Neuro-Cranial Nerves

Front 1

What are the three main functions of the cranial nerves?

Back 1

1. Provide motor and sensory innervation to muscles, skin joints of the head and neck
2. Mediate special senses of vision, hearing, equilibrium, olfaction and taste
3. Mediate afferent autonomic information from and parasympathetic efferent innervation to structures

Front 2

What structures do the cranial nerves mediate efferent autonomic information from and parasympathetic efferent innervation to?

Back 2

-Pupil
-Glands
-Visceral functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, swallowing, coughing and gagging

Front 3

Do CN I and II carry primary sensory fibers?

Back 3

No, they are not 'true nerves'

Front 4

What order neurons are fibers in the olfactory tract?

Back 4

2nd order

Front 5

What order neurons are fibers in the optic nerve?

Back 5

3rd order

Front 6

Which cranial nerves are purely sensory?

Back 6

CN I
CN II
CN VIII

Front 7

Which cranial nerves are purely motor?

Back 7

CN III
CN IV
CN VI
CN XI
CN XII

Front 8

Which cranial nerves are mixed sensory and motor?

Back 8

CN V
CN VII
CN IX
CN X

Front 9

Where are the cell bodies of 1st order neurons for sensory fibers in cranial nerves located?

Back 9

In cranial ganglia that lie outside of the brainstem (similar to DRG of spinal cord)

Front 10

Where are the cell bodies of 2nd order neurons for sensory fibers in cranial nerves located?

Back 10

In the brainstem and grouped in nuclei

Front 11

Where are the cell bodies for motor fibers in cranial nerves located?

Back 11

In the brainstem (in groups called nuclei)

Front 12

Where do axons of motor fibers in cranial nerves travel?

Back 12

Out of the brainstem to innervate the target organ (like motor neurons in the spinal cord

Front 13

Where are motor, sensory and parasympathetic fibers roughly located in the brainstem?

Back 13

Motor=medial
Sensory=lateral
Parasympathetic=in between

Front 14

What are the three kinds of efferent cranial nerve nuclei and fibers?

Back 14

1. Somatic efferent
2. Special somatic efferent
3. Visceral efferent

Front 15

What do somatic efferent nuclei and fibers control?

Back 15

Skeletal muscles (somatic-extraocular and tongue muscles)

Front 16

What do special somatic efferent nuclei and fibers control?

Back 16

-Skeletal muscles
-Branchiomeric-derived from branchial arches (ridges along wall of primitive pharynx that consist of a mesodermal core surrounded by epithelium of endodermal and epidermal origin)
-Facial expression, mastication, neck, larynx, pharynx

Front 17

What do visceral efferent nuclei and fibers control?

Back 17

Autonomic effectors (glands, gut)

Front 18

What are the four kinds of afferent cranial nerve nuclei and fibers?

Back 18

1. Somatic afferent
2. Special somatic afferent
3. Visceral afferent
4. Special visceral afferent

Front 19

What do somatic afferent nuclei and fibers control?

Back 19

Sensory innervation (touch, pain, temperature, proprioception) from muscles, skin, joints of face and neck

Front 20

What do special somatic afferent nuclei and fibers control?

Back 20

Hearing, vision and balance

Front 21

What do visceral afferent nuclei and fibers control?

Back 21

Sensory innervation from visceral organs

Front 22

What do special visceral afferent nuclei and fibers control?

Back 22

Olfaction and taste

Front 23

What are the two most rostral cranial nerves?

Back 23

CN I and II

Front 24

What cranial nerves arise from the brainstem?

Back 24

All but CN I and II

Front 25

What cranial nerves arise from the midbrain?

Back 25

CN III an CN IV

Front 26

At what level do CN III and IV arise from the midbrain?

Back 26

At the level of the superior and inferior colliculus

Front 27

The pons contains what cranial nerves?

Back 27

CN V
CN VI
CN VII
CN VIII

Front 28

The medulla contains what cranial nerves?

Back 28

CN IX
CN X
CN XI
CN XII

Front 29

What is the medial-lateral organization in the spinal cord?

Back 29

-Ventral half is motor
-Dorsal half is sensory
-Autonomic is in the intermedialateral horn, between motor and sensory

Front 30

What is the medial-lateral organization in the spinal cord?

Back 30

From medial to lateral:
-Somatic motor column
-Visceral motor column (corresponding to the spinal autonomic column)
-Sensory column

Front 31

What are the motor and sensory nuclei in the brainstem separated by?

Back 31

The sulcans limitans

Front 32

The nucleus of Edinger Westphal contains what type of fibers? Where do they travel?

Back 32

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers; to the ciliary ganglion situated behind the eye

Front 33

What do the post-ganglionic fivers of the nucleus of Edinger Westphal innervate?

Back 33

-The intrinsic (smooth) muscles behind the eye
-Contraction of ciliary muscle increases curvature of the lens to look at close objects
-Contraction of sphincter pupillae constricts pupil

Front 34

The fibers from the nucleus of Edinger Westphal follow what cranial nerve?

Back 34

The oculomotor nerve

Front 35

The oculomotor nucleus contains what type of fibers? Where do they go?

Back 35

Somatic efferent motor fibers; extraocular muscles

Front 36

The trochlear nucleus contains what type of fibers? Where do they go?

Back 36

Somatic efferent motor fibers; extraocular muscles

Front 37

The trigeminal motor nucleus contains what type of fibers? Where do they go?

Back 37

Special somatic efferent (motor fibers); muscles of mastication

Front 38

What nerve do fibers from the trigeminal motor nucleus follow?

Back 38

The trigeminal nerve

Front 39

The abducens nucleus contains what type of fibers? Where do they go?

Back 39

Somatic efferent (motor fibers); extraocular muscles

Front 40

The facial nucleus contains what type of fibers? Where do they go?

Back 40

Special somatic efferent (motor fibers); muscles of facial expression

Front 41

The superior salivatory nucleus contains what type of fibers?

Back 41

Visceral efferent (preganglionic parasympathetic fibers)

Front 42

The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the superior salivatory nucleus travel on what two paths? Where does each of these paths end up?

Back 42

1. Via greater petrosal branch of the facial nerve
-Pterygopalatine ganglion behind the orbit
-Postganglionic fibers go to lacrimal gland
2. Via the facial and chorda tympani nerve, then traveling with the lingual nerve
-Submandibular region
-Postganglionic fibers to submandibular and sublingual (salivary) glands

Front 43

The inferior salivatory nucleus contains what type of fibers?

Back 43

Visceral efferent

Front 44

Where do fibers from the inferior salivatory nucleus go?

Back 44

-Preganglionic parasympathetic to the otic ganglion (via glossopharyngeal nerve)
-Postganglionic to parotid gland via the auriculotemporal nerve

Front 45

The hypoglossal nucleus contains what type of fibers? Where do they go?

Back 45

Somatic efferent motor fibers to intrinsic striated muscles of the tongue

Front 46

The nucleus ambiguus contains what type of fibers? Where do they go?

Back 46

Special somatic efferent, motor fibers to all striated muscles of the larynx and pharynx

Front 47

Fibers from the nucleus ambiguus travel in which two cranial nerves?

Back 47

The vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves

Front 48

The dorsal motor vagus nucleus contains what type of fibers? Where do they go?

Back 48

Visceral efferent; preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to ganglion that are close to organs (ultimately to heart, esophagus, trachea, abdomen, stomach, small intestine)

Front 49

Fibers from the dorsal motor nucleus cause what specific occurrences in the body?

Back 49

1. Reduce heart rate
2. Constrict bronchii
3. Increase secretions and peristaltic movements in stomach and intestine

Front 50

The accessory nucleus contains what type of fibers? Where do they go?

Back 50

Special somatic efferent; motor fibers to SCM and trapezius muscles

Front 51

For motor and sensory nuclei, fibers from one nuclei can travel in how many cranial nerves?

Back 51

More than one, such as the nucleus ambiguus

Front 52

Fibers in one cranial nerve can arise from how many nuclei?

Back 52

More than one

Front 53

What are the three subdivisions of the sensory trigeminal nucleus?

Back 53

1. Spinal trigeminal nucleus
2. Main trigeminal nucleus
3. Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Front 54

The sensory trigeminal nucleus contains what type of fibers?

Back 54

Somatic afferent

Front 55

The spinal trigeminal nucleus receives information from what?

Back 55

Afferents mediating pain and temperature sensation from the face (A-delta and C fibers)

Front 56

The main trigeminal nucleus receives information from what?

Back 56

Afferents mediating touch and pressure from the skin of the face

Front 57

The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus receives information from what?

Back 57

Afferents mediating information from proprioceptors (muscle spindles, GTOs) from muscles of mastication, facial expression and extraocular muscles

Front 58

The nucleus of the solitary tract contains what type of fibers?

Back 58

Visceral afferent and special visceral afferent

Front 59

Neurons from the nucleus of the solitary tract synapse with what fibers?

Back 59

-Afferents from the viscera and baroreceptors
-Afferents carry the special sense of taste

Front 60

The vestibular nucleus contains what type of fibers? It receives afferents from where?

Back 60

Special somatic afferent; vestibular labyrinth

Front 61

The cochlear nuclei contain what type of fibers? They receive afferents from where?

Back 61

Special somatic afferent; afferents from cochlea that mediate auditory info