Neuro - Exam 3 - Part 1

Front 1

length of brainstem

Back 1

7 cm

Front 2

brainstem links ____ to _____

Back 2

brainstem links forebrain to spinal cord & cerebellum

Front 3

2 parts of forebrain

Back 3

diencephalon

cerebral hemispheres

Front 4

neuronal cell groups found in brainstem

Back 4

nuclei

Front 5

3 regions of brainstem

Back 5

midbrain

pons

medulla

Front 6

6 things the Reticular Formation controls

Back 6

control of respiration

consciousness

painperception

CV function

motor coordination

muscle tone

Front 7

describe normal position of brainstem

Back 7

rests on occipital bone of posterior cranial fossa

positioned almost vertical

Medulla extends caudally through Foramen Magnum

Front 8

At the level of which structure does the axis of orientation rotate 90*?

Back 8

level of the thalamus (diencephalon)

Front 9

describe directions rostral, caudal, ventral, dorsal after level of thalamus

Back 9

rostral - toward forehead
caudal - toward occipitus
ventral - toward feet
dorsal - toward top of head

Front 10

Is the thalamus part of the diencephalon or the brainstem?

Back 10

diencephalon

Front 11

Which structures comprise the tectum of the midbrain?

Back 11

Left and right superior and inferior colliculi (4 hills)

Front 12

Superior colliculi process what type of information?

Back 12

visual

Front 13

Inferior colliculi process what type of information?

Back 13

auditory

Front 14

Parinaud syndrome

Back 14

compression of Superior Colliculus


due to tumor of adjacent pineal gland

paralysis of upward gaze

Front 15

Only cranial nerve to exit the dorsal surface of the brainstem

where does it emerge?

Back 15

trochlear nerve (CN IV)

emerges from midbrain just caudal to inferior colliculus

Front 16

what neural structure covers the fourth ventrical?

Back 16

cerebellum

Front 17

rostral 2/3 of the floor of the 4th ventrical comprises...

Back 17

the dorsal aspect of the pons

Front 18

caudal 1/3 of the floor of the 4th ventrical comprises...

Back 18

dorsal aspect of the rostral medulla

Front 19

what three structures surround the rostral and lateral borders of the fourth ventrical?

Back 19

superior, middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles

Front 20

fiber tract that connects neurons in the cerebellum with those in the thalamus

Back 20

superior cerebellar peduncle

Front 21

fiber tract that connects neurons in the cerebellum with those in the pons

Back 21

middle cerebellar peduncle

Front 22

fiber tract that connects neruons in the cerebellum with those in the spinal cord

Back 22

inferior cerebellar peduncle

Front 23

2 small elevations caudal to the 4th ventrical

Back 23

gracilis tubercle

cuneate tubercle

Front 24

the gracilis and cuneate tubercles mark the locations of which nuclei?

Back 24

gracilis and cuneatus nunclei

Front 25

neurons in the nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus receive information about which three senses?

through which structures

Back 25

discriminative touch
proprioception
vibration

through the gracilis and cuneatus fasciculi

Front 26

the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus are apparent on which aspect of the medulla?

Back 26

horizontal ridges on DORSAL SURFACE of Medulla

Front 27

neurons within the gracilis and cuneate nuclei give rise to axons that go where?

Back 27

cross the midline and
ascend through the brainstem
to the contralateral thalamus
as the medial lemniscus

Front 28

where is the Crus Cerebri found?

Back 28

ventral surface of the midbrain

Front 29

describe fibers in the Crus Cerebri

Back 29

primarily descending Corticospinal and Corticobulbar fibers

destined to innervate motor neurons

Front 30

corticobulbar fibers connect which two areas of the brain

Back 30

cerebral cortex & brainstem

Front 31

pathway of pontocerebellar fibers

Back 31

originate from neurons in the ventral pons

desinted for the contralateral cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle

Front 32

function of pontine nuclei

Back 32

coordination of movement

receive descending cortical input
represent important connection between cortex & cerebellum

Front 33

location of pyramids

Back 33

extend caudally from the pons along ventral surface of medulla

Front 34

majority of fibers in pyramids

Back 34

descending corticospinal axons that originated in ipsilateral motor cortex

destined for motor neurons in contralateral spinal cord

Front 35

where is the pyramidal decussation?

Back 35

caudal end of the medulla

Front 36

describe the majority of fibers that ross at the pyramidal decussation

Back 36

descend in lateral funiculus of spinal cord as the

lateral corticospinal tract

responsible for voluntary movement of the limbs

Front 37

Frontal Eye Fields

Back 37

region of cortex rostral to Primary Motor Cortex

Frontal Eye Field neurons activate brainstem motor nuclei to initiate voluntary movement of the eyes

Front 38

uncrossed corticospinal fibers continue past the pyramidal decussation as which tract?

Back 38

anterior corticospinal tract

(little clinical significance)

Front 39

Corticospinal (pyramidal) tract

origin
ending
function

Back 39

Corticospinal tract

origin: motor cortex
ending: ventral horn cells of SC
function: voluntary movement of limbs

Front 40

Corticobulbar tract

origin
ending
function

Back 40

corticobulbar tract

origin: mortor cortex
ending: brainstem motor nuclei
function: motor control of the head & neck

Front 41

DC-ML tract

origin
ending
function

Back 41

DC-ML tract

origin: sensory receptors in limbs/trunk
ending: ipsidlateral N. gracilis/Cuneatus via dorsal columnas

Ending: contralateral thalmus via medial lemniscus

Function: discriminative tough, vibration, proprioception

Front 42

AL system

origin
ending
function

Back 42

AL system

origin: sensory receptors in limbs
ending: contralateral thalamus
function: pain, temp, crude touch

Front 43

trigeminothalamic tract

origin
ending
function

Back 43

trigeminothalamic tract

origin: skin, spinal nucleus of CN V (brainstem)

ending: contralateral thalamus

function: discriminative touch, vibration, temp, pain, proprioception from head

Front 44

UMNs definition

Back 44

neurons that give rise to a motor pathway, but do not interact directly with the target musle

Front 45

LMNs definition

Back 45

neurons whose axons innervate the target muscle

Front 46

where are the UMNs in the corticospinal and corticobulbar pathways located?

Back 46

primary motor cortex

Front 47

where are the LMNs in the corticospinal and corticobulbar pathways found?

Back 47

ventral horns of spinal cord

various motor nuclei of brainstem

Front 48

5 signs of UMN syndrome

Back 48

Paresis (weakness) or Plegia (paralysis) of muscle

Spasticity - increased resistance to passive stretch

hyperreflexia - exaggerated DTGs

NO wasting of muscles

positive Babinski

Front 49

5 signs of LMN syndrome

Back 49

Paresis or Plegia of muscle

flaccid paralysis/hypotonia

hyporeflexia

muscle atrophy

fasciculations

Front 50

blood supply to brainstem provided primarily by branches of which 2 arteries?

Back 50

vertebral & basilar

Front 51

primary branches of vertebrobasilar system in medulla

Back 51

anterior spinal aa
posterior spinal aa
posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

Front 52

blockage of PICA results in which syndrome?

affected region?

Back 52

Lateral Medullary (Wallenberg's) Syndrome

dorsal-lateral region of medulla affected

Front 53

6 deficits seen in Wallenberg's syndrome

Back 53

contralateral loss of pain & temperature from body (AL system)

ipsilateral loss of pain and temp from face (spinal trigeminal nucleus)

vertigo and nystagmus (vestibular nuclei)

loss of taste from ipsilateral half of tongue (nucleus solitarius)

hoarseness and dysphagia (nucleus ambiguus and CNs 9&10)

Front 54

Summary of Wallengbert's syndrome

Back 54

aka: Lateral Medullary SUndrome

ipsilateral loss of pain and temp from face

contralateral loss of pain and temp from body

Front 55

Primary blood supply from Pons

Back 55

Paramedian and Circumferential branches of Basilar artery

Front 56

The labyrinthe artery is a branch of which artery?

Back 56

AICA

Front 57

which two CNs does the AICA serve?

Back 57

CN VII and CN VIII

within the internal auditory meatus

Front 58

Which arteries does the SUperior Cerebellar artery supplement?

where?

Back 58

Superior Cerebellar artery supplements the Paramedian and Circumferential aa in the rostral portion of the Pons, starting at the level of CN V

Front 59

arteries serving central region of midbrain

Back 59

Posteromedial group

arise from Posterior Cerebral a.

Front 60

Mnemonic for sensory/motor/both CNs

Back 60

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter More

Front 61

these CNs attach directly to the forebrain & therefore do not have brainstem components

Back 61

CN I

CN II

Front 62

relationship between nuclei of similar function and origin

Back 62

discontinuous columns of cells

Front 63

example of discontinuous alignment of nuclei:

motor nuclei that serve cranial nerves III, IV, VI and XII

Back 63

all contain GSEs
all are found adjacent to the midline

Front 64

example of discontinous alignment of nuclei

Motor Nucleus of V
Facial Motor Nucleus of VII
Nucleus Ambiguus
Spinal Accessory Nucelus

Back 64

all have components that innervate musculature derived from embryonic gill arches (Special Visceral Efferent)

all found lateral

Front 65

what does somatic motor component of the oculomotor nerve do?

Back 65

innervates 4 of 6 extraocular muscles

Front 66

what does parasympathetic component of the oculomotor nerve do?

Back 66

innervates smooth muscles within eye:
iris sphincter
ciliary muscles

Front 67

where are somatic motor neurons of oculomotor nerve located

Back 67

Oculomotor nucleus
just ventral to periaqueductal grey of the midbrain
at leavel of the Superior Colliculus

Front 68

From where do preganglionic parasympthathetic fibers of the oculomotor nerve originate?

Back 68

Edinger-Westphal Nucleus

Front 69

Where do somatic and parasympathetic fibers of CN III join?

Back 69

join within brainstem

Front 70

Pathway of CN III

Back 70

courses ventrally through Red Nucleus
exit Brainstem as CN III along medial aspect of Crus Cerebri in Interpeduncular Fossa

passes btw Posterior Cerebral and Superior Cerebellar aa

runs anteriorly within wall of Cavernous Sinus

enters orbit via Superior Orbital Fissure

Front 71

which muscles does superior branch of CN III serve?

Back 71

superior rectus

levator palpebrae superioris

Front 72

which muscles does inferior branch of CN III serve?

Back 72

inferior rectus

inferior oblique

medial rectus

Front 73

which branch of CN III do the preganglionic parasympathetics follow?

where do they synapse?

Back 73

follow inferior branch

synapse within Ciliary Ganglion

Front 74

which other fibers do post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers from CN III run with?

Back 74

sympathetic postganglionics from the ipsilateral Superior Cervical Ganglion

Front 75

what do ciliary muscles control?

Back 75

refractive power of lens

Front 76

location & function of Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF)

Back 76

adjacent to oculomotor nucleus

fiber tract by which ocular motor nuclei communicate

plays important role in coordinated movements of the eyes

Front 77

intorsion

Back 77

rotation of the top of the eye inward

Front 78

extorsion

Back 78

rotation of the top of the eye outward

Front 79

actions of superior rectus

Back 79

elevates and adducts

Front 80

actions of inferior rectus

Back 80

depresses and adducts

Front 81

actions of medial rectus

Back 81

adducts

Front 82

actions of inferior oblique

Back 82

elevates and abducts

Front 83

oculomotor-related deficits generally occur as a result of injury to _____ and not to _____

Back 83

oculomotor-related deficits generally occur as a result of injury to CN III and not to the Oculomotor Nucleus itself

Front 84

4 causes of injury to CN III

Back 84

aneurysm - Posterior and Superior Cerebellar aa

rapid swelling causing brain displacement - tumor, trauma, epidural hematoma

infection/inflammation within Cavernous Sinus

syphylitic and tuberculous meningitis, which localize btw optic chiasm & temporal lobe

Front 85

external signs of somatic CN III damage

Back 85

Divergent Strabismus (outward deviation of the eye)

Diplopia

Ptosis

Front 86

external signs of parasympathetic CN III damage

Back 86

Mydriasis (pupillary dilation)

loss of pupillary light reflex

loss of accommodation

abnormal near response

Front 87

near response

Back 87

pupillary constriction (closer object gets, the more light it reflecs)

accommodation (increased focusing power of the lens)

convergence of the eyes (due to bilateral input to the medial rectus)

Front 88

Anterior Alternating Hemiplegia (Weber's Syndrome)

Back 88

lesion affects CN III and adjacent corticospinal fibers

--> ipsilateral ophthalmoplegia (eye paralysis)

--> contralateral hemiparesis (paralysis of limbs on one side)

Front 89

Why is hemiparesis contralateral to ophthalmoplegia in Weber's Syndrome?

Back 89

descending motor fibers will cross at Pyramidal Decussation

Front 90

Signs that Corticobulbar fibers are also affected in cases of Weber's Syndrome

Back 90

contralateral paralysis of lower face and tongue

Front 91

Claude's Syndrome

Back 91

lesion involving CN III extends dorsally to include Red Nucleus (motor control!)

ipsilateral ophthalmoplegia
contralateral hemiparesis
contralateral paralysis of lower face/tonue

CONTRALATERAL ATAXIA (rubrospinal tract)

Front 92

where do Trochlear Nerve neurons originate?

Back 92

Trochlear Nucleus
located near midling of midbrain
ventral to periaqueductal grey
at level of Inferior Colliculus

Front 93

pathway of trochlear nerve

Back 93

originate in trochlear nucleus
pass dorsally around periaqueductal grey
CROSS
exit from dorsal surface of brainstem
continue aroudn lateral surface of crus cerebri to ventral surface of brainstem
pass btw Posterior Cerebral and Superior Cerebellar aa
travel in lateral wall of Cavernous Sinus
enter orbit via Superior Orbital Fissure

Front 94

muscle innervated by trochlear nerve

Back 94

Superior Oblique muscle of CONTRALTERAL eye

Front 95

how to test integrity of Superior Oblique

Back 95

pt looks IN (aligns the axes)

then down (S.O. activation alone)

Front 96

3 causes of CN IV injury

Back 96

aneurysms of Posterior & Superior Cerebellar aa

inflammation w/in Cavernous Sinus

surgical intervention in region of tentorium cerebelli

Front 97

Head tilts in trochlear lesions

Back 97

lesion of the trochlear NERVE (already crossed) - head tilted toward NORMAL side

lesion of the trochlear NUCLEUS - head tilited toward AFFECTED side

Front 98

signs of superior oblique muscle paralysis

Back 98

inability to direct eye downward, esp. when looking medially

diplopia

difficulty reading and walking down stairs

at rest, eye slightly extorted and elevated

head tilt

Front 99

6 things to remember about trochlear nerve

Back 99

smallest cranial nerve, but has longest intracranial pathway (~7.5cm)

only CN to exit from DORSAL surface of Brainstem

only crainal nerve that CROSSES

affected eye is directed up and out - pt has difficulty looking down, walking down stairs

pt might compensate by tilting head to side of Normal eye

Front 100

where do neurons of Abducens Nerve originate?

Back 100

Abducens nucleus

located within tegmentum (dorsal region) of the Pons, just below 4th ventricle

nucleus forms bump - Facial Colliculus

Front 101

pathway of Abducens Nerve

Back 101

from Abducens Nucleus
course ventrally through tegmentum and basal Pons

exit Brainstem at ponto-medullary junction

anterior course over apex of petrous part of temporal bone

through Cavernous Sinus

enters orbit via Superior Orbital Fissure

Front 102

causes of injury to Abducens Nerve

Back 102

vascular insufficiencies of Basilar artery or its Circumferential branches

compressive injury from increased intracranial pressure

middle ear infections

inflammation within Cavernous Sinus

fractures involving base of the skull

Front 103

effects of tumor w/in 4th ventricle involving facial nerve and Abducens nucleus

Back 103

compression of facial nerve and nucleus affects upper and lower regions of face IPSILATERAL to injury

Front 104

signs of Lateral Rectus paralysis

Back 104

Convergent Strabismus (eye turned inward)

inability to abduct eye

diplopia

compensation - turns head toward affected side

Front 105

lesion that affects CN VI and corticospinal tract unilaterally will result in...

Back 105

Middle Alternating Hemiplegia:

ipsilateral convergent strabismus

contralateral hemiplegia

Front 106

If corticobulbar fibers are involved in CN VI lesion, you would see deficits in...

Back 106

contralateral tongue

Front 107

Where do UMNs controlling visual gaze reside?

Back 107

Frontal Eye Fields

Front 108

Types of Eye Movements

Back 108

Slow pursuit

Saccadic

Nystagmus

Vergence

Front 109

Slow Pursuit eye movements

Back 109

slow (5-50x/sec)

conjugate (same direction)

movements that are used to track objects

Front 110

saccadic eye movements

Back 110

rapid eye movements (100-600x/second)

serve to bring objects of interest into the fovea

voluntary or reflexive

e.g.: some auditory or visual cue causes sudden shift in gaze

Front 111

nystagmus

Back 111

rudimentary type of saccade

2 phases - slow and fast

purpose - reset the eyes on a new target after having followed a previously movieng target that has left our view

Front 112

slow phase of nystagmus

Back 112

track each object until it leaves field of view

Front 113

fast phase of nystagmus

Back 113

rapid saccade in opposite direction to lock on to next object

Front 114

direction of nystagmus is dictated by which phase?

Back 114

fast phase

Front 115

spontenous nystagmus

Back 115

eyes rhythmically drift in one direction and then rapidly return

common indication of neurological damage

Front 116

cause of spontaneous nystagmus

Back 116

damage to vestibular system or one of its main central connections, such as the cerebellum

Front 117

vergence (eye movement)

Back 117

two eyes move in opposite directions - disconjugate

necessary to maintain fixation as target approaches the eyes

controlled by bilateral input to Oculomotor Nuclei from Supraoculomotor Nucleus

Front 118

Horizontal Gaze controlled by neurons located in...

Back 118

Paramedial Pontine Reticular Formation
(lateral gaze center)

region of pontine reticular formation

Front 119

What controls neurons in PPRF

Back 119

UMNs located in contralateral Frontal Eye Firleds of cortex

Front 120

2 populations of neurons projected from PPRF

Back 120

one popution - give rise to ipsilateral CN VI - innervates lateral rectus muscle

other peopulation - axons that cross midline and ascend as part of the Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus innervate motor neurons in contralateral Oculomotor Nucleus - innervate ipsilateral medial rectus

Front 121

result of ipsilateral CN VI and contralateral CN III activation

Back 121

simultaneous activation of ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle

contralateral medial rectus muscle

--> conjugate horizontal movement of the eyes

Front 122

neurons controlling vertical gaze originate in ...

Back 122

Rostral INterstitial Nucleus of MLF (riMLF)

Front 123

riMLF neurons receive input from...

Back 123

Frontal Eye Fields - BILATERAL

Front 124

riMLF projects to the...

Back 124

Oculomotor Nucleus --> superior and inferior rectus mm, inferior oblique m.

Trochlear Nucleus --> superior oblique m.

Front 125

Vestibuo-ocular Reflex (VOR)

Back 125

represents movement of the eyes in response to activation of the Vestibular system

Front 126

normal VOR

Back 126

movement of head in one direction results in compensatory movement of eyes that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to movement of the head

stabilizes visual world on retina during head movements

Front 127

VOR is initiated by...

Back 127

activation of receptors (hair follicle receptors) in

Semicircular Canals (angular acceleration) and

Otolith Organs (linear acceleration

Front 128

VOR signal pathway

Back 128

receptors --> vestibular ganglion/CN VIII --> vestibular nuclei --> contralateral abducens nuclei --> islateral lateral rectus & contralateral medial rectus muscles

Front 129

example of VOR:

Cells in LEFT semicircular canals are activated when..

Back 129

Cells in LEFT semicircular canals are activated when the head is rotated LEFT

results in activation of RIGHT abducends and compensatory rotation of the eyes to the RIGHT

Front 130

mechanism underlying right-beating nystagmus

Back 130

greater activity in RIGHT vestibular nuclei results in eyes drifting to the LEFT

at their limit, they snap back

Front 131

6 lesions affecting eye movements

Back 131

lesion of the LEFT frontal eye fields

lesion of the RIGHT PPRF

lesion of the RIGHT Abducens Nucleus

lesion of the RIGHT abducens nerve (CN VI)

lesion of the LEFT Vestibular Nuclei or CN VIII

lesion of the LEFT MLF
(ANTERIOR INTERNUCLEAR OPHTHALMOPLEGIA)

Front 132

Lesion of the LEFT Frontal Eye Fields

Back 132

eyes deviated tonically to the LEFT (RIGHT FEFs are in control)

No atrophy of eye muscles (LMN pathways are intact)

No diplopia (both eyes are affected equally)

Front 133

Lesion fo the RIGHT PPRF

Back 133

eyes deviated tonically to the LEFT (RIGHT FEFs are in control)

no atrophy of eye muscles (LMN pathways are intact)

No diplopia - both eyes are affected equally

Front 134

Lesion of the RIGHT abducens nucleus

Back 134

both eyes direted left (loss of direct input to ipsilateral LR and crossed input to tcontralateral oculomotor nucleus and MR.

atrophy of RIGHT LR but NOT the LEFT MR (CN III intact)

no diplopia - both eyes affected equally

Front 135

Lesion of the RIGHT Abducens Nerve

Back 135

RIGHT eye deviated medially (b/c imbalance w/ MR --> can't direct laterally)

atrophy of RIGHT lateral rectus

diplopia

Front 136

Lesion of LEFT vestibular nuclei

Back 136

RIGHT nystagmus (right side in control, drives eyes slowly left, fast saccade to the right)

LEFT staggering gait (vestibular input to left SC is reduced relateive to right side input)

Front 137

Lesion of LEFT MLF, aka:

Back 137

Anterior Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia

Front 138

Anterior Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia

Back 138

inability to turn LEFT eye past midline to the right

no atrophy of MR (oculomotor nuc and CN III intact)

diplopia when attempting to look right

nystagmus when attemptin gto look right

normal vergence (supraoculomotor nuc, oculomotor nuc and CN III intact)

Front 139

Caloric test used to test ingegrity of...

Back 139

Vestibular Pathways

Front 140

Look up Caloric test (CP 222)

Back 140

Look up Caloric test (CP 222)

Front 141

Pupillary light reflex pathway

Back 141

retina --> pretectum of midbrain (bilaterally) --> Edinger-Westphal N. --> ciliary ganglion --> iris sphincter

Front 142

pupillary consensual response results from...

Back 142

neurons in pretectum of midbrain project bilaterally onto preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in left and right Edinger-Westphahal Nuceli

ergo, loss of accomies pupillary light reflex loss

Front 143

pupillary dilation originates with ...

Back 143

sympathetic innervation of iris dilator muscles

pathway originates with tonic excitatory input to neurons in upper thoracic cord from neurons in hypothalamus

axons of SC neurons ascend to superior cervical ganglion --> axons follwoign internal carotid & CN III fibers into brain and orbit

Front 144

loss of pupillary light responses typically indicate...

Back 144

structural damage along one fo the pathways

Front 145

injury at the level of the dorsal midbrain that affects the pretectal area --> what type of pupil response?

Back 145

mid-sized or slightly large pupils that do not respond to light

Front 146

injury to the midbrain at the level of CN III --> what pupil response?

Back 146

complete loss of pupillary responses b/c of damage to descending sympathetics and parasympathetics of CN III

Front 147

injury to one optic nerve results in...

Back 147

complete loss of both direct and consensual response from the affected eye, but no effect on other eye

Front 148

unilateral pupillary dilation is typically the result of...

Back 148

injury to one of the oculomotor nerves as it exits the brainstem

Front 149

most common causes of CN III compression in a comatose pt are...

Back 149

aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery

or displacement of the temporal lobe by a tumor

Front 150

any lesion that affects the parasympathetic componenet of CN III results in...

Back 150

pupillary dilation due to the unopposed action of ascending sympathetic innervation to the iris dilator muscles

loss of accomodation

Front 151

largest cranial nerve

Back 151

trigeminal nerve

Front 152

sensory component of trigeminal nerve conveys information concerning...

Back 152

pain, temperature, touch

proprioception from:
face, forehead, mucous mb of nose, anterior 2/3 of tongue, hard & soft palates, nasal & oral cavities, muscles of mastication, teeth and portions of cranial dura

Front 153

motor component of trigeminal nerve innervates...

Back 153

muscles of mastication

Front 154

where do primary neurons of pain, temp and touch fibers reside?

Back 154

Trigeminal Ganglion

located on floor of middle cranial fossa

Front 155

where do primary neurons carrying proprioception reside?

Back 155

brainstem proper

Front 156

peripheral processes of trigeminal primary neurons form..

Back 156

Ophthalmic (V1)
Maxillary (V2)
Mandibular (V3) branches

Front 157

central processes of trigeminal primary neurons terminate where?

Back 157

on neurons in the Trigmeinal Nucleus of the Brainstem

Front 158

trigeminal sensory nucleus extends where?

Back 158

over entire length of brainstem

Front 159

3 subregions of trigeminal sensory nucleus

Back 159

rostral portion (rostral Pons and midbrain) - Mesencephalic Nucleus of V

central portion (Pons) - Principle/Chief Sensory Nucleus of V

caudal portion - Spinal Nucleus of V

Front 160

Mesencephalic Nucleus of V

location
information handled
cell bodies located where?

Back 160

Mesencephalic Nucleus of V

located adjacent to central periaqueductal grey of midbrain

nucleus handles proprioceptive information from muscles of mastication

cell bodies located within Brainstem proper

Front 161

pathway from sensory receptors to Mesencephalic Nucleus of V

Back 161

muscle spindles in muscles of mastication

enter brainstem via Mandibular division of CN V

central processes terminate primarily in Motor Nucleus of V, located adjacent to Principle Sensory Nucleus w/in Pons

Front 162

connection between Mesencephalic Nucleus of V and Motor Nucleus of V establishes what?

Back 162

stretch refelx for control of jaw position and

bite reflex that controls bite strength

Front 163

Some neurons within the Motor Nucleus of V send fibers across the midline to join the ______. These fibers carry proprioception information to the contralateral _____ nucleus of the thalamus, which then relayes the information to the _____

Back 163

Some neurons within the Motor Nucleus of V send fibers across the midline to join the Ventral Trigeminothalamic Tract (VTT).

These fibers carry proprioception information to the contralateral VENTRAL POSTEROMEDIAL (VPM) nucleus of the thalamus, which then relays the information to the PRIMARY SENSORY CORTEX.

Front 164

Chief Sensory Nucleus of V

location
information ahndled
primary neurons found in

Back 164

Chief Sensory Nucleus of V

located at mid-Pons
handles discriminatory touch, conscious proprioception and vibration information from face & oral cavity

primary neurons lcated w/in Trigeminal Ganglion

Front 165

pathway of second-order neurons w/in Chief Sensory Nucleus of V

Back 165

send axons across midline to form VTT

2nd-order neurons representing oral cavity --> ipsilaterally projecting Dorsal Trigeminothalamic Tract (DTT)

VTT & DTT fibers ascend to the VPM nucleus of thalamus

information relayed to ipsilateral somatosensory cortex

Front 166

sensory information from the body is relayed to sensory cortex via which nucleus?

Back 166

Ventral Posterolateral (VPL) nucleus

Front 167

Spinal Nucleus of V

location

Back 167

Spinal Nucleus of V

extends from Chief Sensory Nucleus caudlly into first 3 segments of SC - merges w/ dorsal grey matter of SC and fibers of Tract of Lissauer

Front 168

Spinal Nucleus of V

information handled

Back 168

pain & temperature from face, forehead, mucuous mb of nose

ANTERIOR 2/3 of TONGUE

hard & soft palates, nasal cavities, oral cavity, teeth, portions of cranial dura

Front 169

Spinal Nucleus of V

primary neurons located

Back 169

primary neurons located w/in Trigeminal Ganglion

Front 170

second-order neurons of SPinal Nucleus of V

Back 170

like Chief Sensory neurons,

send axons across midline to ascend as part of VTT

pain & temp info relayed in VPM to sensory cortex

Front 171

what nucleus handles ALL pain and temperature information from the face?

Back 171

Spinal Nucleus of V

Front 172

Does all pain and temperature information from the face arrive at the Spinal Nucleus of V via CN V?

Back 172

No

some arrives via CN VII, IX and X

Front 173

pain and temperature from the region of the ear is handled primarily by...

Back 173

CN VII