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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sleep: Stage 1
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3-5 mins, low voltage, low frequency waves
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Sleep: Stage 2
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30 mins, low voltage, with "sleep spindles" - bursts
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Sleep: Stages 3, 4
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Delta waves; sleep spindles
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REM sleep
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Pre-motor & motor cortex work but brainstem stops sending signals to muscles; 'sleep paralysis'
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Symptom of Narcolepsy: Cataplexy
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Sudden loss of tone in major striated muscles
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Symptom of Narcolepsy and REM sleep: Sleep Paralysis
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Pre-motor & motor cortex work but brainstem stops sending signals to muscles
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Symptom of Narcolepsy: Hypnagogic Hallucinations
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REM sleep occuring instanteneously
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Cause of Narcolepsy
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Less hypocretin in hypothalamus, which controls appetite and sleep patterns
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Type of Insomnia: Sleep-onset
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Trouble falling asleep
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Type of Insomnia: Sleep-maintnence
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Waking up in middle of night
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Type of Insomnia: Terminal
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Waking up too early in morning
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Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists (BzRA), such as Xanax, Librium, Klonopin, and Valium
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Drugs for insomnia. Increases sleep, but decreases Stage 3/4 sleep, and can be abused
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Modafinil (Provigil)
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Drug for Narcolepsy
High doses raise dopamine Low doses raise serotonin Not likely to be abused |
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Cognitive Synesthesia
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Synesthesia based on categories
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Grapheme-color Synesthesia
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Cognitive synesthesia form
Alphanumeric characters are associated with colors |
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Number-form Synesthesia
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Cognitive synesthesia form
Number map |
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Oridnal lingusitic personification
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Cognitive synesthesia form
Ordered sequences have personalities |
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Synesthesia Proper
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Two senses connected
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Music-color Synesthesia
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Synesthesia Proper
Music + Visualness |
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Lexical-gustatory Synesthesia
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Synesthesia Proper
Words/phonemes stimulate taste sensations |
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Synesthesia may be caused by cross-wiring between the a]__________ and the b]__________, possibly due to a lack of c]_________.
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a] V4 color processing area, inside the fusiform gyrus
b] Number area c] Pruning |
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Synesthete diagnostic criteria
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1] involuntary but elicited
2] projected 3] percepts are durable and discrete 4] memorabale 5] emotional |
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This is what depressants do
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less activation of the nervous system; prevents action potentials form occurring;
neurotransmitters rush out while nothing comes in |
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Declarative memory
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Conscious recollection of facts or events
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Non-declarative memory
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Unconscious alteration of behavior by experience
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Episodic memory
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Type of declarative memory; events, occurences
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Semantic memory
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Type of declarative memory; memory for general world knowledge
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Procedural memory
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Type of NON-declarative memory; e.g. riding a bike
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Three parts of working memory
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phonological loop, visiospatial sketchpad, central executive
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Retrograde Amnesia
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Can't remember things from past
Memento |
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Anterograde Amnesia
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Can only remember things BEHIND a certain point
H.M. |
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Alzheimers is caused by...
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...clumps of fibers in the brain's gray matter.
...plaques deposited in blood vessles in and around brain: neurofibulary tangles. |
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Aproxias
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Affect brain's 'how to' system: non-declarative, procedural memories
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