Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is step 1 of the 8 part exam?
|
visual acuity
|
|
|
What is OD?
|
right eye
|
|
|
What is OS?
|
left eye
|
|
|
When is visual acuity abnormal?
|
< 20/20
|
|
|
T or F: "Normal vision" implies absence of ocular pathology?
|
FALSE
|
|
|
What is the pinhole test for?
|
assess if poor visual acuity is due to refractive error
|
|
|
What is refractive error?
|
i need glasses to see better
|
|
|
what is hyperopic?
|
farsighted
|
|
|
what is presbyopia?
|
deficient near vision (in 100% of non-myopes > 40yo)
|
|
|
What happens in myopia?
|
when the eye is longer than normal, so the image falls in front of the retina
|
|
|
What lens corrects myopia?
|
concave (diverging)
|
|
|
eye is shorter than normal --> image falls behind the eye --> __
|
hyperopia
|
|
|
convex lens corrects __
|
hyperopia
|
|
|
In PRK, you flatten cornea for __
|
myopia
|
|
|
in PRK, you steepen cornea for __
|
hyperopia
|
|
|
What are some complications of LASIK?
|
flap complications
dry eye permenant loss of best-corrected visual acuity undesirable glare loss of night vision quality |
|
|
What is step 2 of the 8 step exam?
|
visual fields
|
|
|
What do you check the blind spot with?
|
a small red object
|
|
|
What does FTCF mean?
|
visual fields all ok
|
|
|
What are hemianiopias?
|
visual field loss that is bitemporal or binasal
|
|
|
pituitary tumors will cause what?
|
bi-temporal hemianopia
|
|
|
bitemporal hemianopia and diminished libido -->
|
pituitary tumor
|
|
|
Meyer's loop injury -->
|
opposite upper quadrantanopia
|
|
|
What are the 3 signs of glaucoma?
|
visual field loss
pressure in the eye optic nerve damage |
|
|
T or F: Glaucoma is an optic neuritis
|
TRUE
|
|
|
damaged optic nerve w/ cupping -->
|
glaucoma
|
|
|
What does the Amsler grid do?
|
assesses the central 10 degrees of visual field which is useful for evaluating early macular pathology
|
|
|
What does a person w/ MD see when looking at an Amsler Grid?
|
some distortion (metamorphopsia) of the grid
|
|
|
What is the macula?
|
center of the retina responsible for fine central vision (20/8 - 20/20)
|
|
|
What is are-related macular degeneration?
|
mild to severe loss of central vision
macular tissue deteriorates not total blindness |
|
|
Why should ever-smokers avoid ARMD drugs w/ beta-carotene?
|
b/c they increase their risk of developing lung cancer
|
|
|
Atrophic MD --> (wet/dry)?
|
dry
|
|
|
Exudative MD --> (wet/dry)?
|
wet
|
|
|
Which MD is more common, wet or dry?
|
dry (90%)
|
|
|
What is the treatment for wet MD?
|
injectible anti-VEGF meds to stop leaking blood vessels
|
|
|
What is step 3 of the 8 part eye exam?
|
Pupil exam
|
|
|
How do you pick up RAPD?
|
swinging flashlight test
|
|
|
how can you tell which eye has the RAPD?
|
the eye that dilates when the light is shone into it (is shone a word)?
|
|
|
What drug causes dilation and loss of accomodation?
|
Scopolamine (common anti-nausea patch)
|
|
|
What is step 4 of the 8 step exam?
|
motility
|
|
|
What is orthphoric?
|
normal alignment
|
|
|
What is the hirschberg test?
|
rough measure of deviation. look at location of corneal light reflex
|
|
|
What are tropias?
|
eye that is constantly deviated
|
|
|
how do you pick up a tropia?
|
cover/uncover test
|
|
|
What is a phoria?
|
eye that is sometimes deviated
|
|
|
How do you pick up phorias?
|
cross-cover test
|
|
|
What is strabismus?
|
a misalignment of the two eyes --> tropias
|
|
|
in adults, strabismus causes...
|
binocular diplopia
|
|
|
in kids < 10, strabismus leads to...
|
amblyopia (lazy eye)
|
|
|
How do you treat amblyopia in a kid?
|
patch the good eye
|
|
|
loss of visual acuity not correctable by glasses in an o/w healthy eye -->
|
amblyopia
|
|
|
what is step 5 of the 8 step exam?
|
external exam
|
|
|
What is blepharitis?
|
chronic inflammation of the lid margin
|
|
|
What is meibomitis?
|
inspissated meibomian glands (rosacea)
|
|
|
How do you treat meibomitis?
|
hot compresses, eyelid massage
PO doxycycline |
|
|
Stye -->
|
acute hordeola
|
|
|
staph abscess of lash follicle -->
|
external hordolum
|
|
|
staph abscess of meibomia gland w/ swelling in tarsal plate -->
|
internal hordeolum
|
|
|
meibomian cyst that is a painless, roundish firm lesion w/in tarsal plate that is chronic granulomatous reaction -->
|
chalazion
|
|
|
what is blepharoptosis?
|
upper lid margin rests at a lower position than normal
|
|
|
Horner's -->
|
ptosis (2mm), miosis, anhidrosis
|
|
|
pancoast's tumor -->
|
tumor at base of lung that causes Horner's
|
