Neuro 34 Basal Nuclei Anatomy

Front 1

the BN gets info from where? where does it send info to?

Back 1

from motor cortex (parietal, premotor supplementary etc) and sends it to the thalamus

Front 2

where is the caudate located

Back 2

in the wall of the lateral ventrical medial to int capsule

Front 3

what 2 parts of the BN stain similiar

Back 3

caudate (medial)
putamen (lateral)

Front 4

is the GP located more ant or post

Back 4

post

stains darker than the putamen/caudate

**seen when the caudate is small. locatedlateral to the Int Cap (post limb)

Front 5

if we see caudate are we ant or post, what about thalamus

Back 5

caudate: ant
Thalamus: post

Front 6

what fibers are located in the post limb of int capsule

Back 6

ascending somatosensory
descending corticospinal

Front 7

what is in the wall of the lateral ventricle

Back 7

caudate

Front 8

in a gross speciman how can you ID GP and putamen

Back 8

putamen is darker

Front 9

technically speaking what structures make up the basal nuclei

Back 9

1. dorsal basal nuclei (corpus striatum: caudate+putamen+GP)

2. Ventral basal nuclei (ventral striatum and ventral pallidum: nucleus accumbens and substantial innominata respectively)

Front 10

so if the BN technically is made of the dorsal and ventral BN, what are the putamen, caudate, adn GP

Back 10

they are the dorsal BN aka corpus striatum

Front 11

what are the 2 terms used to describe the putamen, caudate, and GP

Back 11

1. Dorsal BN
2. corpus striatum

Front 12

what is the lenticular nucleus

Back 12

putamen
GP

**anatomical subdivision

Front 13

so the lenticular nucleus is an anatomical relationship of hte putamen and GP. what is the term that relates 2 of hte 3 BN FUNCTIONALLY

Back 13

caudate and putamen
Striatum

**in this instance the GP is then called hte pallidum

Front 14

what is it called when the putamen and GP are referred to as a single unit based in location

Back 14

lenticular nucleus

Front 15

what is it called when you categorize the 3 parts of the BN FUNCTIONALLY

Back 15

1. Striatum: caudate nad putamen

2. Pallidum: GP

Front 16

what is the nucleus accumbens

Back 16

its the bottom part of the BN, connects the caudate nad putamen inferiorly

**its part of the ventral BN

Front 17

what are the 2 anatomical divisions of the bn

what about the functional

Back 17

1. Lenticular Nucleus: GP and Put
2. Caudate Nucleus

FUNCTIONAL
1. Striatum: caudate nad putamen
2. GP

Front 18

what is the main affernet input to the BN

efferent output

Back 18

1. cerebral cortex

2. thalamus (VA/VL)

Front 19

what is the primary fx of the BN

Back 19

control of learned stereotyped movements

Front 20

the ____ and the ____ are the main inputs to the VA and VL

Back 20

cerebellum (more VL)
BN (more VA)

Front 21

if we see GP are we ant or post, what else might we see

Back 21

post

*thalamus
*small caudate

Front 22

the medial division of the BN is what? lateral?

Back 22

caudate nucleus
lenticular nucleus (GP and put)

Front 23

what are the 2 parts of the substantia nuagra

Back 23

1. Pars Compacta: posterior, darker in gross. Melanin, Dopamine

2. Pars reticulata

Front 24

what is another word for the nuclus accumbens

Back 24

ventral striatum

Front 25

what are the pars compacta, pars reticulata

Back 25

parts of hte substantia niagra seen in the midbrain

**compacta is post and is dark in gross due to melanin. uses dop as NT

**reticular: more anteior part

Front 26

is the subthalamic nucleus medial or lateral to the internal capsule

Back 26

medial/inferior

Front 27

what part of the midbrain has lots of cell bodies with melanin and uses dopamine as NT

Back 27

pars compacts

postiero part of the sub niagra

**anteiror is pars reticlata

Front 28

what strustures are supplied but the lenticulostriate a? what is it a branch os

Back 28

MCA

GP
Putamen
caudate nucleus
post limb of int capsule

**ant perforated substance

Front 29

the ant perforated substance is from what A puncturing the brainstem to supply what structures

Back 29

**lenticulostriate, branches of MCA
1. post limb of int capsule
2. caudate (head)
3. putamen
4. GP

Front 30

what does the medial striate supply., what is it a branch of

Back 30

head of caudate
ACA

**caudate head is medial striate, caudate body is lenticulostriate. tail is the lenticulostriate

Front 31

what is the Blood Supply to the caudate

Back 31

Head: medial striate
Body: lenticulostriate
tail: anterior choroidal

Front 32

the lenticulostriate, medial choroidal and anterior choroidal all provide blood to what individual structure

Back 32

caudate

Head: medial striate
Body: lenticulostriate
Tail: Anterior choroidal

Front 33

what supplies hte tail of the caudate, what does htis come from

Back 33

anteior choroidal

**from ICA

Front 34

what is teh strialtal complez

Back 34

caudate
putamen
nucleus accumbens

recall the striaum is the caudate and putamun (corpus striatum is caudate, GP and putamen)

Front 35

what are the afferent inputs to the striatal complex? efferent

Back 35

cerebral cortex
substantia niagra

EFFERENT:
GP (in both external and interal reginos of GP)

Front 36

what are the neurons that are found in the striatal complex? do they fire often basally? what NT

Back 36

medium spiny neurons
low basal level, GABA

**the dentrites stay in either the striosome or matrix, dont overlap

Front 37

will the dendrites of medium spiny neurons be found in a location of the striatum outside of where their cell body is

Back 37

nope, they respect the boundaries of the patch adn matrix components

Front 38

what are the 2 areas located within the striatal complex

Back 38

1. striosomes (patches) little AchE

2. Matrix: lots of AchE

Front 39

what makes up the pallidal complex

Back 39

GP and substantia innominata

Front 40

what neurons are in the striatal complex, what about pallidal

Back 40

Striatal: medium spiny, low basal fire rate, GABA

Pallidal: efferent, HIGH basal fire rate, GABA "tonic inhibition"

Front 41

is the striatal or pallidal complex said to have tonic inhibition

Back 41

pallidum, the effernt neurons have a high level of basal ap with GABA

**the spiny ones in striatum ahve low basal level

Front 42

so the afferents into the striatal complex were cortex and sub niagra? what are the efferents into the pallidal complex?

Back 42

striatum adn subthalamic nucleus

**the striatum projects into the GP (the efferent of the striatum is the affernent of the pallidal)

Front 43

what are the efferents from the pallidal complex

Back 43

thalamis

**same for the striatal complex

Front 44

are the afferents or efferents the same for striatal or pallidal colmplexes

Back 44

efferent to the thalamus same for both

Afferent:
StriatumL cortex and sub niagra
pallidum: striatum, subthalamic nuclesu

Front 45

when we say that the palladal complex has a high basal fire rate what fibers are we actually talkign about

Back 45

the efferents to the thalamis

**tonic inhibition of the thalamus

Front 46

is the external GP an input or output? internal?

Back 46

??????????????

ext efferent to subthalamus
internal afferents from subthalamus

Front 47

is the direct path excitatory or inhibitory? does it enter the internal or external GP? what about the indirect path

Back 47

DIRECT:
Excitatory
Internal

INDIRECT:
inhibitory
external
**detour through the subthalamic nucleus

Front 48

we know that the efferent neurons of the pallidal complex have a high fire rate with GABA and so are tonic inhibitors, what are the 2 specific names and what do they become

Back 48

ansa lenticularis, ant
lenticular fasciculus, post

**join to form the thalamic fasciculus and terminate in the VA and VL of thalamus

Front 49

is the ansa or the lenticular more anterior

Back 49

anteiror

**medial to the int capsule they form together to form the thalamic fasciculus, both terminate in Va/VL nuclei

Front 50

what layer of the GP is the ansa lenticularis

Back 50

internal

**so does this mean it is part of the direct pathway because ot goes from teh internal GP to the thalamus

Front 51

what layer of the GP is the lenticular fasciculus? where does the lenticular fasciculus project from here

Back 51

the external GP

**from teh GP as it is on the medial side of the internal capsule it will join the lenticular fasciculus to form the thalamic fasciculus and go to the VA and VL

Front 52

the thalamic fasciculus is what?

Back 52

combo of ansa lenticularis and lenticular fasciculus

**efferent nerve fibers that project to the thalamus

Front 53

what is the zona inserta

Back 53

the light staingin area btwm the lenticular fasciculus nad thalamic fasciculuc

Front 54

what light staining structure is found infereior to the lenticular fasciculus

Back 54

subthalamic nucleus

Front 55

what is teh basic loop of info btwn cortex and BN? what are 5 loops

Back 55

cortex--> BN --> thalamus --> cortex

1. motor: face/limb
2. Oculomotor: eye movement
3. limbic: emotion/behavior
4. dorsolateral prefrontal: cognitive
5. lateral orbitofrontal: cognitive

Front 56

what are the 5 parallel basal nuclei circuts

Back 56

1. motor: face/limb
2. oculomotor: eye move
3. limbic: emotion
4. dorsolateral prefrontal: cognitive
5. lateral orbitofrontal: cognitive