Neuro- Ff 2

Front 1

Anorexia nervosa

Back 1

characterized by thinking she needs to lose more weight despite being very thin; amenorrhea; lanugo hair; and bradycardia

Front 2

Hyperthyroidism

Back 2

characterized by tachycardia, postural tremor, exophthalmos, heat intolerance, weight loss despite normal appetite, low TSH and elevated T3 and T4.

Front 3

Schizophrenia

Back 3

is a chronic serious condition characterized by emotional blunting, first rank symptoms, formal thought disorder and, early in the illness, hallucinations and delusions.

Front 4

Narcissistic personality disorder

Back 4

disorder is characterized by a multi-year history of overvaluing one’s abilities, being preoccupied with fantasies of success, becoming enraged when one doesn’t receive special treatment, feeling entitled to and having excessive desire for praise and attention, lacking empathy, being interpersonally exploitative and being haughty or arrogant.

Front 5

Bulimia nervosa

Back 5

is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain (e.g., misusing laxatives, enemas or diuretics, vomiting, fasting and exercising excessively); and excessive attention to body shape and weight.

Front 6

anorexia management and prognosis

Back 6

She is at risk for electrolyte abnormalities, arrhythmias and pneumonia. Ten to 20% of persons with anorexia nervosa die from it. She should be treated initially in a specialized inpatient eating disorders treatment unit. Her suicide risk is much higher than that of other 16-year-olds in the general population

Front 7

Obsessive compulsive disorder

Back 7

characterized by recurrent, intrusive, unwelcome thoughts that, early in the illness, the patient knows are absurd. In anorexia nervosa, the patient thinks her views about her weight and appearance are correct, not absurd.

Front 8

tuberculosis with calchexia

Back 8

, the patient has severe weight loss with weakness, fever with night sweats and, often, symptoms and signs (e.g., hemoptysis, enlarged cervical nodes) related to the site of the infection.

Front 9

Pulmonary carcinoma with brain metastasis

Back 9

metastasis is usually associated with cough or hemoptysis, weight loss, and symptoms and signs related to the site of the metastasis in the brain and extent of increased intracranial pressure, such as seizures, nausea, vomiting, headache, delirium, paralysis, numbness, hemianopia, ataxia and dyspraxias

Front 10

anorexia nervosa treatment

Back 10

Treatment by an experienced multidisciplinary team. Management by a single physician, be it a generalist or psychiatrist, is likely to be inadequate. SSRIs may be helpful but not sufficient to effect cure. Neuroleptics are not usually helpful. Cognitive and behavioral therapy can be very helpful when they are part of a specialized program run by an experienced multi-disciplinary team.

Front 11

Depersonalization

Back 11

the feeling that one’s body is strange or foreign, as if one were a spectator of one’s own body, is associated with severe anxiety and psychosensory seizures.

Front 12

Dysmorphopsia

Back 12

objects appear to change size and shape.

Front 13

synesthesias

Back 13

a sensation in one modality appears to trigger a sensation in another modality, such as a smell triggering a sound.

Front 14

Panic disorder

Back 14

which anxiety attacks (panic attacks) occur without a known precipitant

Front 15

circumstantiality

Back 15

eventually answer the examiner’s questions, but give far more details than is necessary.

Front 16

agoraphobia,

Back 16

panic attacks occur when patients anticipate or experience a situation where they fear losing control of themselves (e.g., fainting, vomiting, becoming incontinent, dying) and nobody could help them. These situations may include shopping malls (agoraphobia is Greek for fear of the marketplace), bridges, tunnels, elevators, crowds, open spaces and being away from one’s house or neighborhood. ) Induction of an anxiety attack with intravenous lactate characterizes panic disorder or agoraphobia

Front 17

Obsessive compulsive disorder

Back 17

characterized by repeated unwanted intrusive thoughts perceived (early in the illness) as absurd, that lead to actions (compulsions) designed to alleviate the worry.

Front 18

specific phobia

Back 18

fear of an object, animal (e.g., snakes, insects, dogs), or situation (e.g., thunderstorms, heights, blood and injury) that most persons don’t fear.

Front 19

Generalized anxiety disorder

Back 19

characterized by chronic worry, tension and tiredness but in which panic attacks are infrequent or non-existent.

Front 20

Reduced frontal blood flow and metabolism

Back 20

occurs in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, major depressive episodes with melancholic features, manic episodes, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Front 21

Increased caudate blood flow and metabolism

Back 21

obsessive compulsive disorder

Front 22

Mild diffuse cortical and cerebellar vermis atrophy

Back 22

schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, major depressive episodes with melancholic features, manic episodes and anorexia nervosa

Front 23

Six per second EEG spikes

Back 23

some epileptic seizures

Front 24

Mitral valve prolapse

Back 24

panic disorder

Front 25

Panic disorder

Back 25

is associated with spontaneous anxiety (panic) attacks unrelated to any known stressor.

Front 26

post-traumatic stress disorder

Back 26

months or years after an event in which one’s life or body integrity was threatened, one re-experiences the event with nightmares, daydreams, obsessions or “flashbacks”; experiences “numbing” in which one avoids others or situations that resemble the original event, has mildly reduced emotional expressivity or a feeling that life will be foreshortened, or is comfortable only among others who experienced a similar event; and has sympathetic over-activity in which one awakens suddenly from nightmares, startles easily or is hypervigilant.

Front 27

secondary anxiety disorder

Back 27

due to a general medical or neurologic condition that causes anxiety, including cardiopulmonary emergencies, hypoglycemia, thyrotoxicosis, Cushing’s disease, epilepsy, stroke, head injury, caffeinism, amphetamine toxicity, alcohol, barbiturate or benzodiazepine withdrawal; or pheochromocytoma.

Front 28

Social phobia

Back 28

anxiety or panic during or in anticipation of situations in which one thinks that others will notice, and ridicule, one being anxious. These situations include public speaking, using a public restroom, eating in restaurants, conversing with others, or being in a group. The phobic person doesn’t realize that most other people don’t really care whether he or she is anxious. Most of them care only about whether he or she is caring and competent.

Front 29

Acute stress disorder

Back 29

characterized by history of a fatal event during which the patient was intensely anxious and, for three weeks afterwards, felt depersonalized, re-experienced the event and had trouble sleeping, functioned notably less well than before the event, and recovered within one month.

Front 30

conversion disorder

Back 30

following a conflict or other stressor, the patient experiences one or more symptoms suggesting a neurologic or general medical disorder but where the findings do not support a diagnosis of neurologic or general medical disorder. For example, the patient might have paralysis without Babinski sign, clonus, hyperreflexia, hyporeflexia, atrophy or fasciculations.

Front 31

dissociative fugue

Back 31

the patient travels away from home or work, cannot recall his or her past, and is not fully aware of his or her own identity.

Front 32

factitious disorder

Back 32

the patient deliberately produces signs of illness to enter the sick role.

Front 33

somatization disorder

Back 33

, the patient has four or more medically unexplained pain symptoms, two or more medically unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms besides pain, one or more medically unexplained sexual symptoms, and one or more pseudoneurologic (conversion) symptom.

Front 34

obsessive compulsive disorder

Back 34

, the patient has recurrent intrusive unwelcome thoughts that he or she perceives, early in the illness, as absurd. This patient has recurrent intrusive unwelcome thoughts based on an actual experience.

Front 35

schizotypal personality disorder

Back 35

, the patient has a multi-year history of being a loner; having odd ideas like clairvoyance or telepathy, or ideas of reference that are not delusions; odd speech, odd behavior or appearance; unusual perceptual experiences like illusions, mildly blunted affect; and suspiciousness

Front 36

dissociative identity disorder

Back 36

, the patient has two or more identities or personality states, at least two of which predominate at various times, and the patient forgets more personal information than could be explained by ordinary forgetfulness.

Front 37

post-traumatic stress disorder

Back 37

have at least one additional psychiatric disorder, including major depressive disorder, substance abuse, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder and antisocial personality disorder. PTSD tends to be chronic without full recovery, does not respond to ECT, is preceded by and associated with a traumatic event, and is associated only rarely with dementia.

Front 38

reduced hippocampal volume

Back 38

PTSD

Front 39

Increased caudate blood flow and metabolism

Back 39

obsessive compulsive disorder

Front 40

Immune marker β-lymphocyte antigen identified by monoclonal antibody D8/27

Back 40

narcolepsy

Front 41

Punctate hemorrhages in the periventricular gray matter and thalamus

Back 41

Wernicke’s encephalopathy, experienced by malnourished or starved persons (alcoholics, anorexics or prison camp inmates) with genetically-related thiamine metabolism inadequacy.