Neuro I_Wk1_Histo_Nervous System

Front 1

formation of neural tube is aka?

Back 1

Neurulation

Front 2

what molecule is responsible for primary neurulation?

Back 2

BMP4 gets Ibx by molecules made by notochord which allow Ectoderm (of neural plate) to diff into Neural Tube
--ie, neural tissue is default state for this part of echo (in absence of BMP4)

Front 3

Which cells form the PNS neurons and neuroglia?

Back 3

Neural Crest Cells

Front 4

What do Neuroblasts form? from where do they come?

Back 4

Form CNS neurons and neuroglia

Neuroblasts from Embryonic Neuroectoderm

Front 5

Tho notocord stims formation of axial trunk, what stims formation of anterior head

Back 5

Precordal Plate:

is the head organizer

Front 6

In secondary neurulation (at caudal eminence: caudal devo of neural tube), what are malformations termed?

Back 6

Myelodysplasias
--can vary in severity, i.e. tail or nubbin or patch of hair, coccygeal pits

Front 7

What causes tethered cord syndrome.

What primary or secondary neurulation prob?

Back 7

Filum Terminale and Condus Medularis abnormally attached to defective vetebral column

-2nd Neurolation Prob.

Front 8

Once neural tube is formed, what are 2 groupings of neural cell lineages that emerge from the Neuroepithelium (bipotential progenitor) of the neural tube?

Back 8

1. Neural Lineage Progenitor Cell
2. Glial Lineage Progenitor Cell

Front 9

Where and what are these bipotential neuroepithelium cells called

Back 9

Ventricular Zone Progenitor Cells
(aka germinal or ventricular cell)
--either outside of spinal canal or ventricle--i think

Front 10

These Progenitor cells can diff to cells that remain and line the neural tube/canal are what?

Back 10

Ependymal
--Stay in the Ventricular Zone (zone 1)--innermost zone of neural tube

--Note: while Ependymal Cells remain/mature here, it is in the Ventricular Zone that all NS cells pro generate from

Front 11

What are the 3 major Zones of the Neural Tube?

Back 11

1. Ventricular ZOne
2. Intermediate Zone
3. Cortical Plate (mantle)

Front 12

What does Zone 3/Cortical Plate become?

Back 12

Grey matter
--differentiated neuron cell bodies migrate out from intermediate zone
---become CELL BODIES for the GLIA

Front 13

What is outside of the Cortical Plate/Mantle/Gray Matter

Back 13

White Matter
--supporting cells on axons, which stem from the Cortical Zone/Gray Matter

Front 14

After devo, what lies within the Marginal Zone? Where is it?

Back 14

Marginal ZOne is laterally adj to the Cortical Plate/Grey Matter (intermediate zone 2 now mostly gone)
--COntain Myelinated/Unmyelinated Neuronal Cell Processes (Axons

Front 15

Why are neurons esp labile to ischemia?

Back 15

Do NOT store Glycogen
- no good reserve of E

Front 16

aka for RER in cytoplasm?

Back 16

Nissl Bodies
--dark staining

Front 17

What are 2 ways to speed up neuronal conduction?

Back 17

Myelinate OR
Make Bigger--diameter

Front 18

Which of the 3 types of neuron Str. are used in Specialized Senses like smell and sight?

Back 18

Bi-Polar

Front 19

Which of the 3 types of neuron Str. are sensory in Central & Peripheral and processes

Back 19

Unipolar

Front 20

Which of the 3 types of neuron Str. are Motor and Interneurons?

Back 20

Multi-Polar

Front 21

Note on Support Cells:

Back 21

1 schwan cell wraps one segment in PNS

1 Oligodendrocyte covers MORE than one segment in CNS = bad if 1 oligo is jacked up

Front 22

What are 2 directions of axonal transport?

Back 22

Anterograde (building)
Retrograde (recycling)

Front 23

What are 2 apps speeds for Anterograde?

Back 23

Rapid--400mm/day (NTs
Slow--1-3mm/day--(actin, tubulin, etc)

-req Kinesins to walk molecules + ATP

Front 24

What is rate for Retrograde?

Back 24

1/2 that of Fast Anterograde
= 1/2 x 400mm/day
=200mm/day

Front 25

What is req for retrograde mvmt?

Back 25

Dynein

Front 26

What are the 2 commonest NS (nervous system) stains?

Back 26

Cresyl Violet
Luxul Fast Blue

Front 27

What is Cresyl Violet best for?

Back 27

Basic--stains RNA = picks up Nissl Bodies

Front 28

What is Luxul Fast Blue good for?

Back 28

Nerve Tracts in the CNS

Front 29

Moving on to??

Back 29

Glial Lineage Cells

Front 30

Which Glial Cell (GC) type is most important for neuronal migration in embryogen?

Back 30

Astrocytes

Front 31

What is Str of Astrocytes?

Back 31

Highly Branching
--send out projections that end as End-Feet on the neuron (cell bodies and dendrites) to cover it

Front 32

What else do the End-Feet of Astrocytes cover?

Back 32

Inner Surface of Pia Mater +
Every Blood Vessel of CNS

Front 33

What is the Glia Limitans?

Back 33

Joined End-Feet Process covering the Pia Mater

Front 34

What is specific protein for Astrocytes

Back 34

Glial Fribrilar Acidic Protein

Front 35

List 3 of the most impt functions of Astrocytes:

Back 35

1.Reg Interstitial Fluid Composition--ie K+ Balance
2. NT metabolism
3. End Feet interact with Vascular Endothel to make BBB

Front 36

What are 2 types of astrocytes?

Back 36

Protoplasmic (gray matter) and Fibrous (white)
--same job, diff appearance

Front 37

Str of CNS Vascular Endothelium?

Back 37

Unfenestrated Capilaries joined by Tight Junctions
with Pericytes adj---(
--may have macrophage and AnPresCell Fxn)
--contacted by astrocytes End-Feet

Front 38

What are main components of BBB

Back 38

Tight Junctions

--but water, lipid solubles and gasses can cross

Front 39

While Astrocytes are the busiest, what are the most numerous Glial Cells?
Where found?
Morphology?

Back 39

Oligodendrocytes
--found in gray and white matter
--small dark nucleus

Front 40

What makes choroid plexus? What does choroid P. do?

Back 40

Ependymal Cells
--makes CSF

--Only place in CNS where Caps are FEnestrated w/OUT Tight Jxns to let stuff out --> Choroid Cells--then Pumps on Lumenal side (ventricle lumen) to make CSF