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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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rate limiting of ach
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choline
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enzymes for ach
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acetylcholine transferase (chat)
acetylcholinesterase (AchE) |
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catecholamines?
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seratonin
dopamine norepinephrine epinephrine histamine |
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what is seratonin made from
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tryptophan
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enzyme for seratonin
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tryptophan hydroxylase
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rate limiting for seratonin
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tryptophan hydroxylase
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where is seratonin primarily produced
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raphe nucleus
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where is ach primarily produced
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nucleus basalis of meynert
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what is made in raphe nucleus
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seratonin
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what is made in the nucleus basalis of meynert
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ach
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what is dopamine made from
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tyrosine
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enzyme for dopamine
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tyrosine hydroxylase -> LDOPA -DOPA decarboxylase--> DA
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rate limiting for DA
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tyrosine hydroxylase
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what is made in the substantia nigra, pars compacta
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DA
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what is made in the locus coeruleus
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NE
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what is NE made from
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tyrosine, LDOPA, DA
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enzyme for NE
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Dopamine-B-hydroxylase
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where is NA primarily made
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locus coeruleus
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were is DA primarily made
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substantia nigra, pars compacta
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enzyme for Epi
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PANT
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what is Epi made from
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Tyrosine, LDopa, DA, NE
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what is histamine made from
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histamine
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enzyme for histamine
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histadine decarbosylase
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rate limiting for histamine
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histadine decarboxylase
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functions for Seratonin
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sleep
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functions for NE
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short term memory
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functions for Epinephrine
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stress
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functions for dopamine
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unwanted motor supression
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functions for histamine
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inflammation
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functions of glutamate
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excitatory in the CNA (opens Na/K gates both fast and slow)
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functions of aspartate
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excitatory when it acts on the brain
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functions of GABA
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inhibitory when it acts on the brain, can act either way in the spinal cord but acts mostly on K/CL channels
but is excitatory in utero |
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functions of glycine
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inhibitory in spinal cord but can be either one in other areas
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substance P
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a peptide NT that is responsible for pain
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tyroamine
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fake agonist for DA, NE, E
reason you do strange things, cant remember, and lower you inhibitions |
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enkephalin and endorphin
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endogenous opiate peptides that take away pain temporarily
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morphine
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synthetic opiate peptide that takes pain away
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examples of purine neurotransmitters
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AMP, ATP
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examples of gas neurotransmitters
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NO (nicric oxide)
CO (carbon oxide) |
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eicosanoids
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lipid neurotransmitters or prostaglandins
that reduce pain |
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cholinergic
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any Ach receptor, can be fast or slow
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nicotinic
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the fast Ach receptor can produce EPSPs or IPSPs but favors EPSPs
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nicotine
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agonist for ach but only binds to fast acting Na/K channels. can produce EPSPs
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muscarine
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agonsit for ACh but only binds to slow acting ligand channels can produce EPSPs or IPSPs
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muscarininc
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the slow Ach receptors found only in CNS that can produce EPSPs or IPSPs
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spatial summation
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how many do you get (EPSP + IPSP) added up and generate AP or not. to come up with a NET
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temporal summation
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constant firing of one, frequency, if one axon is fast enough it can generate action potentials
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frontal
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motor, personality, long term memory
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parietal
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sensory, pain,taste
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occipital
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vision
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insular cortex
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mood/emotion, and smell
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temporal
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auditory
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damage to axon in CNS
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1. glial size or astrocytes increase, increase in number, and increase secretion of growth factors
2. microglia become reactive or ramified |
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damage to axon in PNS
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1. schwann cells increase in size, increase in number, and increase in secretion of growth factors, make a collagen sheath to protect neuron while it regrows
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scorpion snake venom
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h kept open
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cane family
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plugs Na gates
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tetrototoxin
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plugs Na gates
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bee venom
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plugs K gates
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blood supply to spinal cord
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anterior spinal artery
and two posterior spinal arteries |
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blood supply to the MO
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vertebral aa, PICA
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blood supply to the cerebellum
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PICA, AICA, SCA,
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blood supply to the Pons
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basilar, AICA, SCA
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blood supply to the occipital lobe
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PCA
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blood supply to the cerebral peduncles
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PCA
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blood supply to the eyes
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opthalamic
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blood supply to the frontal lobe
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MCA
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blood supply to the parietal lobe
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MCA
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blood supply to the temporal lobe
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MCA
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blood supply to the thalamus
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MCA
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blood supply to the pineal gland
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MCA
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blood supply to the colliculi
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MCA
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