Neuro Chapter 2

Front 1

Denritic projections functions as input or output

Back 1

input units

Front 2

What is a pseudounipolar?

Back 2

A FLASE unipolar they appear to have a single axon but in reality have two axonal roots

Front 3

Give an example of a pseudounipolar.

Back 3

Sensory Neurons

Front 4

What is the specialized funtion of a multipolar cell?

Back 4

They can receive more information (huge amounts of synaptic input) due to the fact that they have multiple dentrites.

Front 5

Give an example of a Multipolar cell.

Back 5

Spinal motor neuron

Front 6

What are 3 major ions that contribute to the electrical potential of the cell membrane in its resting state?

Back 6

1)K+
2)Na+
3)Cl-

Front 7

What is depolarization and Hyperpolarization with respect to resting membrane potential

Back 7

Depolarization: increases possibility that neurons transmit electrical signals (less "-" excitatory)

Hyperpolarization: decreases the neurons ability to generate electrical signal. (MORE "-" Inhibitory)

Front 8

Membrane channel opens when it is bound by the neurotransmitter, what type of membrane channel is it?

Back 8

Ligand-gated Channels: open in response to neurotransmitter binding to the surface of a channel receptor on a postsnaptic cell membrane

Front 9

Define Graded with respect to the generation of local receptor and synaptic potencials

Back 9

Means both the amplitude and the duration of the electrical potential can vary depending on the stimulus.

Front 10

How is the resting membrane potential maintained?

Back 10

The resting membrane is maintain via passive diffusion of ions across the cell membrane and via active transport of NA+,Cl+, K+ PUMPS

Front 11

Why hyperpolarization of a neuronal membrane considered inhibitory?

Back 11

Because it is more "-" it decreases the neurons ability to fire electrical signals

Front 12

Peripheral receptors have what type of ion channels?

Back 12

Modality gated channels

Front 13

List two types of local potential summation that can result in depolarization of the membrane to the threshold level?

Back 13

1) Temporal summation

2) Spatial summation

Front 14

The generation of an action potential requires the influx of what ion?

Back 14

Na+

Front 15

Do large diameter or small diameter axons promote faster conduction velocity of an action potential

Back 15

Larger Diameter axons have faster conduction velocity of an action potential

Front 16

What's so unique about Nodes of Ranvier that promote generation of an action potential

Back 16

it allows ion flow across the membrane by high densities of Na+ channels and K+channels

Front 17

Names tract in the central nervous system.

Back 17

Spinothalamic tract
origin:spinal cord
terminates: in the thalamus

Front 18

True or False : Thicker myelin lead to faster conduction and greater chances fro action potential propagation.

Back 18

True :O)

Front 19

Myelinated axons have small patches that lack myelin are called?

Back 19

Nodes of Ranvier

Front 20

2 types of Glial cells

Back 20

1) Macroglial cell: large

2) Microglial cell: small

Front 21

Macroglial are classified in 3 categories what are they?

Back 21

1) Astrocytes
2) Oligodendrocytes
3) Schwann cells

Front 22

Astrocytes are found in the _________ and act as scavengers, taking up extra___

Back 22

CNS

K+

Front 23

What two cells form a protective covering called the myelin sheath which insulates the axon.

Back 23

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells

Front 24

List 2 ways a glial cell differs from a nerve cell.

Back 24

Glial cell do not have axons or dentrites
Glial cells cannot conduct electrical potential

Front 25

What are four functions of Astrocytes in the mature nervous system?

Back 25

1) Increase or decrease signaling between neurons
2) Clean up ions and transmitters
3) Supply nutrition
4) Protect the CNS by serving as the blood-brain barrier

Front 26

Both Guillain-barre syndrome and Multiple sclerosis are caused by?

Back 26

Demyelination

Front 27

Guillain-barre syndrome

Back 27

PNS
destruction of the Schwann cells

Front 28

Multiple sclerosis

Back 28

CNS
destruction of the Oligodendrocytes

Front 29

Destruction of the Schwann impeades...

Back 29

conduction of electrical signals along the motor and sensory pathways of the PNS

Front 30

In Multiple sclerosis destruction of the oligodendrocytes impedes ....

Back 30

Conduction of electrical signals along the CNS

Front 31

What is the sequence of events following the stimulation of a sensory receptor?

Back 31

1) deformation of receptor membrane
2) generation of receptor potential and action potential
3) propagation of action potential
4) depolarization of the presyanptic membrane
5) release of neurotransmitter
6) Stimulation of receptors on postsynaptic membrane
7) Opening of ion channels
8) Generation of synaptic potential
9) Generation of action potential in the postsynaptic membrane