Neuro 32: Cerebellum

Front 1

Describe the blood supply to the cerebellum

Back 1

superior cerebellar, PICA, AICA

Front 2

What is the function of the flocculonodular lobe

Back 2

Forms the vestibulocerebellum, control of equilibrium, balance, and eye movements (VOR)

Front 3

What is the function of the vermis

Back 3

part of the spinocerebellum, control of axial and proximal limb movements

Front 4

What is the function of the intermediate one of the cerebellar hemisphere

Back 4

part of the spinocerebellum, control of distal limb movements

Front 5

What is the function of the lateral zone of the cerebellar hemisphere

Back 5

part fthe cerebrocerebellum, planning and initiating movements

Front 6

What is the major output pathway from the cerebellar cortex (what type of cell carries the info)

Back 6

purkinje cells, inhibitory (note purkinje cells are output from the cerebellar CORTEX and are inhibitory, DCN are the output from the cerebellum as a whole and are excitatory)

Front 7

What are the two types of afferent fibers to the cerebellum? What type of info do they carry

Back 7

climbing fiber-from contralateral ION, mossy fiber-from all other sources

Front 8

What are the contents of the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex

Back 8

dendrites of purkinje cells, parallel fibers from axons of granule cells, climbing fibers from ION, stellate and basket cells

Front 9

what is the function of granular cells

Back 9

Receive input from mossy fibers in granule layer, send axons into the molecular layer that become parallel fibers where they form excitatory synapses on purkinje cells

Front 10

What do the purkinje cells synapse onto/ major output neurons of the cerebellum

Back 10

Deep cerebellar nuclei from lateral to medial: Dentate, emboliform, globose, fastigial (Don't eat greasy food)

Front 11

Describe the synaptic circut of the climibing fibers

Back 11

Climbing fiber (+) purkinje cell (-) DCN

Front 12

Describe the synaptic circut of mossy fibers

Back 12

mossy fiber (+)granule cell (+)parallel fibers (+) purkinje cells (-) DCN

Front 13

How do mossy fibers and climbing fibers differ in terms of synaptic connections

Back 13

Both eventually excit purkinje cells. Climbing fibers for direct excitatory synapses on the purkinje cells, mossy fibers form excitatory synapses on granule cells which then branch into parallel fibers forming excitatory synapses on purkinje cells

Front 14

What is the function of basket and stellate cells

Back 14

Found in the molecular layer, excited by input from granular cell parallel fibers, form inhibitory synapses with purkinje cells

Front 15

What is the function of golgi cells

Back 15

Receive input from granule cell pareallel fibers, form inhibitory synapse with granule cell to provide feedback inhibition

Front 16

Describe the path of afferent information from the vestibular system to the cerebellum

Back 16

info from the vestibular nuclei as well as the SC and VC travel via the juxtarestiform body to the ipsilateral flocculonodular lobe

Front 17

What three tracts travel within the inferior cerebellar peduncle? What info are they carrying

Back 17

1. Dorsal spinocerebellar-sensory info from ipsilateral lower extremeties 2. Cuneocerebellar-sensory info from ipsiateral upper extremity 3. Olivocerebellar-infrom from contralatearl ION

Front 18

Describe how sensory information from the lower extremity reaches the cerebellum

Back 18

primary sensory info travels via the fasiculus gracilis to the dorsal nucleus of Clark. The info then travels on the dorsal spinocerebellar track through the spinal cord and lower medulla up through the inferior cerebellar peduncle to the spinocerebellum (vermis and intermediate zone)

Front 19

Describe how information from the upper extremity reaches the cerebellum

Back 19

INformation travels via the fasiculus cuneatus to the cuneat nucleus. THe info is then carried by the cuneocerebellar track from the ipsilateral spinal cord and lower medulla to the spinocerebellum (vermis and intermediate zone)

Front 20

What tract makes up the MCP? What type of information is it carrying

Back 20

MCP=cortico-ponto-cerebellar tract, carries info from contralatearl cortex via pontine nuclei to the cerebrocerebellum (lateral zone)

Front 21

Describe how information from the cortex reaches the cerebellum

Back 21

Info from the contralateral cortex enters the cerebrocerebellum via pontine nuclei on the cortico-ponto-cerebellar tract via the MCP

Front 22

What tract makes up the superior cerebellar peduncle? What type of info is carried

Back 22

Ventral spinocerebellar tract carrring info from contralatearl spinal cord projecting to contralateral spinocerebellum (double cross=ipsilateral sxs), 2. efferent outputs to DCN

Front 23

Describe the two monoaminergic inputs to the cerebellum

Back 23

1. serotoninergic fibers from raphe nuclei 2. noradrenergic fibers from the locus ceruleus

Front 24

Describe the efferent pathway from the flocculonodular lobe

Back 24

FLN=> vestibular nuclei, controls eyemovemetn and body equilibrium

Front 25

Describe the efferent pathway from the vermis.

Back 25

Two pathways for control of axial and proximal motorl fxns, control of ongoing movement 1. vermis=>fastigial nucleus=>brain stem regions=>medial descending systems=> proximal muscles 2. vermis=>fastigial nucleus=>thalamus=>motor and premotor cortex=>axial and proxmial muscle control

Front 26

Describe the effernt pathway from the intermediate zone

Back 26

Two pathways to control distal muslces 1. intermediate zone=>interposed nuclei=>red nucelus (brainstem)=>lateral descending systems=>distal limb muscles. 2. intermediate zone=>interposed nuclei=>thalamus=>motor and premotor cortex=>distal limb muslces via corticospinal tract

Front 27

Describe the efferent pathway from the lateral zone of the cerebellum

Back 27

For planning, initiation, and timing of voluntary movements. Lateral zone=>dentate nucleus=> via red nucleus or directly=>thalamus=>motor and premotor cortex=>spinal cord via corticospinal track=>back to lateral zone via corticopontine tract

Front 28

What is the function of the corticopontocerebellar tract

Back 28

Carrys info from cortex to cerebellum, gives information about plans for movement from motor and premotor cortex via the corticopontocerebellar tract

Front 29

What is the function of the dorsal spinocerebellar tact

Back 29

carrys info from the sensory periphery during the course of movement

Front 30

What is the function of the ventral spinocerebellar tract

Back 30

monitors the integration of descending and peripheral information reguarding movement in the spinal cord, enteres cerebellum via SCP

Front 31

What is th efunction of the dentatorubrothalamic tract

Back 31

Carrys info from latral zone to motor cortex, spinal cord and back, allows for adjustment of the output of the motor system

Front 32

On which side of the body do cerebellar lesions typicall cause motor signs

Back 32

ipsilateral

Front 33

What are the major signs of cerebellar dysfunction

Back 33

ataxia, hypotonia, intentional tremor, dysdiadochokinesia, dysmetria, nystagmus, titubation