Neuro - 4 - Cranial Nerves

Front 1

What are the 7 modalities of the cranial nerve

Back 1

GSA
GVA
GSE
GVE
SSA
SVA
SVE

Front 2

GSA

Back 2

General Somatic Afferents

Includes pain, temp, touch, pressure from skin, muscles, joints

Cell bodies originate in DRG

Includes:
CN V:
1-Sensation from forehead, eyelids, eyes
2- Sensation from mid-face
3- Sensation from lower face and muscles of mastication, TMJ

CN VII: Sensations from External auditory canal and Facial muscles

CN IX: Sensations from External audiitory canal, medial Tympanic Membrane and Posterior Tongue

CN X: Sensations from External auditory canal, pharynx, larynx, trachea

Front 3

GVA

Back 3

General Visceral Afferents

sensations from the viscera that you are not aware of

Cell bodies originate in DRG

Includes:
CN VII: Sensations from Eustachian Tube

CN IX: Sensations from chemoreceptors and baroreceptors in Carotid Body

CN X: Sensations from chemoreceptors and baroreceptors in Aortic Sinus

Front 4

GSE

Back 4

General Somatic Efferents

voluntary motor innervation to skeletal muscles derived from cranial somites

Cell bodies originate in ventral horn

CN III: Motor to extraocular eye muscle

CN IV: Motor to extraocular eye muscle

CN VI: Motor to extraocular eye muscle

CN XI: Motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

CN XII: Motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (except palatoglossus)

Front 5

GVE

Back 5

General Visceral Efferents

involuntary parasympathetic innervation to viscera

Includes:
CN III: Pupil Constriction (Ciliary Ganglion)

CN VII: Lacrimal gland (Pterygopalatine Ganglion) and Submandibular gland (Submandibular Ganglion)

CN IX: Parotid salivary gland (Otic Ganglion)

CN X: Abdominocardiothoracic viscera (Unnamed Ganglion)

Front 6

SSA

Back 6

Special Somatic Afferents

special body sensations that you are aware of

CN II: Sense of Vision

CN VIII: Sense of Hearing and Balance

Front 7

SVA

Back 7

Special Visceral Afferents

visceral sensations that you ARE aware of

CN I: Smell

CN VII: Taste to Anterior 2/3 of Tongue

CN IX: Taste to Posterior 2/3 of Tongue

CN X: Taste to epiglottis

Front 8

SVE

Back 8

Special Visceral Efferents

Motor innervation to straited muscles of pharyngeal arches

CN V: Motor to muscles of mastication

CN VII: Motor to muscles of facial expression

CN IX: Motor to stylopharyngeus muscle

CN X: Motor to pharyngeal, external laryngeal and esopohgeal muscle

CN XI: Motor to soft palate and intrinsic muscles of larynx

Front 9

CN I

Back 9

Olfactory Nerve
SVA
Originates in Telencephalon (not brainstem)

Only nerve that bypasses thalamus

Only has 2 neurons on ascending sensory pathway (instead of 3)

Front 10

CN II

Back 10

Optic Nerve
SSA
Originates in Diencephalon (not brainstem)

Front 11

Which CN are the only ones that don't originate in brainstem

Back 11

CN I originates in Telencephalon

CN II originates in Diencephalon

Front 12

What is the only CN that bypasses the thalamus

Back 12

CN I

Front 13

What is the only CN that has 2 neurons in ascending sensory pathway

Back 13

CN I

Front 14

CN III

Back 14

Oculomotor Nerve

Originates in Midbrain

GSE:
Motor to:
Medial Rectus
Inferior Rectus
Superior Rectus
Inferior Oblique
Levator Palpebrae Superioris

GVE (Ciliary Ganglion)
Parasympathetic to:
Sphincter pupillae
Ciliary Muscle

Front 15

CN IV

Back 15

Trochlear N

Originates in Midbrain

GSE
Motor to:
Superior Oblique

Only CN to have LMN decussation

Only motor nerve that exists brainstem dorsally

Front 16

What CN has LMN decussation

Back 16

CN IV

Front 17

What CN exists brainstem dorsally

Back 17

CN IV

Exits dorsal surface of Midbrain then wraps around to ventral surface

Front 18

CN V

Back 18

Trigeminal N

Originates in Pons

GSA
Sensory from Head and Neck
1- Upper eyelids to scalp
2- Lower eyelids to Upper lip
3- Lower lip to mandible, muscles of mastication, TMJ

SVE
Motor to muscles of mastication
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial/Lateral Pterygoid
Tensor Tympani
Tensor Veli Palatini
Anterior Digastric
Mylohyoid

Front 19

CN VI

Back 19

Abducent N

Originates in Pons

GSE
Motor to Lateral Rectus

Front 20

CN VII

Back 20

Facial N

Originates in Pons

GSA
Sensations from muscles of facial expression
Tympanic membrane
External acoutic meatus
Skin behind pinna

GVA
Sensory from Eustachian Tube

SVA
Taste from Anterior 2/3 of Tongue

SVE
Motor to Muscles of Facial Expression
Stapedius
Posterior Digastric
Stylohyoid

GVE
Parasympathetics to:
Lacrimal gland (Pterygopalatine Ganglion)
Submandibular gland (Submandibular Ganglion)

Front 21

CN VIII

Back 21

Vestibulocochlear N

Originates in Pons

Nuclei is most dorsally located in Alar Plate

SSA
Sensations of Hearing and Balance

Front 22

CN IX

Back 22

Glossopharyngeal N

Originates in Medulla

GSA
Sensation from Posterior 1/3 of Tongue, Oropharynx

GVA
Sensation from Carotid Bodies

SVA
Taste from Posterior 1/3 of Tongue

SVE
Motor to Stylopharyngeus

GVE
Parasympathetics to:
Parotid gland (Otic Ganglion)

Front 23

CN X

Back 23

Vagus

Originates in Medulla

GSA
Sensation from external auditory canal, pharynx, larynx

GVA
Sensations from Aortic Bodies

SVA
Taste from Epiglottis

SVE
Motor to:
Pharyngeal M
External Laryngeal M
Esophageal M

GVE
Parasympathetics to:
Abdominocardiothoracic viscera (Unnamed Ganglion)

Front 24

CN XI

Back 24

Accessory N

Originates in Medulla

GSE (Spinal Portion)
Motor to Stenocleidomastoid and Trapzius

SVE
Motor to soft palate
Intrinsic muscles of larynx

Front 25

CN XII

Back 25

Hypoglossal N

Originates in Medulla

GSE
Motor to:
Intrinsic and Extrinsic muscles of tongue (except palatoglossus

Nuclei is most ventrally located in Basal Plate

Front 26

Route of CN I

Back 26

-olfactory trigone
-olfactory tract
-anterior fossa
-olfactory bulbs
-perforations in Cribiform Plate
-nasal cavity

Front 27

Route of CN II

Back 27

-lateral geniculate body
-R&L optic tracts
-fibers cross at optic chiasma
-R&L optic nerves
-Optic Foramen
-orbit

Front 28

Route of CN III

Back 28

-interpeduncular fossa
-lateral cavernous sinus
-Superior Orbital Fissure
-orbit

Front 29

Route of CN IV

Back 29

-dorsal surface of Medulla
-wraps around underneath
-runs anteriorly
-cavernous sinus
-Superior Orbital Fissure
-orbit

Front 30

Route of CN V

Back 30

V1 Ophthalmic:
cave
-lateral cavernous sinus
-Superior Orbital Fissure
-orbit

V2 Maxillary:
cave
-lateral cavernous sinus
-Foramen Rotundum
-pterygopalatine fossa

V3 Mandibular:
cave
-Foramen Ovale
-infratemporal fossa

Front 31

Route of CN VI

Back 31

Clivus
-petrous temporal ridge
-cavernous sinus
-Superior Orbital Fissure

Front 32

Route of CN VII

Back 32

Internal Auditory Meatus
-petrous temporal bone
-facial canal
-Stylomastoid Foramen

Front 33

Route of CN VIII

Back 33

Internal Auditory Meatus
-petrous temporal bone
-cochlea & semicircular canals

Front 34

Route of CN IX

Back 34

behind Olive
-Jugular Foramen

Front 35

Route of CN X

Back 35

behind Olive
-Jugular Foramen

Front 36

Route of CN XI

Back 36

Cranial portion:
-behind Olive, below Vagus fibers
-joins spinal portion
-split off to join Vagus
-Jugular Foramen

Spinal portion:
-spinal cord segments C1-C5
-ascends to join the cranial portion
-Jugular Foramen

Front 37

Route of CN XII

Back 37

-between Olive & Pyramid
-Hypoglossal Canal

Front 38

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Back 38

GVE
Parasympathetic Nucleus of CN III

Located in Midbrain

Connected to Ciliary Ganglion

Front 39

Ciliary Ganglion

Back 39

GVE
Parasympathetic Ganglion of CN III

Connects to Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Motor to Ciliary Muscles

Front 40

Chief Sensory Nucleus of V

Back 40

GSA

Nucleus found in pons

Connects to VPM of thalamus

Front 41

Geniculate Ganglion

Back 41

GSA
CN VII

Connects to Trigeminal Sensory Nucleus for touch

Connects to Trigeminal Spinal Nucleus for pain and temp

GVA
Connects to Nucleus Solitarius

Front 42

Trigeminal Spinal Nucleus

Back 42

CN VII
GSA

Sensory of pain and temp

Connects to VPM of thalamus

Front 43

Nucleus Solitarius

Back 43

GVA and SVA

Connected to Glossopharyngeal Inferior ganglion, Vagus Inferior Ganglion, Geniculate Ganglion

Synapses in VPM of thalamus

Front 44

Superior Salivatory Nucleus

Back 44

GVE
Parasympathetic of CN VII

Connects to Pterygopalatine Ganglion and Submandibular Ganglion

Front 45

Pterygopalatine Ganglion

Back 45

Parasympathetic of CN VII

Connected to Superior Salivatory Nucleus

Motor to Lacrimal gland

Front 46

Submandibular Ganglion

Back 46

Parasympathetic of CN VII

Connected to Superior Salivatory Nucleus

Motor to Submandibular glands

Front 47

Inferior salivatory nucleus

Back 47

GVE
Parasympathetic of CN IX

Connects to Otic Ganglion

Front 48

Otic Ganglion

Back 48

GVE
Parasympathetic of CN IX

Connects to Inferior salivatory nucleus

Motor to Parotid Gland

Front 49

Nucleus ambiguus

Back 49

SVE
CN IX, X, XI

Motor to branchiometric muscles

Front 50

dorsal motor nucleus of Vagus

Back 50

GVE
Parasympathetic of CN X

Connects to Unnamed ganglia of abdominal viscera

Front 51

Mesencephalic nucleus

Back 51

GSA
Proprioceptive nucleus of CN V3

Connects to Trigeminal Sensory Nucleus

Front 52

Trigeminal Ganglion

Back 52

GSA

Receives sensory for CN V and projects to Trigeminal Sensory Nucleus in brainstem

Front 53

Superior colliculus

Back 53

role in visual system for reflexes

superior colliculus goes to spinal to help make adjustments in motor system to compensate for changes in head position and what eyes see
cord

Front 54

Inferior colliculus

Back 54

part of the auditory system

Helps make adjustments in motor system to move to compensate for what is heard

Front 55

Short Ciliary Nerve

Back 55

CN III GVE

Comes from Ciliary Ganglion

Innervates pupil constriction and less accomodation

Front 56

Chorda Tympani Nerve

Back 56

CN VII GVE

Comes from Submandibular Ganglion

Innervates Submandibular and Sublingual Salivary glands

Also carries SVA from anterior 2/3 of Tongue

Front 57

Greater Petrosal Nerve

Back 57

CN VII GVE

Comes from Pterygopalatine Ganglion

Innervates Lacrimal Gland

Also carries SVA from soft palate

Front 58

Lesser Petrosal Nerve

Back 58

CN IX GVE

Comes from Otic Ganglion

Innervates Parotid Gland