Neuro Degenerative Disorders

Front 1

What is the pattern of multiple sclerosis called?

It involves? 3

Back 1

Perivascular pattern

Juxtacortical

Periventricular

Corpus callosum

Front 2

What cutoff size of lesion that are unlikely to be vascular in nature?

Back 2

>15 mm

Front 3

What locations make you think less vascular 3 and which are highly vascular in nature 1?

Back 3

Juxtacortical, corpus callosum, infratentorial,

Basal ganglia

Front 4

2 main points in McDonald's criteria ?

Back 4

Dissemination in place more than 1 in at least 2 of these locations ( juxtacortical, periventricular and infratentorial)

Dissemination in time ( active and non active lesions)

Front 5

Commonest subtype of MS ?

Back 5

Relapsing remitting course 85%

Front 6

Most specific site for MS lesions?

Back 6

Calloso-septal Interface 98% specific for MS

Front 7

Differences in involvement of MS in adult and pediatric?

Back 7

Pediatric more infratentorial

Adult supratentorial

Front 8

Most common location of MS in spine ?

Cervical, thoracic and lumbar

Back 8

Cervical spine 65%

Front 9

MS spinal cord lesions tend to be ------- located.

Back 9

Peripherally located

Front 10

Which sequence is most sensitive in detection of MS lesions supra and infratentorial?

Back 10

Supra T2FLAIR ( juxta and periventricular)

Infra T2

Front 11

MR spectroscopy finding in MS ?

Back 11

Reduced NAA peaks within the plaques

Front 12

Active vs non active MS lesions?

Back 12

Active incomplete ring enhancement and diffusion restriction

Front 13

Tumor vs MS lesions?

Back 13

MS incomplete ring enhancement

Tumor complete ring enhancement

Front 14

Sign

Diagnosis

Back 14

Open ring sign

ADEM

Front 15

Findings

Diagnosis

Back 15

Multiple high T2 FLAIR signals in the white matter periventricular and juxtacortical with sparing of callososeptal interface, they show also diffusion restriction

ADEM

Front 16

ADEM stands for

Back 16

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Front 17

Causes of ADEM? 2

Back 17

Viral infection

Post vaccination

Front 18

How ADEM lesions enhances ?

Course of the disease?

Back 18

Nodular open ring enhancement

Disappear after 6 months ( monophasic)

Front 19

What is the fulminant form of ADEM?

Back 19

Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis

( massive brain swelling, hemorrhage and death)

Front 20

What is Devics disease? 2

Other name ?

Back 20

Transverse myelitis and optic neuritis

Neuromyelitis optica

Front 21

Findings

Diagnosis

Back 21

High t2 signal of the left optic nerve and high t2 signal of within the cervical spine

Neuromyelitis optica ( Devics)

Front 22

Marburg variant of MS?

Back 22

Childhood variant that is fulminant leading to death and has febrile prodrome

Front 23

Finding

Diagnosis

Back 23

Multiple high T2 FLAIR signal in the white matter of centrum semiovale and periventricular areas with sparing of U fibers.

Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy

Front 24

What is SAE ?

Other name ?

Back 24

Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy

Multi infarct dementia of white matter only

Binswanger disease

Front 25

SAE

Age of onset

Risk factor

2 radiological features of subcortical artriosclerotic encephalopathy?

Back 25

Involving centrum semiovale

Spares U fibres

Patient > 50 years

HTN

Front 26

If you see features of SAE but in a patient less than 40 years you think of ?

Back 26

Genetically transmitted CADASIL

Front 27

Most common hereditary stroke disorder is ?

Back 27

CADASIL

Front 28

CADASIL stands for ?

2 clinical presentation?

Back 28

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarction and leukoencephalopathy

Migraine and stroke

Front 29

Which chromosome affected in CADASIL?

Back 29

Notch 3 chromosome 19

Front 30

Typical appearance of CADASIL in MRI?

Back 30

Involving U fibres

Multiple high t2 white matter disease of different vascular territories.

Front 31

Commonly and less commonly involved lobes in CADASIL?

Back 31

Common temporal lobe and frontal

Spares occipital lobe

Front 32

Top 3 primary tribes for dementia?

Back 32

1- Alzheimer disease

2- Multi infarcts dementia

3- Lewi body dementia

Front 33

Main three descriptors in Alzheimer disease ?

Back 33

Tauopathy

Amyloid cascade

Neurofibrillary tangles

Front 34

Two main risk factors for Alzheimer disease?

Back 34

Age

Down syndrome

Front 35

Two main MRI finding in Alzheimer disease?

Back 35

Hippocampal atrophy

Temporal horn atrophy > 3mm in 65% of cases

Front 36

FDG pattern in Alzheimer disease ?

Back 36

Low posterior temporo- parietal FDG uptake

Front 37

What other tracer can be use in Alzheimer disease? Why?

Back 37

Pittsburgh compound B ( 11C PiB)

It is amyloid binding tracer

Front 38

Other term for multi infarcts dementia?

Back 38

Vascular dementia

Front 39

Risk factors for vascular dementia ? 4

Back 39

Fatty food

HTN

Smoking

CADASIL

Front 40

MRI features of vascular dementia 2

FDG feature 2

Back 40

Brain atrophy disproportionate to age

Multiple cortical and lacunar infarcts

Variable reduced uptake and it can involve motor strip unlike AD and Lewi body dementia

Front 41

Dementia with Lewi bodies, Pathophysiology terms ? 2

Back 41

Synuclein and alpha synuclein

Front 42

Clinical triad of lewi body dementia?

Back 42

1- visual hallucinations

2- spontaneous parkinsonism

3- fluctuating concentration and alertness

Front 43

How lewi body dementia is different than parkinsons?

Back 43

Parkinsonism comes after dementia

Front 44

MRI features of lewi bodies dementia?2

Back 44

Mild Generalised brain atrophy Hippocampus normal

Front 45

FDG pattern in Lewi bodies dementia?

Back 45

Decreased uptake of the lateral Occipital cortex with sparing of mid posterior cingulate gyrus ( cingulate Island sign)

Front 46

MRI finding in frontotemporal dementia?

Other term for it?

Back 46

Severe symmetrical Atrophy of the frontal lobes

Picks disease

Front 47

FDG uptake in frontotemporal dementia?

Back 47

Low uptake in frontotemporal region

Front 48

Picks disease Age of onset and clinical symptoms?

Back 48

40-50s

Abnormal behaviour

Front 49

First area to be affected by Alzheimer disease ?

Back 49

Posterior cingulate gyrus