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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Types of Joint Receptors
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Type I: Ruffini
Type II: Large pacinian-type cluster Type III: Ligament Receptor Type IVa: Plexiform lattice-like receptor Type IVb: free nerve endings |
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Type I: Ruffini
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- slowly adapting
- superficial capsule - posture, motion, muscle tension |
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Type II: Large Pacinian-type
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- rapidly adapting
- deep capsule - active and passive MOTION of a jt |
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Type III: Ligament Receptor
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- surface of jt ligaments
- extremes of joint motion - slowly adapting |
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Type IVa: Plexiform-lattice like
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- A-delta
- entire thickness of joint capsule - nociceptor |
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Type IVb: free nerve endings
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- joint capsules, ligaments, fat pads
- dull aching or burning sensation |
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Cutaneous Receptors
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Superficial:
- Meissner's Corpuscles - Merkel's disk - Hair follicle receptors Deep: - Pacinian corpuscles - Ruffini's corpuscles |
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Meissner's corpuscles
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- hairless skin
- rapidly adapting - stroking, fluttering across skin |
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Merkel's Disks
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- hairy skin
- very superficial - slowly adapting - pressure of an object on skin |
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Hair follicle receptors
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- rapidly adapting
- hairy skin - movement of hair |
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Pacinian corpuscles
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- rapidly adapting
- hairy and hairless skin - deeper touch and vibration |
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Ruffini's corpuscles
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- slowly adapting
- stretching of the skin - detects object edges - hairy and hairless |
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Four factors that affect TVR
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1. muscle length (longer - better)
2. paramaters of vibration (higher amplitude and frequency - better) 3. CNS excitability 4. vibration on muscle belly |
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Muscle spindle senses
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1. changes in length
2. changes in velocity |
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Afferent input into spinal cord (muscle spindles)
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Ia dynamic (phasic): quick stretch/velocity
Ia static (tonic): maintained stretch in submaximal range II flowerspray: mostly tonic changes in length |
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three motor effects of TVR
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1. inhibition
2. suppress DTR 3. contraction |
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abnormal synergy
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when two movements are synergized that shouldn't be
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cocontraction
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used for stability but abnormal when it gets in the way of movement (spastic cerebral palsy)
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hyperreflexia
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excessive phasic or tonic reflex response
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muscle contracture
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adaptive shortening of muscle
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muscel hyperstiffness
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excessive resistance to muscle stretch
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muscle overactivity
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muscle contraction is excessive for the task
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muscle tone
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amount of tension in resting muscle
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myoplastic hyperstiffness
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excessive resistance to muscle stretch secondary to UMN lesion
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paresis
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decreased ability to generate required force
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Spasticity
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velocity-dependent increase in muscle stretch, UMN syndrome
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Hypothesis for Spasticity
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1. increase in AMN excitability
2. changes in set point of stretch reflex mechanism 3. increased GMN causes muscle spindle to be more sensitive |
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Rigidity: 2 types
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1. lead pipe rigidity
2. cog wheel rigidity |
