Neuro - Exam 2 - Part 1

Front 1

cervical enlargement is associated with innervation of...

Back 1

arms

Front 2

lumbar enlargement is associated with innervation of...

Back 2

lower limb

Front 3

first three sections of nerve

Back 3

ventral/dorsal ROOT --> spinal NERVE --> ventral/dorsal RAMUS

Front 4

2 effects of intervertebral disk pushing on spinal nerves

Back 4

blockade of conduction --> muscle weakness

points of irritation within spinal nerve, conducting APs back into spinal cord (ectopic impulses)

Front 5

ectopic impulses

Back 5

APs from impinged spinal nerve back to spinal cord

Front 6

Sciatica

Back 6

impinged (usu. lumbar) spinal nerves

Front 7

function of denticulate ligaments

Back 7

suspend spinal cord in SAS

Front 8

mixed nerves

Back 8

with spinal + peripheral neurons

Front 9

when measuring the impulse along a peripheral nerve, what is the name of what the recording electrode records?

Back 9

compound action potential

Front 10

when applying a stimulating electrode to the skin, in what direction is the impulse propogated?

Back 10

BOTH directions!

Front 11

bigger blips on compound AP represent ...

Back 11

A-alpha & A-beta fibers

Front 12

smaller blips on compound AP represent...

Back 12

A-delta fiber

Front 13

blip way out to the right on a compound AP represents

Back 13

C-fiber

Front 14

which class of afferent fibers are myelinated?

Back 14

A

Front 15

which class of afferent fibers are unmyelinated?

Back 15

C

Front 16

examples of A-alpha fibers

Back 16

fibers from annulospiral endings from the muscle spindle

fibers from Golgi Tendon Organs

Front 17

examples of A-beta fibers

Back 17

fibers from flower-spray endings of the muscle spindles; cutaneous tactile receptors

Front 18

what type of fibers conduct crude tactile, temperature and pain sensations?

Back 18

A-delta fibers

Front 19

fibers carrying pain and temperature sensations?

Back 19

C fibers

Front 20

which fibers tend to be part of the DC-ML system?

Back 20

A-alpha, A-beta

Front 21

what fibers tend to be part of the anterolateral system?

Back 21

A-delta & C fibers

Front 22

which fibers are most sensitive to pressure, cooling & anoxia?

Back 22

A-alpha & A-beta fibers

therefore, pressure, cooling or anoxia can cut off impulses in these nerves (as with feet falling asleep)

Front 23

which fibers are most sensitive to local anesthetics?

Back 23

A-delta and C fibers

Front 24

cutaneous area of UPPER ARM

DERMATOME?

Back 24

C5

Front 25

cutaneous area of THUMB

Back 25

C6

Front 26

cutaneous area of MIDDLE FINGER

DERMATOME

Back 26

C7

Front 27

cutaneous area of LITTLE FINGER

DERMATOME:

Back 27

C8

Front 28

cutaneous area of NIPPLE

DERMATOME:

Back 28

T4

Front 29

cutaneous are of UMBILICUS

DERMATOME:

Back 29

T10

Front 30

cutaneous are of BIG TOE

DERMATOME:

Back 30

L5

Front 31

cutaneous area of HEEL

DERMATOME:

Back 31

S1

Front 32

cutaneous area of BACK OF THIGH

DERMATOME:

Back 32

S2

Front 33

pathogen causing shingles

Back 33

herpes zoster

Front 34

pathogenesis of shingles

Back 34

viral particles taken up by nerve endings

lie dormant for years

virus reactivated, transported by axo-plasmic transport

erupt on skin as a rash

Front 35

what does shingles follow on skin

Back 35

dermatome

Front 36

2 tell-tale symptoms of shingles

Back 36

rash following a dermatome

hepetic neuralgia

Front 37

rostral to caudal perfusion in the spine is supplied by ____ arteries

Back 37

medullary

(NOT in the medulla!)

Front 38

single, largest medullary artery

Back 38

Artery of Adamkowitz

Front 39

function of Artery of Adamkowitz

Back 39

supplies lumbosacral enlargement

Front 40

damage to Artery of Adamkowitz during surgery can cause

Back 40

ischaemia to lumbosacral enlargement and subsequent loss of innervation to lower limb

Front 41

Nissl stain is used to visualize ____ matter

Back 41

grey matter

(Stains cell bodies only)

Front 42

Weigert stain is used to visualize ____ matter

Back 42

white matter

(stains myelin)

Front 43

which artery supplies most blood to ventral horns of spinal cord?

Back 43

central artery

(Branch of anterior spinal artery)

Front 44

anterior artery syndrome

Back 44

loss of motor funciton

retention of sensory function mediated through dorsal columns

Front 45

3 nuclei of dorsal horn (from dorsal to ventral)

Back 45

posteromarginal nucleus

substantia gelatinosa

nucleus proprius

Front 46

2 nuclei in intermediate zone

Back 46

Clarke's nucleus

intermediolateral nucleus

Front 47

nuclei of ventral horn

Back 47

Somatic motor nuclei

Front 48

only see Clarke's nuceli in what region of the spinal cord?

Back 48

thoracic

Front 49

lamina I corresponds to which nucleus

Back 49

posteromarginal nucleus

Front 50

lamina II corresponds to which nucleus?

Back 50

substantia gelatinosa

Front 51

nucleus proprius corresponds to which laminae?

Back 51

III, IV, V

Front 52

somatic motor nuclei are in lamina ___

Back 52

IX

Front 53

nuclei of intermediate horn are both in lamina ___

Back 53

VII

Front 54

dorsal fasciculus, aka:

Back 54

Tract of Lissauer

Front 55

dorsal fasciculus do not stain well with Weigert stain, meaning they are ____ fibers, or ____ fibers

Back 55

unmyelinated fibers

C fibers (and A-delta fibers)

Front 56

medial division of dorsal root

Back 56

A-alpha and A-beta fibers

exit medial and dorsal to dorsal fasciculus

Front 57

lateral division of dorsal root provides input to which Tract?

Back 57

Lissauer's tract

Front 58

lateral divison has what type of fibers?

Back 58

C fibers, A-delta fibers

Front 59

lateral divison has fibers that mediate what kind of sensation?

Back 59

pain

temperature

Front 60

medial division inputs into which sensory system?

Back 60

DC-ML

Front 61

lateral division inputs into which sensory system

Back 61

anterolateral (AL)

Front 62

somatotopy

Back 62

organization of nuclei that mediate innervation in the same part of the body are clustered together in the grey matter

Front 63

gracile fasciculus is associated with innervation of the _____-

Back 63

lower limbs

Front 64

cuneate fasciculus is associated with innervation of the _____

Back 64

arms

Front 65

posterior intermediate sulcus divides ___ & ____

Back 65

gracile and cuneate fasciculi

Front 66

Is the lateral white matter a one- or two-way highway?

Back 66

TWO- WAY!

(afferent and efferent)

Front 67

anterior white commisure contains which neurons

Back 67

axons of second-order neurons that are part of the anterolateral system

Front 68

lateral somatic nuclei only exist where and where in the spinal cord? why?

Back 68

cervical and lumbosacral enlargements

b/c lateral somatic nuclei innervate the limbs/extremities!

Front 69

2 nuclei found from T1 - L2

Back 69

intermediolateral nuclei

Clarke's nuclei