Neuro Block 3

Front 1

Climbing fibers

Back 1

Purkinje cells, excitatory

Front 2

Purkinje cells

Back 2

Deep cerebellar nuclei, inhibitory

Front 3

Mossy fibers

Back 3

Granule cells, excitatory

Front 4

Granule cells

Back 4

Purkinje cells, excitatory

Basket cells, stellate cells, Golgi cells, excitatory

Front 5

Basket cells

Back 5

Purkinje cells, inhibitory

Front 6

Stellate cells

Back 6

Purkinje cells, inhibitory

Front 7

Golgi cells

Back 7

Granule cells, inhibitory

Front 8

Striatopallidal pathway

Back 8

Direct pathways stimulates movement

Indirect pathway inhibits movement

Front 9

Nigrostriatal pathway

Back 9

Stimulates movement by stimulating direct pathway (D1), inhibiting indirect pathway (D2)

Front 10

Cholinergic pathway

Back 10

Inhibits movement, Huntington's disease

Front 11

Cerebellum: Vestibular system

Back 11

Vestibular system, superior colliculus <-> Vestibulocerebellum

*Controls vestibular inflow, control by cerebellum

Front 12

Dorsal spinocerebellar tract

Back 12

C8-L3 --> Spinocerebellum (ICP)

*Somatic sensation from trunk and legs

Front 13

Cuneocerebellar tract

Back 13

Accessory cuneate nucleus --> Spinocerebellum (ICP)

*Somatic sensation from face and neck

Front 14

Olivocerebellar tract

Back 14

Inferior olivary nucleus --> Spinocerebellum (ICP)

*Contralateral

Front 15

Ventral spinocerebellar tract

Back 15

C8-L3 --> Spinocerebellum

*Monitors integration of descending and peripheral pathways

Front 16

Corticopontocerebellar tract (afferent)

Back 16

Cerebral cortex --> Cerebrocerebellum

*Compares intended v. actual movements

Front 17

Vermis (efferent)

Back 17

Fastigial nucleus --> Thalamus --> Motor/premotor cortexes

Fastigial nucleus --> Brainstem --> Axial, proximal mm.

*Maintains posture

Front 18

Intermediate zone (efferent)

Back 18

Interposed (emboliform, globose nuclei) nucleus --> Thalamus --> Motor/premotor cortex --> CST --> Distal mm.

Interposed nucleus --> Brainstem --> RST --> Distal mm.

*Controls limb movements

Front 19

Lateral zone (DRT tract)

Back 19

Dentate nucleus --> red nucleus --> thalamus --> Motor, premotor cortexes --> CST --> Distal mm.

*Adjusts motor control

Front 20

Lateral zone (CPC tract)

Back 20

Motor premotor cortexes --> CPT --> Pons --> PCT --> Dentate nucleus

*Allows comparison of intended v. actual movements

Front 21

Lateral corticospinal tract

Back 21

Cortex --> Lower motor nn.

*Contralateral (medullary pyramids)
*Innervates distal flexor mm.

Front 22

Rubrospinal tract

Back 22

Red nucleus --> Lower motor nn.

*Contralateral (ventral tegmentum)
*Innervates distal flexor mm.

Front 23

Rubrobulbar tract

Back 23

Red nucleus --> CN V, VII, VIII nuclei

*Contralateral (ventral tegmentum)
*Innervates brainstem nuclei

Front 24

Lateral vestibulospinal tract

Back 24

Vestibular nn, flocculonodular lobe --> Axial extensormm.

*

Front 25

Medial vestibulospinal tract

Back 25

Vestibular nn. --> Descending MLF --> CN XI --> SCM

Vestibular nn. --> PPRF --> CN VI nucleus --> Ascending MLF --> CN III nucleus --> Mm.

*Maintains head position
*Moves eyes together

Front 26

Tectospinal tract

Back 26

Superior colliculus --> Ventral tegmentum --> CN XI --> SCM

Superior colliculus --> MLF -- CN III, VI nuclei

*Contralateral
*Controls head position, eye position

Front 27

Reticulospinal tract

Back 27

Medullary/Lateral RST: Mellow, inhibits postural m.

Pontine/Medial RST: Pumped up, excites postural m.

Front 28

Lateral CST @ cortex

Back 28

Contralateral paresis in area damaged according to motor homunculus

Front 29

Lateral CST @ internal capsule

Back 29

Contralateral hemiplegia

Front 30

Lateral CST @ crus cerebri

Back 30

Weber syndrome

Front 31

Weber's syndrome

Back 31

Infarct of PCA, affects crus cerebri

Causes contralateral paresis/paralysis (CST), CN III palsy

Front 32

Lateral CST @ Medulla

Back 32

Medial medullary syndrome

Front 33

Medial medullary syndrome

Back 33

Infarct of vertebral a., anterior spinal a.

Causes contralateral paresis of arms, leg (not face), loss of fine touch (ML), ipsilateral CN XII palsy

Front 34

Lateral CST @ Cord

Back 34

Ipsilateral spastic paralysis

Front 35

RST @ Cortex, internal capsule

Back 35

Decorticate posturing, UL flexed, LL extended

Front 36

RST @ red nucleus

Back 36

Benedikt's syndrome

Front 37

Benedikt's syndrome

Back 37

Contralateral tremors (as intermediate zone fibers go through RST), ipsilateral CN III palsy

Front 38

RST @ lower brainstem

Back 38

Decerebrate posturing, UL, LL extended

Front 39

LVST Lesion

Back 39

Fall towards injured side

Lateral medullary syndrome

Front 40

Lateral medullary syndrome

Back 40

Due to infarct of vertebral a. or PICA

Causes ipsilateral dysphagia, dysarthria, reduced gag reflex, loss of pain/temp in face, vertigo

Front 41

MVST Lesion

Back 41

Peripheral CN III, VI palsies

Nuclear lesion prevents eye from turning towards lesion (inhibition of LR on one side, MR on other side)

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia

Front 42

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia

Back 42

Can't adduct eye

e.g. Can't adduct right eye, i.e. look left, due to lesion of right MLF

Front 43

Tectospinal tract lesion

Back 43

Perinaud's disease

Front 44

Perinaud's disease

Back 44

Damage to superior colliculus/posterior comissure in RST due to hydrocephalus, pineal gland tumor

Can't look up

Front 45

Corticobulbar tract @UMN

Back 45

Pseudobulbar palsy, weakness, hyperreflexia

Front 46

Corticobulbar tract @LMN

Back 46

Bulbar palsy, atrophy of m., fasciculations

Front 47

Corticobular tract @CN VII UMN

Back 47

Contralateral lower half of face paralyzed

Front 48

Corticobulbar tract @CN VII LMN

Back 48

Bell's Palsy

Front 49

Corticobulbar tract @CN XII UMN

Back 49

Unable to turn tongue in contralateral direction, i.e. right tract lesion prevents turning tongue to left

Front 50

Corticobulbar tract @CN XII LMN

Back 50

Unable to turn tongue in ipsilateral direction, i.e. right CN XII lesion prevents turning tongue to right