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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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akinetic mutism
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unresponsiveness to the environment; the patient makes no movement or sound but sometimes opens the eyes
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altered level of consciousness
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condition of being less responsive to and aware of environmental stimuli
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autoregulation
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ability of cerebral blood vessels to dilate or constrict to maintain stable cerebral blood flow despite changes in systemic arterial blood pressure
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brain death
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irreversible loss of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem
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coma
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prolonged state of unconsciousness
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craniotomy
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a surgical procedure that involves entry into the cranial vault
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craniectomy
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a surgical procedure that involves removal of a portion of the skull
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Cushing's response
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brain's attempt to restore blood flow by increasing arterial pressure to overcome the increased intracranial pressure
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Cushing's triad
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three classic signs—bradycardia, hypertension, and bradypnea—seen with pressure on the medulla as a result of brain stem herniation
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decerebration
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an abnormal body posture associated with a severe brain injury, characterized by extreme extension of the upper and lower extremities
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decortication
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an abnormal posture associated with severe brain injury, characterized by abnormal flexion of the upper extremities and extension of the lower extremities
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locked-in syndrome
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condition resulting from a lesion in the pons in which the patient lacks all distal motor activity (tetraplegia) but cognition is intact
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Monro-Kellie hypothesis
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theory that states that due to limited space for expansion within the skull, an increase in any one of the cranial contents—brain tissue, blood, or CSF—causes a change in the volume of the others
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persistent vegetative state
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condition in which the patient is wakeful but devoid of conscious content, without cognitive or affective mental function
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primary headache
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a headache for which no specific organic cause can be found
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seizures
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paroxysmal transient disturbance of the brain resulting from a discharge of abnormal electrical activity
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status epilepticus
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episode in which the patient experiences multiple seizure bursts with no recovery time in between
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secondary headache
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headache identified as a symptom of another organic disorder (eg, brain tumor, hypertension)
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