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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is local anesthesia and how can these drugs be identified?
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- loss of sensation in a specific area of the body b/c depression in excitation of nerve endings or inhibiitng the impulse in peripheral nerves
- all end with -caine |
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What are the 4 ideal qualities of a local anethetic?
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1. not irritating to adjacent tx
2. low systemic toxicity 3. rapid onset/recovery 4. sufficient duration |
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What are the 2 classifications of local anethetics that different in their rate of metabolism?
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- esters and amides
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What is teh important structure of local anesthetics?
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lipholici end with ester/amide linkage and a hydrophilic nd
- free base in solution |
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How do local anesthetics work?
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- prevents depolarization/causes hyperpolarization by blocking Na influx (blocks teh channels)
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What are factors that affect local anesthetics?
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- polarity, size, lipid solubility, protein binding, pka, chemical linkage
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What are teh 3 main areas of local anesthetic toxicity?
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1. CNS
2. CV 3. Idiosyncratic/ hypersensitivity |
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What are teh 5 esters we discusssed?
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1. cocaine
2. procaine 3. tetracaine 4. chloroprocaine 5 benzocaine |
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What are the side effects/pharmakokinetics of cocaine?
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- stimulates CNS, depresses respiratory/CV, hyperthermia, constricts vessels, possible seizures
- monoamine reuptake inhibitory so increses amount of dopamine |
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Procaine vs cocaine
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P has shorter action, low potency
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tetracaine vs cocaine/procaine
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T has long duration of action, more potency than procaine
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Chloroprocaine vs cocaine
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- shorter action, lower potency, lower toxicity, with rapid onset
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Benzocaine vs cocaine
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- longer action but topical only
- lipophilic - may act via membrane embedding |
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What are teh 7 amides discusssed?
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1. lidocaine
2. prilocaine 3. mepivacaine 4. buvpivacaine 5. ropivacaine 6. etidocaine 7. dibucaine |
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Discuss lidocaine
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longer duration of action b/c hepatic metabolism
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prilocaine vs lidocaine
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longer action, but may cause methmemoglobinemia
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Mepivacaine vs lidocaine
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-similiar action and longer potency
- rapid onset |
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Bupivacaine vs lidocaine
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- longer action, increased potency
cardiotoxic |
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Ropivacaine vs bupivacaine
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- less potent but less cardiotoxic
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Etidocaine vs ropivacaine
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- longer duration of action but cardiotoxic
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Dibucaine vs lidocaine
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- longer duration of action with high potency
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