Neuro - Blood Supply

Front 1

List the arteries that branch off the vertebral/basilar arteries from caudal to rostral.

Back 1

PICA (off vertebral) w/anterior spinal arteries joining medially, AICA, pontine arteries, SCA,(CNIII), PCA

Front 2

What supplies the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord?

Back 2

anterior spinal arteries

Front 3

What region does PICA supply?

Back 3

dorsolateral medulla (dorsal to inf olive

Front 4

What region does AICA supply?

Back 4

Inferior cerebellum, cerebellar nuclei, ventrolateral caudal pons

Front 5

What region does SCA supply?

Back 5

dorsal cerebellar hemispheres, sup cerebellar peduncle

Front 6

What region does PCA supply?

Back 6

Major midbrain supplier, thalamus, occipital lobe (including visual cortex and hippocampal formation)

Front 7

What region does ACA supply?

Back 7

medial aspect of frontal and parietal lobes (primary motor and sensory cortex - leg/foot)

Front 8

What region does MCA supply?

Back 8

outer cortical: lateral surface of frontal, parietal, upper temporal lobes

lenticulostriate (deep): internal capsule, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus

Front 9

What is the most common site of aneurysm in the Circle of Willis and what sx does it cause?

Back 9

AComm; bitemporal lower quadrantopia

Front 10

What is the second most common site of aneurysm in the Circle of Willis, and what sx does it cause?

Back 10

PComm; third nerve palsy

Front 11

What are the deficits that result from ACA blockage?

Back 11

contralateral spastic paralysis and anesthesia of lower limb, and frontal lobe abnormalities

Front 12

What deficits result from PCA occlusion?

Back 12

contralateral hemianopia w/macular sparing

Front 13

What deficits result from MCA occlusion?

Back 13

Contralateral spastic paralysis and anesthesia of upper limb/face, GAZE PALSY, aphasia and Gerstmann syndrome if in dominant hemisphere, hemi-inattention and neglect of contralateral body (if in parietal lobe)

Front 14

What syndrome results from anterior spinal artery occlusion?

Back 14

Medial Medullary Syndrome

Front 15

What are the deficits in Medial Medullary Syndrome?

Back 15

Pyramid: contralateral spastic paresis
Medial lemniscus: contralateral loss of touch, pressure, proprioception for body
CN XII: ipsilateral flaccid hemiparalysis of tongue (points toward lesion)

Front 16

What syndrome results from PICA occlusion?

Back 16

Lateral Medullary Syndrome (aka Wallenberg Syndrome)

Front 17

What are the symptoms of Lateral Medullary Syndrome?

Back 17

Inferior cerebellar peduncle: ipsilateral cerebellar signs (dystaxia, dysmetria(past pointing), dysdiadochokinesia(lightbulb))
Vestibular nuclei: vertigo, nystagmus (away from lesion), nausea/vomiting
Nucleus ambiguus (CN IX, X, XI): ipsilateral paralysis of larynx, pharynx, palate -> dysarthria, dysphagia, loss of gag reflex
Spinal Nuc and Tract of V: ipsilateral pain and temperature loss of face
Spinothalamic tracts: ipsilateral pain and temperature loss of body
Descending hypothalamics: ipsilateral Horner's syndrome (ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis, enophthalmos)

Front 18

What syndrome results from AICA occlusion?

Back 18

Lateral Pontine Syndrome

Front 19

What are the symptoms of Lateral (inferior) Pontine Syndrome?

Back 19

Facial nucleus/fibers: ipsilateral facial paralysis; loss of taste (ant 2/3), lacrimation, salivation, and corneal reflex; hyperacusis (acute hearing)
Cochlear nuclei/VIII fibers: ipsilateral hearing loss
Middle cerebellar peduncle: ipsilateral limb/gait dystaxia
Vestibular nuclei: vertigo, nausea/vomiting, nystagmus
Spinal nuc/tract of V: ipsilat pain/temp loss (face)
Spinothalamic tract:
ipsilat pain/temp loss (body)
Descending sympathetics: ipsilateral Horner's syndrome

Front 20

What syndrome results from occlusion of the paramedian branches of the basilar artery?

Back 20

Medial (inferior) Pontine Syndrome

Front 21

What are the sx of Medial (inferior) Pontine Syndrome?

Back 21

Corticospinal tract: contralateral spastic hemiparesis
Medial lemniscus: contralateral loss of touch/press/position sense on body
Fibers of CN VI: ipsilateral lateral rectus paralysis (medial strabismus)

Front 22

Sx of Dorsal Midbrain (Parinaud) Syndrome?

Back 22

(tumor in pineal region)
Superior colliculus/pretectal area: paralysis of upwards (and downwards) gaze, pupillary disturbances, no convergence
Cerebral aqueduct: noncommunicating hydrocephalus

Front 23

What syndrome results from occlusion of branches of PCA?

Back 23

Medial Midbrain (Weber) Syndrome

Front 24

Sx of Medial Midbrain (Weber) Syndrome?

Back 24

Fibers of CN III: ipsilateral oculomotor palsy (down and out, ptosis, fixed and dilated pupil)
Corticospinal tract: Contralateral spastic hemiparesis
Corticobulbar fibers: contralateral spastic hemiparesis of face (forehead spared) (uvula and palate are pulled to normal side, tongue points to weak side)