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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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This hemisphere function as a non-linear, parellel
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Right
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Like a thermostat (From Neuroskill 1)
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A mechanism that permits the "gain" at a particular synaptic input to be reduced without reducing the efficacy of other synapses that impinge on that neuron
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Presynaptic Inhibition
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Type of inhibition that causes a selective increase in permeability to Ca2+ or Cl–, resulting in a localized hyper-polarization
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Postsynaptic Inhibition
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The NMDA receptor-linked Ca2+ channels open only when both sets of synapses are activated
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Axo-somatic synapses terminate on neuronal cell bodies and tend to be
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Inhibitory
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Axo-dendritic synapses terminate on dendrities or mushroom-shaped "dendritic spines," and tend to be
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Excitatory
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Synapses that terminate on an axon, often close to synaptic terminals, and modulate the release of neurotransmitters
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Axo-axonal
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[presynaptic inhibition]
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Layers I, II and III of the cortex are
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INTERCONNECTING LAYERS
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Layers II, III and IV of the cortex are
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INPUT LAYERS
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Layers V and VI of the cortex are
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OUTPUT LAYERS
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Most excitatory neurons are
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Pyramidal
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These neurons are the output of the cerebral cortex
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Stellate neurons are
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Local circuit neurons
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Interneurons are
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Inhibitory
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All thalamic relays receive a feedback from this layer of the cortex
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6
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Also, local GABAnergic and brainstem inputs
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Retinal inputs to the thalamus are distinguished by
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Thick axons that produces very large terminals and synapses
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For the visual system, this nucleus is first order
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The lateral geniculate nucleus
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The pulvinar is higher order
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For the somatosensory system, this nucleus is first order
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The ventral posterior nucleus
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The posterior nucleus is higher order
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For the auditory system, this nucleus is first order,
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The ventral division of the medial geniculate nucleus
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The dorsal and perhaps medial divisions are higher order
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These pathways are modulators
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Corticocortical pathways
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Brodmann's area 1,2,3
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Primary somato-sensory cortex
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Brodmann's area 4
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Primary motor cortex
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Brodmann's area 8
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Frontal eye field
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Brodmann's area 17
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Primary visual cortex
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Brodmann's area 22
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Superior temporal gyrus
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[Posterior portion is Wernicke’s area]
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Brodmann's area that makes up Wernicke's area
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Areas 22, 39 and 40
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Brodmann's area 41, 42
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Primary auditory association cortex
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Brodmann's area that makes up Broca's area
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Areas 44 and 45
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Pars opecularis and Pars triangularis respectively
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Areas that processes principal word meanings
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Wernicke's area in the dominant hemisphere
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Area that processes and resolves subordinate meanings of ambiguous words
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Area corresponding to Wernicke's area in non-dominant hemisphere
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Areas that are active when attention is required
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Wernicke’s area, the prefrontal and cingulate cortices
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Tones and words activate these areas
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Area 9, the auditory cortex as well as Wernicke’s area and limbic system
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Colors, shapes, faces are identified in these association areas
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Areas18-19
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Pronator drift is a sensitive indicator for a
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Focal Lesion
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