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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Speech vs Language
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Speech is the motor aspect/mechanical creation of sound so disturbances causes dysarthria (muscle problem)
- Language is the comprehension and use of speech to express meaning and disturbances causes dysphasia (cortical phenomenon) |
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Broca's vs Wernicke's area
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Broca= expressive functions
Wernicke= language and comprehension |
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What is the main blood supply to the language areas?
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MCA
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What is conduction aphagia?
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Comprehend with good output, decrease in repitition
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What is global aphagia?
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All language is impaired
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What are teh 2 types of non-parasylvian aphasias?
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1. anomic
2. transcortical |
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What is anomic aphagia?
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- impaired naming due to disconnect btw occipital to language area at occipito temporal junction
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What is transcortical/isolation aphagia? (2 types)
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- separation of speech center from other areas
1) Sensory- decrease naming and comprehension with lesion posterior to wernicke 2. motor: decrease in spontaneous speech with lesion anterior to Broca |
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Bitemporal vision indicates a lesion in?
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optic chiasm
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Bilateral homonopsia indicates lesion in?
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- posterior chiasm
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Unilateral vision indicates lesion?
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- eye, retina, optic nerve
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Pie shape vision indicates lesion?
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- on the floor= dorsal optic radiation
- in the sky= ventral optic radiation |
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Anton's syndrome
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- bilateral occipital lesion that causes complete cortical blindness but unaware
- pupillary light responses are kept |
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Describe Alexia without Agraphia
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Lesion: dominant occipital and deep white areas
Causes: homonymous hemianopia (in contralateral to dominant lobe) so cannot read b/c disconnect from non-dominant visual cortex to language (corpus collosum damage) - Can still write |
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Describe overall problems with Occipital Parietal Junction lesions
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- problems with tasks that combine vision with spatial information
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What are teh 7 occipital parietal junction lesions we discussed?
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1. alexia (trouble reading)
2. prosopagnosia 3. constructional apraxia (can't copy design) 4. Balint's (bilateral) 5. Visual Neglect: ignore visual stimuli from 1 side 6. visual extinction (ignore one side if other has stimulation) |
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Describe Balint's Syndrome
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Occipital Parietal Junction lesion
Causes 1. simultagnosia 2. optic apraxia (can't move eyes to target) 3. optic ataxia (can't reach target) |
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Causes of Anosmia (olfaction)~ 4
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1. Nasal conjestion
2. head trauma (avulsion of nerves at cribiform plate) 3. degenerative disease (Alzheimers) 4. Hyperosmia/parosmia (strong smell before seizure) |
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2 types of Deafness
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1. conduction (infection, otosclerosis, drugs, Meniere's)
2. nerve/retrocochlear defect (tumor, stroke, demyelination, congenital, infection, inflammatory) |
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What are the 2 parallel somatosensory systems and their location.
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1. vibratory/;proprioception (dorsal)
2. pain and temp (anterolateral) |
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Lesoins in association areas causes?
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agnosias (unawareness)
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What are the 4 types of general agnosias we discussed?
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1. visual (can't recognize an object)
2. Neglect/body Agnosia (can't recognize part as self) 3. Gerstmann's (mainly in parietal lobe) 4. Anosognosia (failure to recognize defect often in right hemisphere) |
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Describe Gerstmann's agnosia
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1. finger
2. right/left differentiation 3. acalculia 4. agraphia |
