Neuro Grab Bag

Front 1

posterior location of a HA means it is probably

Back 1

secondary

Front 2

most common headache

Back 2

tension

Front 3

episodic migraine

Back 3

less than 15 days/month of HA

Front 4

frequent episodic migraine

Back 4

greater than 15 days/month but not daily

Front 5

chronification of migraine

Back 5

daily

Front 6

Where to intervene in the trigeminal theory of migraine

Back 6

trigenimal nucleus caudalis

Front 7

type of receptors in trigeminal nucleus caudalis

Back 7

serotonin B and D

Front 8

what would normally be a non-noxious stimulation to the skin is percieved at painful

Back 8

cutaneous allodenia

Front 9

length of the spinal cord

Back 9

45 cm

Front 10

stroke of posterior spinal arteries

Back 10

lose vib/proprio in ipsilateral

Front 11

dermatome posterior head and neck

Back 11

C2-3

Front 12

dermatome for respiratory failure

Back 12

c4

Front 13

dermatome adjecent and supply upper thorax

Back 13

c4-t2

Front 14

dermatome of umbilicus

Back 14

t10

Front 15

dermatome of proximal arm: deltoid and bicep area

Back 15

c5

Front 16

dermatome of thumb

Back 16

c6

Front 17

dermatome of index and middle ring

Back 17

c7

Front 18

dermatome of little finger

Back 18

c8

Front 19

dermatome of anterior inner upper thigh

Back 19

L1

Front 20

dermatome of anterior upper thigh

Back 20

L2

Front 21

dermatome of knee

Back 21

L3

Front 22

dermatome of toes and lateral ankle

Back 22

S1

Front 23

dermatome of anus

Back 23

S3/C1

Front 24

compressive myelopathy early vs. late

Back 24

early - upper motor neurons
late- lower motor neurons with sphincter dysfunction

Front 25

intra-medullary myelopathies

Back 25

compressive
ependymoma
MS
syringomyelia

Front 26

most common sites of MS in spinal cord

Back 26

cervical then thoracic

Front 27

ependymomas can create

Back 27

syrinx with paresis and no pain

Front 28

most common site for syrinx
most common cause

Back 28

cervical cord
trauma

Front 29

Cape like syndrome

Back 29

syringomyelia
bilateral loss of pain and temp of crossing STT fibers

Front 30

Extramedullary myelopathies

Back 30

compressive (nerve roots)
cervical spondylosis
schwannoma

Front 31

nerve root compression early vs. late

Back 31

late-UMN
LMN more prominant
early-sphincter dysfunction with caudal lesion

Front 32

cervical spondylosis

Back 32

narrowing of spinal canal

Front 33

non-compressive myelopathy

Back 33

B12
AIDS
Freidrich's ataxia

Front 34

Radiculopathy

Back 34

compression of nerve roots

Front 35

lesion involving dorsal or ventral roots

Back 35

radiculopathy

Front 36

Radiculopathy
pain?
reflex?
atrophy?
sensory loss?
bowel/bladder?

Back 36

pain
no reflex
atrophy bc LMN
dermatomal sensory loss
bowel/bladder dysfxn if involvement of lwoer sacral roots

Front 37

herniated disc is a type of

Back 37

radiculopathy

Front 38

Remain unaffected in central cord injury

Back 38

proprioreception

Front 39

Brown Sequard

Back 39

cord hemisection - gunshot
ipsilateral vibration and proprioreception
bilateral pain and temperature
ipsilateral UMN
ipsilateral LMN

Front 40

Anterior Cord Syndrome

Back 40

CST, STT and anterior horns affected but dorsal columns are not
paralysis bilaterally below level of lesion
loss of pain/temp below level
preserved vibration/proprio
Anterior spinal artery lesion (Adamkiewicz)

Front 41

Anterior spinal artery is most fragile in the

Back 41

thoracic region

Front 42

Conus v. Cauda equina lesion

Back 42

cauda -more pain in cauda with less bowel/bladder dysfunction
conus-more motor and bowel problems, less pain

Front 43

conus vs. CE lesion
motor

Back 43

conus symmetric
ce asymmetric

Front 44

conus vs. CE lesion
sensory

Back 44

both saddle

Front 45

conus vs. CE lesion
pain

Back 45

conus pain uncommon
ce pain

Front 46

conus vs. CE lesion
reflexes

Back 46

conus increased
ce decreased

Front 47

conus vs. CE lesion
bowel/bladder

Back 47

conus common
ce uncommon

Front 48

Affected in ALS

Back 48

Anterior horn cell
CST

Front 49

Affected in spinal muscle atrophy

Back 49

anterior horn cells
LMN dysfxn

Front 50

EEG feature in common with both epilepsy and coma

Back 50

increased amplitude

Front 51

epilepsy stiffening and jerking area

Back 51

motor strip

Front 52

epilepsy funny sensations

Back 52

primary smatosensory cortex

Front 53

epilepsy simple visual hallucinations

Back 53

occipital pole

Front 54

more complex visual hallucinations

Back 54

visual association in parieto occipital areas

Front 55

purposcomplicated complicated hypermotor movement flailing flinging waving

Back 55

frontal/prefrental/motor planning

Front 56

epilepsy lipsmacking staring picking dystonia

Back 56

temporal lobe

Front 57

most common type of sz in adults

Back 57

temporal lobe sz

Front 58

most epileptogenic part of brain

Back 58

hippocampus

Front 59

mesial temporal sclerosis

Back 59

temporal lobe epilepsy
have gliosis and atrophy of the hippo

Front 60

classic temporal lobe seizure auras

Back 60

epigastric rising sensation, deja or jamais, foul smell, metallic taste

Front 61

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Back 61

child has myoclonic jerks while brushing teeth or dringing juice in morning
no loss of consciousness

Front 62

type of sz in mentally retarded and encephalopathies

Back 62

atonic

Front 63

primary sz

Back 63

children
easily controlled with meds

Front 64

Benign rolandic epilepsy

Back 64

primary partial epilepsy that is grown out of

Front 65

examples of primary generalized epilepsy

Back 65

childhood absence
juvenile myoclonic
idopathic generalized tonic-clonic
benign rolandic epilepsy

Front 66

primary epilepsy

Back 66

idiopathic, genetic

Front 67

secondary epilepsy

Back 67

symptomatic, cryptogenic

Front 68

type of epilepsy outgrown

Back 68

primary

Front 69

most adult epilepsies are

Back 69

secondary and partial

Front 70

most kid epilepsies are

Back 70

primary and gereral

Front 71

EEG is

Back 71

not sensitive but specific

Front 72

old seizure drugs

Back 72

phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate

Front 73

drug for partial onset sz

Back 73

carbamazepine

Front 74

most effective drug for primary generalized sz

Back 74

valproate

Front 75

great for migraine

Back 75

topiramate

Front 76

less sedating sz drug

Back 76

lamotrigine

Front 77

safest sz drug for pregnancy

Back 77

lamotrigine

Front 78

starting does is the treating dose in this sz drug

Back 78

levetiracetam (keppra)

Front 79

sz drug with no known drug interactions

Back 79

keppra

Front 80

IV form now available of this drug

Back 80

keppra

Front 81

very long half life QD dosing sz drug

Back 81

zonisamide

Front 82

less potent as add on than other sz drugs

Back 82

gabapentin

Front 83

enormous off label use for pain seizure drug

Back 83

gabapentin

Front 84

pulmonary artery pressures

Back 84

25/10 MAP of 12

Front 85

most important predictor of thromboembolism is

Back 85

pre-existing cardiopulmonary disease

Front 86

Calculation for O2 gradient

Back 86

PAo2=fio2(713)-(Pco2/.8)

Front 87

gold standard for pulmonary embolism

Back 87

pulmonary angiography

Front 88

Pulmonary htn is

Back 88

greater than 30/15 or a MAP above 20

Front 89

precapillary problems

Back 89

increased flow (L to R shunt)
primary pulmonary htn
pulmonary thromboembolic disease

Front 90

Pleuropulmonary problems

Back 90

emphysema
DID/airspase disease
alveolar hypoventilation

Front 91

Post capillary

Back 91

left ventricular failure
mitral valve disease
veno occlusive disease
mediastinal granulomas/neoplasms

Front 92

cor pulmonale

Back 92

right heart disease arising due to primary disease in the lung

Front 93

50% of av malformations are

Back 93

osler weber Rendu disease

Front 94

Complication of AV malformation

Back 94

paradoxical embolus in systemic circulation
hypoxemia
hemoptysis

Front 95

how to differentiate av malformation from pulmonar artery aneurysm

Back 95

aneurysm are proximal to the heart