Neuro Block Iii - Ii

Front 1

Trace the pathway from a vestibular nucleus to the horizontal conjugate deviation?

Back 1

Vestibular nucleus  same side superior rectus (upward torsional eye movement) (superior rectus X inferior oblique)
Posterior semicircular canal  vestibular nucleus  same side superior oblique (downward torsional eye movement) (superior oblique X inferior rectus)
Horizontal or lateral semicircular canal  vestibular nucleus  same side medial rectus (horizontal conjugate deviation) (medial rectus X lateral rectus)

Front 2

Left vestibular nucleus is connected with which nucleus?

Back 2

A shit ton

Front 3

In which direction you see the slow horizontal conjugate deviation when cold water is inserted into the right ear?

Back 3

Slow to the right side.

Front 4

In which direction you see the fast horizontal conjugate deviation when cold water is inserted into the right ear?

Back 4

Left - COWS

Front 5

In which direction the fast and slow horizontal movements of eyes are seen when the cold water is inserted into the left ear?

Back 5

Slow – LEFT Fast - RIGHT

Front 6

In which direction the fast and slow horizontal movements of eyes are seen when the warm water is inserted into the left ear?

Back 6

Slow – RIGHT Fast- LEFT (COWS)

Front 7

Which movement of the caloric test is lost when there is a lesion superior to the level of midbrain?

Back 7

Cold water irrigation has only the slow movement to the side of the irrigated ear and no fast component.

Front 8

What is the response of the left eye in caloric testing when left medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) has a lesion?

Back 8

One of the eyes does not respond during conjugate deviation of eyes

Front 9

What response you see for caloric testing when there is a low brainstem lesion?

Back 9

There is no response of eyes for both warm and cold water irrigation.

Front 10

In which cranial fossa the cerebellum is located?

Back 10

Posterior Cranial Fossa

Front 11

What are the three structures included under the hind brain?

Back 11

Cerebellum, Pons, Medulla oblongata

Front 12

What is the approximate weight of the cerebellum in the adult?

Back 12

150 Grams

Front 13

What are the three parts of the cerebellum?

Back 13

Two cerebellar hemispheres and a median vermis

Front 14

Name the three peduncles of the cerebellum and what do they interconnect?

Back 14

Superior - Connects midbrain with cerebellum
Middle - It connects the pons with the cerebellum
Inferior - It connects the medulla oblongata with the cerebellum

Front 15

What are the three functional zones of the cerebellum?

Back 15

i) vermis and floculonodular lobes
ii) intermediate part (paravermal)
iii) lateral part

Front 16

What is the nucleus of the vermal zone of the cerebellum?

Back 16

Fastigial

Front 17

What is the nucleus of the paravermal zone of the cerebellum?

Back 17

Interpositus

Front 18

What is the nucleus of the lateral zone of the cerebellum?

Back 18

Dentate

Front 19

From which nucleus the uncinate fasciculus begins, through which peduncle it exits and which tracts it modulates and where?

Back 19

Begins in Fastigial Nucleus. Goes through Superior cerebellar peduncle and modulates anterior corticospinal and tectospinal tracts.

Front 20

What are the tracts modulated by the vestibular cerebellum through the fastigial nucleus?

Back 20

i)anterior corticospinal
ii)tectospinal
iii)reticulospinal
vestibulospinal

Front 21

What are the two components of nucleus interpositus?

Back 21

nucleus emboliformis + nucleus globosus

Front 22

What are the two tracts that are modulated by the paravermal zone?

Back 22

lateral corticospinal and rubrospinal tracts.

Front 23

Dentatothalamic tract traverses which peduncle?

Back 23

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Front 24

Trace the cerebellar learning tract from dentate nucleus back to the cerebellar cortex

Back 24

The lateral part of the cerebellar hemisphere dentate nucleussuperior cerebellar pedunclecrosses to the opposite side in the decussation of superior cerebellar pedunclered nucleuscentral tegmental tractinferior olivary nucleus crosses to the opposite sideinferior cerebellar peduncleclimbing fibers of cerebellum

Front 25

Name the four nuclei of the cerebellum

Back 25

Dentate, Emboliform, Globulus, Fastigial

Front 26

Name the three functions of the cerebellum

Back 26

1)Equilibrium (balance)
2)Muscle tone
coordination of fine movements

Front 27

Name three signs of cerebellar disease?

Back 27

Disturbance of posture and equilibrium
Muscular hypotonia
Incordination of movements

Front 28

Which part of the cerebellum is affected in alcoholic cerebellar disease and what are the signs

Back 28

Thiamine deficiency seen in chronic alcoholics causes focal degeneration of vermal and paravermal regions of cerebellum. The degeneration starts in the most anterior part of the anterior lobe and spreads posteriorly, leading to ataxia of the legs and later trunk

Front 29

Where do climbing fibers begin and where do they terminate?

Back 29

From inferior olivary nucleus in medulla to cerebellum

Front 30

What are the tracts which are grouped under mossy fibers?

Back 30

1.Corticoponticereballar fibers (pass through the middle cerebellar peduncle)
2.Dorsal spinocerebellar tract (passes through the inferior cerebellar peduncle)
3.ventral spinocerebellar tract ( passes through the superior cerebellar peduncle)
4.vestibulospinal tract ( passes through the Juxtarestiform body of the inferior cerebellar peduncle)

Front 31

Where do mossy fibers terminate?

Back 31

Granule cells of cerebellum

Front 32

What are the cell bodies present in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex?

Back 32

1.Stellate cells
2.Basket cells

Front 33

Name the different processes of neurons present in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex

Back 33

dendrites of Purkinje cells
axons of granule cells which form parallel fibers

Front 34

Name the cell bodies present in the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex

Back 34

1.Cell bodies of granule cells
2.cell bodies of Golgi cells
3.ascending climbing fibers
4.Mossy fibers
cerebellar glomerulus

Front 35

What is a glomerulus, where is it present? Name all its constituents?

Back 35

Glomerulus is a cluster of dendritic ramifications and axon terminals forming a complex synaptic relationship and is surrounded by a glial sheath. Cerebellar glomerulus is present in the granule cell layer and it contains the following:

1.Excitatory inputs from mossy fibers
2.Inhibitory inputs from Golgi cell axon terminals
granule cell dendrites

Front 36

List all excitatory elements in the cerebellum

Back 36

All the ascending fibers are excitatory

1.Climbing
2.Mossy
Parallel

Front 37

List all inhibitory elements in the cerebellum

Back 37

All the descending fibers of the following cells are inhibitory

1.Stellate
2.Basket
3.Golgi
Purkinje

Front 38

What are the excitatory neurons in the cerebellum?

Back 38

The processes of deep cerebellar nuclei which project outside the cerebellum are all excitatory

Front 39

What are the inhibitory neurons in the cerebellum?

Back 39

1.Stellate
2.Basket
3.Golgi
Purkinje