Neuro Exam 3: Cranial Nerves

Front 1

Cranial Nerve I

Back 1

Olfactory "nerve."
-Thousands of neurosensory cells that enter olfactory bulb.
Function = smell

Front 2

Cranial Nerve II

Back 2

Optic nerve (actually a tract)
-A CNS tract, not a peripheral nerve
Function = vision

Front 3

Cranial Nerve III

Back 3

Oculomotor nerve
-motor nerve
-Nuclei: Oculomotor nucleus (somatic motor) & E-W nucleus (visceral motor)
-Location: Midbrain
-Function: constrict pupil, "accommodate" lens, elevate lid, move globe (4 extraocular muscles)

Front 4

Cranial Nerve IV

Back 4

Trochlear nerve
-motor nerve
-Nucleus: Trochlear nucleus (somatic motor
-Location: Caudal midbrain
-Function: move globe (1 extraocular muscle) -- moves eye down when in medial position
-Only cranial nerve that begins on dorsal brainstem

Front 5

Cranial Nerve V

Back 5

Trigeminal nerve
-mixed nerve
-Nuclei: spinal nucleus, pontine nucleus, mesencephalic nucleus, and motor nucleus
-Location: mid pons
-Function: mastication, tensor tympani (dampen loud noises in middle ear), other minor muscles, somatosensation from face (V1-top, V2-middle, V3-jaw)

Front 6

Cranial nerve VI

Back 6

Abducens nerve
-motor nerve
Nuclei: Abducens nuclei (somatic motor)
Location: caudal pons
Function: Abduct the eye (move laterally)

Front 7

Cranial nerve VII

Back 7

Facial nerve
-mixed nerve
-Nuclei: facial motor nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract
-Location: facial motor nucleus is in caudal pons, nucleus of solitary tract is in medulla
-Function: muscles of facial expression, stapedius (dampen loud noises in middle ear), lacrimation, salivation, taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue), some somatosensation in/around ear

Front 8

Cranial nerve VIII

Back 8

Vestibulocochlear nerve
-Nuclei: Vestibular nucleus, cochlear nuclei
-Location: Caudal medulla
-Function: Balance, hearing

Front 9

Cranial nerve IX

Back 9

Glossopharyngeal nerve
-mixed nerve
-Nuclei: nucleus ambiguus (motor), nucleus of solitary tract (visceral)
-Location: Medulla
-Function: visceral afferents, taste & somatosensation posterior 1/3 of tongue, upper pharynx, parotid salivary gland

Front 10

Cranial nerve X

Back 10

Vagus nerve
-mixed nerve
Nuclei: nucleus ambiguus, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, nucleus of the solitary tract
-Location: Medulla
-Function: Muscles of pharynx, larynx, parasympathetic to most of thorax/abdomen, visceral afferents, taste posterior pharynx, somatosensation in/around ear, lower pharynx, larynx, upper esophagus

Front 11

Cranial nerve XI

Back 11

Spinal accessory nerve
-pure motor nerve
-Nuclei: Motor neurons in ventral gray horns
-Location: cervical spinal cord
-Function: elevate shoulder (trapezius muscle), turn head to contralateral side (sternocleidomastoid muscle)

Front 12

Cranial nerve XII

Back 12

Hypoglossal nerve
-pure motor nerve
-Nuclei: Hypoglossal nucleus
-Location: Medulla
-Function: move tongue

Front 13

Sympathetics

Back 13

-Innervate pupil, eyelid, and face
-Begins with nerve cell bodies located in ipsilateral hypothalamus
-Function: dilate pupil, widen palpebral fissure, sweat on face

Front 14

Do cranial nerves, sympathetics, and their nuclei supply ipsilateral or contralateral structures?

Back 14

Ipsilateral