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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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posterior iris epithelium
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neural ectoderm
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sphincter and dilator muscle of iris
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neural ectoderm
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posterior ciliary epithelium
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neural ectoderm
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retina
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neural ectoderm
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RPE
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neural ectoderm
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Optic nerve fibers and glial
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neural ectoderm
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melanocytes
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neural crest
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parts of the orbit
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neural crest
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orbital septum and tarsal plate
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neural crest
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95% sclera
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neural crest
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secondary corneal stroma and endothelium
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neural crest
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stroma of the uveal tract
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neural crest
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ciliary muscle
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neural crest
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optic nerve meninges
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neural crest
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skin of the eye and derivatives
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surface ectoderm
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conjunctiva
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surface ectoderm
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lacrimal gland
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surface extoderm
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primary corneal stroma
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surface ectoderm
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lens
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surface ectoderm
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mesenchyme
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mesoderm
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striated extraocular muscles
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mesoderm
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circulatory blood elements --> choriocapillaries
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mesoderm
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blood vessels
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mesoderm
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day rostral tube closes
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24
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day caudal closes
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26
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Cause of Retinochoroidal Coloboma
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failure of the inferior fissure to fuse
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Cause of ONH Coloboma
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Fusion of the most proximal part of the fissure
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Cause of Morning Glory/How is it different than Optic Nerve Head?
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Failure to fuse.
- Morning glory tends to be unilateral, and has SEVERE VA effects 20/200. More often seen in women then men. OHN has: an excavation below the optic nerve head and it does not lie within it, it has no glial tissue and normal vasculature Morning glory: optic nerve WITHING excavation and is CENTRAL, it has a glial tissue, weird vasculature, and pigment is present surrounding it |
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Micropthalmia with cyst cause
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defect in closure of the POSTERIOR fetal fissure, overgrowth of RPE and neural retina occur.
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Congential Cystic eye cause
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failure to invaginate the optic cup... fills with glial
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Tilted Disc Syndrome cause
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PARTIAL nonclosure of fissure. Superotemporal optic disc is elevated or swollen, appear longr horizontally then vertically. Accompanied by thinning tissue of fundus and weird blood vessel course
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Cause of Iris coloboma
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ANTERIOR fissure fails to close
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CHPE Congential Hypertrophy of the RPE
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black, flat, round, fundus lesions, may be surrounded by hypopigmente border. Due to INCREASE in RPE size and hyperpigmentation
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Retinoblastoma
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primary eye malignancy in kids. develops from undifferentiated rpe cells. RBI1 gene
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Albinism
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No melanin pigmentation
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Nanopythalmia/pure micropthamus
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marked hyperope
macular hypoplasia late gluacoma. Disruption of optic cup not enlarging properly |
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Congential Cystic eye
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non invagination of priamry optic vesicle
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Reasons why infants eyesight is so bad:
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-Incomplete migration of ganglion and bipolar cells
-TLC remains -Immature cones (cones are short and thick instead of long and thin) create immature macula -Incomplete myelination of axons -Eye not full size -Cells in the lateral geniculate are small |
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Which side is expected to have more damage in regard to vasculature?
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Temporal! It is slower to develop so it will be most effected
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Vascular component of Prelaminar
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choriod vasculature and short posterior ciliaries
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Vascular component of the Laminar
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TRANSVERGE: circle of zihnn. Uses CRA and short posterior cilliares
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Vascular component of the Retrolaminar
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Uses Pial plexus, opthalmic artiers, musclar arteris, central retinal arteries, short posterior artery, and CRA
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Tissue Dvelopment of Ganglion Cell Axons
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Neural ectoderm
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Tissue development of glial support
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neural ectoderm
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Tissue development of connective tissue support
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neural crest
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Tissue development of Blood supply
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MESODERM
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Tissue development of Meninges
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Neural crest
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Myelin
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Neural ectoderm
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Lamina Cribrosa
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Neural crest
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Myelination begins at
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the retrolaminar
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Optic Nerve Hypoplasia arises from
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failure of ganglion cell layer to develop, see small optic nerve head with a double ring of pigment.
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Megalopapilla charactersticis
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larger than 2.1 mm disc
BILATERAL! healthy neural retinal rim |
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Congenital optic pits is due to
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nonfunctional retina that has been pushed through a defect in lamina cribrosa
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Lattice degeneration
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Cigar shaped, RPE clumping
- At periphery retina. |
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PreRetinal Hemorrhage
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Occurs at ILM and nerve fiber before retina, blood pools and makes a D --> see a big blotchy thing. IS red, then yellow
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Dot Blot Hemorrhage
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DEEP layers, occuring inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer. Deep retinal edema. Usually seen in diabetes. Breac can be in CRA. If blood pools between cells it looks like a blot. If it pools between fibers it looks like a dot.
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Flame Shaped Hemorrhage
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Occurs in Nerve fiber layer, sohrt lived. Area of LOCALIZED HYPOXIA. blood in contour of axons.
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SubRetinal Hemorrhage occurs
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At RPE! DESTRUCTIVE destroys photoreceptors.
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Cotton Wool Spots
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Focal infarcts in nerve fiber layer (inner retina layer --> CRA)
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Gray White opacifications in retina due to:
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macula edema, acute iscemia, CRA occlusion, Berlin's edema (can be due to a punch)
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Optic nerve Hypoplasia is due to
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GANGLION CELLS did not develop
See yellowish halo ring bordered by pigment |
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Congenital optic pits is due to
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Nonfunctional retina that has pishe though a defect in the lamina cribrosa
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Meglopapilla
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Disc larger than 2.1 mm
BILATERAL, see cilioretinal artery present healthy neural rim |
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The basement membrane of the ILM is reminscent of the
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basement membrane on the BASAL side of the neural tube
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The basement membrane of the RPE is reminscent of the
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basement membrane of the APICAL side of the neural tube
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Susensory retinal space's boundaries include
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the APICAL surface of retinal pigmented epithelial cells
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Area of brain responsible for visual perception
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Lateral geniculate in thalamus
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Area of brain responisble for control of eye movements
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superior colliculus of midbrain
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Area of brain rsponisble for control of papillary light reflex
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pretectal area of midbrain
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Area of brain responisble for control of diurnal rhythms and hormonal changes
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Suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypoTHALAMUS
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