons communicate with motor neurons in the spinal cord?

Back 14

sensory neurons synapse on interneurons which then synapse on motor neurons

Front 15

what are the types of interneurons?

Back 15

projection and local
local remain within a given tissue
projection can project farther (ex: from spinal cord to thalamus)

Front 16

what would happen if you cut the motor neuron involved in a n/m jxn and why?

Back 16

the nicotinic receptors would disperse from the n/m jxn because the motor neuron was releasing something to keep them there

Front 17

what type of information do the dendritic spines receive and convey?

Back 17

they receive local potentials (excitatory post-synpatic potential, IPSP)
if EPSP>IPSP then they trigger the cell body to send an action potential

Front 18

what are the glial cells of the CNS?

Back 18

astrocytes
oligodendrocyctes
microglial cells

Front 19

fxn of astrocytes?

Back 19

maintain homeostasis of neurons (ex: if incr ECF K+, the neurons would depolarize!)
major source of GF

Front 20

fxn of oligodendrocytes?

Back 20

myelination

Front 21

fxn microglial cells

Back 21

immune-like cells
can be activated to rel cytokines
involved in inflammation and fighting infection

Front 22

what are the glial cells of the PNS and what are their fxns?

Back 22

Schwann cells-myelination; also provide GF support for neurons (there are myelinating and non myelinating schwann cells)
satellite cells-next to cell bodies; ensheath cell bodies and provide nutrients