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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Basal Ganglia Calcifications
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Birth Anoxia
Idiopathic Radiation Toxoplasmosis/CMV Hyperparathyroidism/Pseudohypo Fahr's disease |
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Thalamic Lesion (Unilateral)
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Lacunar Infarct
Hypertensive hemorrhage Astrocytoma ADEM Venous Infarction |
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Putamen Lesions
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Unilateral VS Bilateral
If Unilateral: HTN Hemorrhage Bilateral: Methanol, Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy, Osmotic Demyelination, Leigh Syndrome |
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Pulvinar Sign (posterior thalami)
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CJD
Fabry's Disease Thalamic Infarction (arch of Percheron) Neoplasm ADEM |
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3 most common spots for giant aneurysms
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ICA
Basilar Tip MCA |
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Intracranial aneurysms most common locations
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AComm - 35%
PComm - 30% MCA - 20% Basilar Tip - 5% |
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Retinoblastomas, where else should you look?
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Pineal gland for a pineoblastoma
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4 stages of brain abscess formation.
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1. early cerebritis
2. late cerebritis 3. early capsule formation 4. late capsule formation |
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T1 hyperintense basal ganglia
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Methemoglobin/Hemorrhage
Calcium and Phosphate disorders Hepatic Failure (due to portosystemic shunting resulting in systemic copper/manganese overload). NF1 Hyperglycemia Hyperalimentation Manganese Copper CO poisoning |
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DAI areas to examine
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White matter
Splenium Corpus Callosum Dorsolateral midbrain/pons |
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Diffuse Dural enhancement
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Intracranial Hypotension (sagging midbrain, pons abutting dorsum sella, inferior hypothalamic displacement)
Meningitis Granulomatous: Sarcoid/TB (usually nodular) Metastases (usually nodular) Meningitis Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis (no cause) Post-operative |
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Superficial Siderosis causes
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Post-operative
Bleeding neoplasm (astrocytoma, ependymoma, oligodendroglioma) AVM/Cavernous malformation |
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BBB Absence
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Choroid Plexus
Pituitary Gland Pineal Gland Tuber Cinereum Area Postrema Dura Pia |
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BBB Present
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Brain Capillary endothelium
Spinal Cord Capillary Endothelium Retina Endoneurium Inner Ear Arachnoid |
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Hypercellular Tumors
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Lymphoma
PNET Medulloblastoma Pineoblastoma Glioblastoma Germinoma Oligodendroglioma |
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Infarct in a Young Adult
(causes) |
Dissection
Drugs (cocaine, amphetamines) Vasculitis FMD |
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Locations for ICA dissection
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carotid bifurcation
skull base supraclinoid ICA |
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Bleeding aneurysm
(determination) |
Proximity to hemorrhage
Largest size Nearby spasm Beaking of aneurysm contour Frank contrast extravasation |
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Multifocal Intraaxial hemorrhage
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Trauma
Metastates Amyloid Angiopathy Vasculitis Venous Infarction |
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Spontaneous Intraaxial Hemorrhage
(young) |
AVM
Aneurysm Drugs: cocaine, amphetamine Neoplasm |
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Spontaneous Intraaxial Hemorrhage
(adult) |
HTN
Amyloid Metastases |
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Intraaxial Hemorrhage
(anyone) |
Trauma
Hypertension Aneurysm AVM, Cavernoma, Capillary Telangiectasia Thromboembolic Venous Infarction Primary Neoplasms Secondary Metastases Amyloid Angiopathy Drug abuse: cocaine, amphetamines Coagulopathies, vasculitis |
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Key locations for HTN hemorrhage
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Putamen, Thalamus, Pons, Cerebellum
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What percentage of people have multiple aneurysms?
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15%
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Location for vertebral artery dissection
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C6
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Venous Sinus Thrombosis
(causes) |
Infection: mastoiditis
Pregnancy Dehydration Sepsis Neoplasm (ie. meningioma of falx) Hypercoaguable states |
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Conditions associated with intracranial aneurysms
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ADPCKD
FMD NF1 Collagen Vascular Disease Marfans, Ehler Danlos AVM |
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Aneurysms in unusual locations
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Mycotic: bacterial endocarditis
Vasculitis: PAN, SLE, Wegener's, Takayasu's AVM Post-traumatic |
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Neonatal Parenchymal Calcifications
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STARCH
Syphillis Toxoplasmosis AIDS Rubella CMV Herpes Simplex 2 |
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T1 Hyperintense Basal Ganglia
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Physiologic Calcification
NF-1 Hypoxia Hemorrhage Wilson's disease Hyperalimentation Hepatic Encephalopathy |
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T2 Hyperintense Basal Ganglia
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Hypoxic Encephalopathy
NF1 CO Poisoning CJD |
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Difference CO and Methanol poisoning
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CO causes hemorrhagic necrosis of Globus Pallidus
Methanol causes decreased attenuation of Putamen |
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Huntingtons disease
(findings) |
Caudate head atrophy
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T1 BRIGHT
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Fat
Subacute blood Melanin Protein Slow Flow Paramagnetic (Gd, Cu, Mn) Calcification Laminar Necrosis |
