Neuro Cards

Front 1

autonomic ganglia are what type of cells?

Back 1

multipolar

Front 2

what cells are pseudounipolar cells?

Back 2

spinal and cranial nerve ganglia

Front 3

______are responsible for myelination and begins at age_____ and is complete at age____

Back 3

oligodendrocytes, begins at 4mo after conception, complete at age 2

Front 4

Clinical features:
cardiac septal defects, facial malformations including widely spaced eyes and long philtrum, growth retardation.

Back 4

fetal alcohol syndrome (most common cause of mental retardation).

Front 5

clinical features:
from improper closure of neuropore
has several forms with presentations varying from tufts of hair around back(spinal cord area), meninges that extend out of defective spinal canal, and neural tissue that is visible externally

Back 5

spina bifida

Front 6

what is it called when the neural tissue is visible externally?

Back 6

rachischisis

Front 7

what is it called when the meninges AND spinal cord extend out of the spinal canal

Back 7

meningomyelocele (without spinal cord is called spinal meningocele or spina bifida cystica)

Front 8

hydrocephaly- what is it?

Back 8

accumulation of CSF in ventricles and subarachnoid space

Front 9

how is hydrocephaly caused?

Back 9

by congenital blockage or cerebral aquaducts, CMV, or toxoplasmosis infxn, leading to increased head circumference.
also a non obstructive type which is the failure of csf absorption.

Front 10

dandy walker malformation

Back 10

dilation of the 4ht ventricle, leading to hypoplasia of the cerebellum, failure of foramina of luschka and magendie to open, from riboflavin inhibition, posterior fossa trauma, or viral infxn.

Front 11

failure of the brain to develop, from lack of closure of anterior neuropore, associated with increased maternal a-fetoprotien (AFP), decreased head circumference in neonates.

Back 11

anencephaly

Front 12

herniation of the cerebellar vermis through foramen magnum, hydrocephaly, myelomeningocele

Back 12

arnold-chiari malformation

Front 13

receptors of the symp and parasymp NS:
site of action=smooth muscle, skin and viscera

Back 13

symp= contracts via a1 receptor
para= relax via muscarinic receptor

Front 14

receptors of the symp and parasymp NS:
smooth muscle and skeletal muscle

Back 14

a1, b1 = symp=a1=contract, b1=relax,
muscarinic= parasymp= relax

Front 15

receptors of the symp and parasymp NS:
smooth muscle of the lung

Back 15

b2= symp = relax
muscarinic= parasymp= contract

Front 16

receptors of the symp and parasymp NS:
sm. muscle of gi tract

Back 16

a1 = contract sphincters = symp
b2= relax intest wall

muscarinic= parasymp= contract gi wall and relax sphincters

Front 17

receptors of the symp and parasymp NS:
heart, sa node

Back 17

b1= increase heart rate
musc = para= decrease rate

Front 18

receptors of the symp and parasymp NS:
heart ventricles

Back 18

b1= symp= inc. contractility and contraction velocity
muscarinic= parasymp=small decrease in contractility

Front 19

receptors of the symp and parasymp NS:
eye- iris- radial muscle

Back 19

a1-symp- mydriasis (pupil dilation)
parasymp= n/a= no receptors

Front 20

receptors of the symp and parasymp NS:
eye- ciliary muscle

Back 20

b2- symp- relax
muscarinic- contract= near vision

Front 21

receptors of the symp and parasymp NS:
eye- sphincter muscle

Back 21

no sympathetic inn.

parasymp= muscarinic, miosis (pupil constriction)

Front 22

receptors of the symp and parasymp NS:
bladder

Back 22

symp= b2 relax wall, contract sphincter
para= musc= contract wall,relax sphincter

Front 23

receptors of the symp and parasymp NS:
uterus

Back 23

symp= a1 contract, b2 relax
para= musc= contract

Front 24

receptors of the symp and parasymp NS:
penis

Back 24

a2= ejaculate
muscarinic- para- erection

Front 25

receptors of the symp and parasymp NS:
sweat glands

Back 25

all sympathetic via MUSCARINIC receptors cause secretion.

Front 26

most common cause of cns pathology

Back 26

cerebrovascular disease. = 3rd major cause of death in U.S.

Front 27

botulinum mech of action

Back 27

stops ach release?

Front 28

cocaine and tca MOA

Back 28

stops NE reuptake

Front 29

guanethidine MOA

Back 29

stops NE release

Front 30

reserpine moa

Back 30

stops dopamine conversion to NE