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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the purpose of the eustachian tube?
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- balance air pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane
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What happens when you descend in an airplane?
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- middle ear was equalized with the lower air pressure of higher altitude
- as descend the increase in air pressure pushes the tympanic membrane inwards (if have a cold which blocks equalization this causes pain) |
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How does air push water? (one of the functions of the middle ear)
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- purpose of the middle ear
---impedence matching: ear drum larger than oval window to increase force ---bones serve as levers= mechanical leverage |
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How does the middle ear protect the inner ear? (the second function of the middle ear)
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- gating
----muscles within your ear are reflexive: before you speak/produce a sound and after there is a sustained loud sound |
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What is the stria vascularis?
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- near cochlear duct
- makes the endolymph from the blood |
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Hair cell bodies are in? sterocilia are in?
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- perilymph
- endolymph |
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What causes the shearing force?
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- lateral movement of the basilar membrane vs the tectorial membrane
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Base of basement membrane is hihg/low frequency vs apex?
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Apex has low frequency (width is larger and loose membrane)
Base has high frequency (narrow membrane and taught) (tonotopic) |
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Outer hair cells are not mechanoreceptors but do what?
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- motors to adjust tension on basilar membrane
- able to contract via a protein - electromotile |
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OUter hair cells receive what type of innervation from where?
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- efferent from olivocochlear from superior olivary complex
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How are audiograms created?
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-each individual hair cell is connected to a specific CNVIII afferent (bipolar spiral ganglion)
- this sits along specific part of basilar membrane - find threshold of each -see slight overlapping of adjacent cells which allow fine tuning since adjacent inhibit - so we hear better than what individual hair cells allow us to do |
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primary auditory cortex is organized...
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-tonotopically so outside is lower tones, medial/anterior is higher
(nonlinear cortical map) |
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What is sound localization based on?
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- interaureal timing
- intensity differences (compare 2 ears) |
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Differentiating high frequency tones
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- mainly on intensity
- sound coming from right, creates a shadow on the left |
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Differentiating low frequency tones
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-wrap around head and create very little shadow
- timing difference btw ears (when the sound hits your ear) |
