Neuro 2 Test 2

Front 1

Draw the divisions of the ns

Back 1

CNS (brain and spinal cord)
PNS (somatic and auto NS)
Auto N (parasymatptic, sympathetic, and enteric Ns)

Front 2

Where are the cell bodies of the parasympathic NS located?

Back 2

Lateral horn in the Cranioscaral

Front 3

where are the cell bodies of hte sympathtic ns located?

Back 3

lateral horn of the Throcolumbar

Front 4

where are the cell bodiesof LMN located?

Back 4

ventral horn of the gray matter or brain stem

Front 5

where are the sensory fibers cell bodies located (for the exteremties)

Back 5

dorsal root ganglain

Front 6

Temporal lobe

Back 6

hearing and speech

Front 7

parietal lobe

Back 7

sensory info

Front 8

the dorsal horn contains (10

Back 8

sensory fibers

Front 9

the ventral horn contains (1)

Back 9

LMN

Front 10

Draw chart of the brain develops into differ sections

Back 10

see notes

Front 11

what is the pre-central gyrus?

Back 11

the primary motor strip

Front 12

NAME
this is the primary motor strip

Back 12

pre-central gyrus

Front 13

what is the post-central gyrus?

Back 13

Processes sensory info

Front 14

define multipolar neuron

Back 14

Has a single axon and one or more denrits branches emerging from cell body

Front 15

define bipolar neuron

Back 15

Have two processes emerging from the cell body

Front 16

what is the differe btwn depolorization and hyperpolarizatioN?

Back 16

(1)depolorization-
Increase in membrane potential (R.P> gets more -) (2)hyperpolorization
There is a reduction in the R>P. get more +

Front 17

where is white matter the greatest?

Back 17

C and L regions

Front 18

where is the gray matter the greates?

Back 18

C and L regions

Front 19

what is the differ btwn
Relative refractory period
Absolute refractory period
?

Back 19

(1)relative-action potential can be generated must be greater then previous one (2)absolute- no action potential can be genereated

Front 20

How many sn are there?

Back 20

31-
C-8
T-12
L5
S5
Co1

Front 21

Describe the golgi tendon reflex

Back 21

GTO senses contracture of mm (2)activates 1b (3)activates interneurons to relase a exictory n to the anatagonist and inhibitory nt to the agonist to relax

Front 22

Describe the mm stretch reflex

Back 22

(1)stretch of mm occurs (2)stretches spindle (3)activates 1a (4)communicates w UMN (alpha) and interneuron (5)interneuron sends inhibitory stimuli to antangoist (6)UMN sends exictiory nt to the agonosit and synergist

Front 23

Interomediolateral neuclues is also called (1)

Back 23

Sympathic pre-ganglio nucleus

Front 24

Voltage gates

Back 24

Opens to changes in R.P.

Front 25

chemical gates

Back 25

Responds to nt

Front 26

When do sn except below the level?
When do the sn exit above the level?
Why is there this differ?

Back 26

C1 to C7
C8-down
Bc have no vertebrate for C8

Front 27

What sn innervate the musculcutaneous n?
What sn innervate the median n?
What sn innervate the radial n?
What sn innervate the ulnar nerve?

Back 27

C5 to C7
C5-T1
C5 to t1
C8 to T1

Front 28

Corpus collosum

Back 28

Major highway btwn both hemispheres

Front 29

Anterior commisure

Back 29

The only tract hat connects the hemispheres

Front 30

Thalamus

Back 30

Acts as gate keeper to the brain

Front 31

somatic ns

Back 31

Neural structures responsible for conveying and processing unconscious and conscious sensory info from organ of speacil sense and from receptors in joint, skin, and voluntary mm (2)includes neural structures responsible for motor control of voluntary mm

Front 32

Where is the post central gyrus located?

Back 32

parietal lobe

Front 33

Where is the pre-central gyrus located?

Back 33

frontal lobe

Front 34

central suclus

Back 34

Divides the frontal from parietal lobe

Front 35

lateral fissure

Back 35

Seperates the frontal and temporal lobes

Front 36

DOPA

Back 36

allows to intiate mvoement

Front 37

Ach

Back 37

causes contraction of mm

Front 38

NAME
This person has increased amounts of DOPA

Back 38

cocaine

Front 39

NAME
This person has decrased DOPA

Back 39

parkinsons disease

Front 40

Spinal shock
What happens after spinal shock?

Back 40

Flaccidy below level of lesion (2)decreased tendon reflex (3)loss of sensation below level of lesion


(1)in creased reflex activity (hyperflexia) (2)flaccidy and loss of sensation

Front 41

Describe UMN lesion

Back 41

Spastity (2)hyperflexia (3)no mm atrophy (4)dimisnshed or absent supericifal reflexes (5)Babinski sign

Front 42

describe LMN lesions

Back 42

(1)flaccid paralysis (2)mm atrophy (2)areflxia (4)fasciculation (5)contraction of mm

Front 43

golgi tendon organ

Back 43

Golgi tendon Sensitive to mm stretch/gives you propcieptopn

Front 44

Enteric ns

Back 44

Innervates smooth glands

Front 45

UMN usually results in (1)

Back 45

Hyperflexia and spasicity

Front 46

LMN damage usually results in (1)

Back 46

Paralysis

Front 47

1a affernet fibers

Back 47

Innervates the mm spindle..sensitve to stretch of mm

Front 48

1b afferent fibers

Back 48

Innervates the GTO and sensitive to overcntract

Front 49

Alpha motor fibers

Back 49

Sensitive to extrafusal fibers

Front 50

gamma motor fibers

Back 50

senisitve intrafusal fibers

Front 51

Auto hyperflexia

Back 51

When the sympathic s is bombared w noxious stimuli

Front 52

sx of Auto hyperflexia

Back 52

Increased heart rate, B/p, nausea and sweating

Front 53

how do you treat the autohyperflexia?

Back 53

Increased heart rate, B/p, nausea and sweating
Unplug cath, skin check, sit up, realse abdominal binders

Front 54

Describe synaptic and motor transmission in detail (6)

Back 54

SEE NOTES

Front 55

NAME
this tract is resposnible for pain and temp for the Exteremties

Back 55

lateral spinothalamic

Front 56

what does the lateral spinothalamic do?

Back 56

transmtis pain and temp info from the E to the CNS

Front 57

where are somatosensory receptors located?

Back 57

in the epidermis and dermis of the skin

Front 58

describe the lateral spinothalamic tract (5)

Back 58

(1)the somatosenosory receptors open in response to pain or temp from the E (2)primary afferent fibers fires and synapes in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (3)it communicates with the secondary afferent fibers (4)the 2nd afferent fiber decussates and cross contralateral to the opposite side of the cord through the white commissure and ascend through the lateral white column and goes to the thalamus (5)it communicates w the tertriary fiber that send info to the post-central gyrus or the somatosensory cortex

Front 59

NAME
this coveys pain and temp info from free nerve ending in the skin of the E

Back 59

lateral spinothalamic tract

Front 60

in the lateral spinothalamic tract. where is the first synapse?

Back 60

dorsal horn of the spinal cord

Front 61

in the lateral spinothalamic tract, where is the 2nd synapse?

Back 61

thalamus-2nd afferent fibers

Front 62

in the lateral spinothalamic tract, what is the 3rd synapse?

Back 62

post-central gyrus

Front 63

NAME
this tract convery crude touch (pressure) from the E

Back 63

ventral spinalthalamic tract

Front 64

NAME
this tract conveys fine touch from the E

Back 64

dorsal column medial Leminscal tract

Front 65

what is the ventral spinalthalamic tract?

Back 65

conveys info from crude touch and pressure in the E

Front 66

what is the dorsal column medial Leminscal tract?

Back 66

conveys info fine touch from the E

Front 67

what does decussates mean?

Back 67

crosses over to the other hemisphere of the brain

Front 68

in the lateral spinalthalamic tract, where does the secondary afferent fibers decussates

Back 68

in the spinal cord

Front 69

what does the Dorsal Column Medical Leminscal tract do?

Back 69

conveys info for fine touch

Front 70

what does fine touch mean?

Back 70

include dull vs sharp pain, procieption, (3)kinesthia (4)vibration

Front 71

NAMe
this tract conveys info for fine touch from the E

Back 71

Dorsal Column Medical Leminscal tract

Front 72

what are some ways to test Dorsal Column Medical Leminscal tract ?

Back 72

(1)2-point discrimination (2)sharp vs dull (3)stenosis

Front 73

if you are testing for 2-point descrimination, what tract are you testing?

Back 73

Dorsal Column Medical Leminscal tract

Front 74

if you are testing stenosis, what are you testing for ? and what tract?

Back 74

fine touch-Dorsal Column Medical Leminscal tract

Front 75

if you are testing sharp vs dull pain, what are you testing for? and what tract?

Back 75

fine touch-Dorsal Column Medical Leminscal tract

Front 76

Dorsal Column Medical Leminscal tract

if the info is coming from the legs, where does the first synapse occur?

Back 76

nucleus gracillis

Front 77

Dorsal Column Medical Leminscal tract
if hte info is coming from the arms, where does the first synapse occur?

Back 77

nucleus cutneous

Front 78

info for from the arms goes tends to go more (1)on the post-central gyrus while the info from the legs travels more (2)

Back 78

(1)lateral (2)medial

Front 79

you read in the chart that the person has a CVA due to a hemorrhage in the middle cerebral artery. what can you conclude aout this patient?

Back 79

will have more damage to the arms/face then the legs

Front 80

you read in the chart that the person has a CVA due to a hemmorrage in the anterior cerbral artery what you can you conclude about this patient?

Back 80

will have more trouble w the legs then arms/face

Front 81

describe how the dorsal column medial leminscal tract (5)

Back 81

Amy pokes Malia with a tooth pick in the arm causing the (1)receptors in the open and the firing of the primary afferent fibers.(2) This fibers ascend through the white dorsal column into medulla and synapses in the nucleus cuneatus(from arms) or nucleus gracillis (info from the legs)of medulla.or gracillis (from legs)of the medulla (3)Here it communicates with the secondary afferent fiber. This fiber desciates and ascends to the thalamus. (4)Here this fibers synapses and communicates with the tertiary afferent fiber. (5)This fiber sends the info the lateral part of the post-central gyrusof the somatosensory cortex (lateral-arms and medial-legs)

Front 82

Fill in the blank
Amy pokes Malia with a tooth pick in the arm causing the (1)receptors in the open and the firing of the (2). This fibers passes through the (3) and synapses in the (4). Here it communicates with the (5). This fiber (6) and ascends to the (7). Here this fibers synapses and communicates with the (8). This fiber sends the info the (9) part of the (10)

Back 82

1.
2. primary afferent fibers
3. medulla
4. nucleus cutneaus
5. secondary afferent fiber
6. desiccates
7. thalamus
8. tertiary afferent fibers
9. lateral
10. post-central gyrus

Front 83

NAME
this tract is responsile for prioception in the E

Back 83

dorsal column medial leminscal

Front 84

NAME
this tract conveys info such as vibration from the E

Back 84

dorsal medial leminscal tract

Front 85

NAME
this is touch interpretion is often spared or less affected then other sensory abilities in the spinal cord whne injured

Back 85

crude touch

Front 86

why is crude touch often spared or less affectednsory abilities in the spinal cord whne injured?

Back 86

bc this tract the primary afferent fibers bifurcates and one goes to the other side of the hemisphere

Front 87

describe how the ventral spinothalamic tract works/ (4)

Back 87

(1)(crude touch) receptors activates the primary afferent fibers (2)this fiber bifurcates (2)branch a synapses in the dorsal gray matter while other branch ascends for several segements for as many as 10 then synapses in the dorsal gray matter (3)2nd fiber axons decussate and enter the ventral white column and ascend to the thalamus (4)it communicates w tertiary fiber which synapse in the post-central gyrus

Front 88

ventral spinothalamic tract
what is hte first synapse?

Back 88

the dorsal gray of the spinal cord

Front 89

ventral spinothalamic tract
what is the 2nd synapse?

Back 89

2nd afferent fibres decussates and synapses in the thalamus

Front 90

ventral spinothalamic tract
what is the 3rd site of synapse?

Back 90

post-central gyrus

Front 91

what are some of the sensory receptors for the dorsal column medial lemniscal tract? (4)

Back 91

(1)joint receptrs (2)golgi tendons (3)mm spindles (4)and others that convey info for light touch, vibration and propricoetions

Front 92

what is the ventral trigeminal tract?

Back 92

conveys sensory info for pain and temp from the face

Front 93

NAME
this tract conveys sensory info for pain and temp from the face

Back 93

ventral trigeminal

Front 94

what isthe dorsal trigeminal tract?

Back 94

conveys info for pressure and touch from the face

Front 95

NAME
this tract conveys pressure and touch from the face

Back 95

dorsal trigeminal tract

Front 96

what is the difer tbwn the ventral and dorsal trigeminal tract? (2)

Back 96

(1)ventral-conveys sensory info for pain and temp from the face (2)dorsal-conveys info for pressure and touch from the face

Front 97

where are hte somatosensory receptors located?

Back 97

in the epidermis and dermis of the skin

Front 98

if you poke your left arm w needle, where will you feel it in the post-central gyrus?

Back 98

right lateral side

Front 99

when determing what kind of sensory info is affected, what is one important thing to remember?

Back 99

where is the info coming from and where does it affect it on the tract

Front 100

if you lesion one side of the body, would you have a loss of crude touch?

Back 100

no bc there are two branches and it can go the other route /bypass injury

Front 101

NAME
this tract conveys info for hot and cold from the E

Back 101

lateral spinothalmic tract

Front 102

what artery does strokes most often affect?

Back 102

the middle cerebral artery

Front 103

the (1)artery damage primarly affects face/tongue/hands

Back 103

middle cerbral

Front 104

the middle cerebral artery damage will primarly affect the (1)

Back 104

face/and hands

Front 105

NAME
people w damage ot this artery will have more trouble w walking then their hands/face

Back 105

anterior cerebral artery

Front 106

people who damage the anterior cerebral artery will have more trouble w (1)

Back 106

walking/legs

Front 107

what is kinesthia?

Back 107

is a sense of moveemnt...what directin and where goes...

Front 108

what is procieption?

Back 108

knowing the static joint position in space

Front 109

what is the differ btwn kinesthia and prioception?

Back 109

(1)kinesthia-sense of moveemnt w force and direction 92)proception-knowing the static joint position in space

Front 110

describe the route of the ventral trigeminal tract? (5)

Back 110

ex stratch or bite tongue...info from free nerve ending is transmitted by primary afferent (2)this fiber fires and synapses in the nucleus of the spinal tract of CN 5(3)it communicates w 2nd fibers (4)they decussate and synapse in the thalamusa nd communicate w tertiary fibers (5)they pass through the internal capsule and sypanse in the post-central gyrus of the somatosensory cortex

Front 111

where does the primary afferent fiber synapse in the ventral trigeminal tract?

Back 111

in the nucleus of the CN5

Front 112

the trigeminal ganglion is also called hte (1)

Back 112

semilunar ganglion

Front 113

(1)is also called the semilunar ganglion

Back 113

trigimnal ganglion

Front 114

where is the first synapse in the ventral trigeminal tract?

Back 114

nuclesus of CN 5

Front 115

where is the 2nd synapse for the
ventral trigeminal tract?

Back 115

2nd fibers descuate and synapse in the thalamus

Front 116

ventral trigeminal tract

where is the
3rd synapse located?

Back 116

post-central gyrus of the somatosensory cortex

Front 117

where are the cell bodies of the primary afferent fibers located in the ventral trigminal tract?

Back 117

in the semilunar ganglion

Front 118

NAME
this fibers cell bodies are located in the semilunar ganglion

Back 118

primary afferent fibers of the ventral trigeminal tract

Front 119

where are the cell bodies of the primary afferent fibers for the spinaothalmic tract located?

Back 119

dorsal root ganglion

Front 120

describe the route of the dorsal trigeminal tract?

Back 120

(1)mechanoreceptors and other touch receptors in the face open and the primary afferent fiber fires (2)it synapses in the nucleus of CN V and communicates w two 2nd afferent fibers (3)these fibers decussate and ascend ipsilaterally to the thalamus (one on left and one on the right) where they synapse and communicate w the tertiary fibers (4)the teritary fibers communciate w the post-central gyrus and synapse there

Front 121

for the dorsal trigeminal tract
where is the firs synapse?

Back 121

nucleus of CN V

Front 122

for the dorsal trigeminal tract
where is the 2nd synaspe?

Back 122

(1)2nd fibers decussate and ascend ipsilaterally and synapse in the thalamus

Front 123

for the dorsal trigeminal tract
where is the 3rd synapse?

Back 123

lateral post-central gyrus

Front 124

what are pain receptors?

Back 124

free nerve ending

Front 125

NAME
these are free nerve ending

Back 125

pain receptors

Front 126

pain receptor are also called (1)

Back 126

nocipeter

Front 127

(1)receptor are also called nociceptors

Back 127

pain receptors

Front 128

what are temp receptors called?

Back 128

thermorceptors

Front 129

NAME
this tract has a bilateral pathway

Back 129

dorsal trigeminal tract

Front 130

which tract has a bilateral pathway?

Back 130

dorsal trigeminal tract

Front 131

the dorsal trigeminal tract has a (1)pathway

Back 131

bilateral

Front 132

where are the cell bodies of the primary afferent fibers in the dorsal trigeminal tract located?

Back 132

in the semilunar ganglion

Front 133

NAME
these fibers cell bodies are located in teh semilunar ganglion

Back 133

primary afferent fibers of the ventral and dorsal trigeminal tracts

Front 134

you have a R CVA, will you loose feeling on R side of face?
what about pain and temp on R side?

Back 134

contralateral loss of pain/temp

yes can feel touch on both sides bc L side goes interepts both info

Front 135

you have a CN V lesion. can you feel pain, touch, and temp?

Back 135

(1)pain and temp-yes (2)touch-yes-R bc have 2 CN

Front 136

the person has a left CVA.
(1)will they have touch/feeling in face?

Back 136

yes bc path sends fibers from one side of face to both sides of the sensory cortex...right side can still interept the info

Front 137

In the dorsal column medial leminscal tract, where are the afferent fibers’s cell bodies located?

Back 137

dorsal root ganglion

Front 138

Bob has just suffered a stroke. He has problems swallowing and chewing. He also has muscle weakness in this UE and face. What artery is likely to have been affected?

Back 138

Middle cerebral artery

Front 139

NAME
This is the name for sensory information specifically crude touch and vibration from the LE.

Back 139

Fasciculus gracilis

Front 140

NAME
This is the name for sensory information specifically crude touch and vibration from the UE.

Back 140

Fasciculus cuneatus

Front 141

In the dorsal column Medial Leminscal tract, if the information is coming from the legs, the information will be send to what part of the post-central gyryus?

Back 141

medial section

Front 142

In the dorsal column meidal Leminscal tract, if the information is coming from the arms, the information will be sent to what part of the post-central gyrus?

Back 142

lateral section

Front 143

see page 20

mark is A lesion to the ventralspinaothalamic tract.

how would this affect crude touch?
would it result in a complete or incomplete loss?

Back 143

it would not result in a complete loss bc one branch synapses immediately w a the 2nd afferent fibers which ascend ipsilaterally.

the long ascending branch bypasses the injyry and the sensations can still reach the post-central gyrus

Front 144

if the thalamus is damange on the left side.
then how would it affect crude touch?

Back 144

the pressure and crude touch sensations are lost on the contralateral side of the body (bc cross over)

Front 145

what is spyringomyelia?

Back 145

rare degerentive disease of the spinal cord starts in the central cord

Front 146

NAME
this is the sense that enables one to know exatly where the body parts are in space and relation to each other

Back 146

proprioception

Front 147

what is proprioception?

Back 147

this is the sense that enables one to know exatly where the body parts are in space and relation to each other

Front 148

what is fine touch?

Back 148

is a sense that enables a person to steriognosis and 2-point discmrination

Front 149

NAME
this enables a person w eyes closed, to bring up the hand and touch the tip of the their nose w thier index finger

Back 149

proprioception

Front 150

where are the receptors for fine touch?

Back 150

in the dermis of the skin

Front 151

where are the receptors for proprioception?

Back 151

joints

Front 152

For the dorsal column medial leminscal, where are the primary afferent fibers cell bodies located?

Back 152

in the dorsal root ganglion

Front 153

what is astereognosis?

Back 153

loss of the ability to distinguish btwn objects and touch and manipulation

Front 154

what is a postive Romberg signs?

Back 154

loss of proprioception ex

patient may look down at feet when walking
when asked to stand erect w body feet together and eyes closed...the patient sways

Front 155

NAME
a postive sign for this includes
when asked to stand erect w body feet together and eyes closed...the patient sways

Back 155

Romberg sign

Front 156

if the damage is at the dorsal root ganglion.

how will this affect fine touch?

Back 156

loss of fine touch on the same side

Front 157

if the damage is at the posterior or dorsal column
how will this affect fine touch?

Back 157

loss of fine touch on the same side

Front 158

if the damage is at the medulluary nuceli
how will this affect fine touch?

Back 158

loss of fine touch on the same side

Front 159

damage of the dorsal root ganglion frequently occurs in people w (1)

Back 159

late stages of sypilis

Front 160

when will fine touch be lost on the affected side? give ex (3)

Back 160

damage to (1)dorsal root ganglion (2)medullary nuclei (3)dorsal column

Front 161

sensory pathways for the face pass through (1)

Back 161

CNV, VII, and IX

Front 162

what are the different branches of CN V? (3)

Back 162

(1)V1-ophthalmic (2)V2-maxillary (3)mandibular-V3

Front 163

what is the jaw jerk reflex?

Back 163

rapid stretching of mm of mastication result in muscle contraction

Front 164

nAME
this reflex-rapid stretching of mm mastication result in muscle contraction

Back 164

jaw jerk reflex

Front 165

the coroneal reflex is also called the (1)

Back 165

blink reflex

Front 166

(1)is also called the blink reflex

Back 166

coroneal reflex

Front 167

what is the corneal reflex?

Back 167

is when object touches the eye both eyes will blink immediatly

Front 168

NAME
this when an object touches oth the eyes that they will blink immediatly

Back 168

corneal reflex

Front 169

corneal reflex, results from what CN?

Back 169

CN V

Front 170

if CN V is damage

how will this affect sensations?
would it be a complete or incomplete loss on both sides?

Back 170

loss of facial sensations on the same side of the injury

incomplete bc have pairs of CN V

Front 171

if the semilunar ganglion is damage, how will this affect facial sensations?

Back 171

loss of facial sensation on the same side of the injury

Front 172

if the left side of the thalamus is damaged or injury to the left sensory cortex
how will this affect facial sensations?

Back 172

loss of facial pain and temp sensation contralaterally but pressure and touch remain in intact

Front 173

For the dorsal Column medial leminscal tract, if the damage is before the decussation the such as the dorsal root ganglion, the dorsal column, or the medullary nuceli then their will be loss of sensation on the (1)side of the E

Back 173

(1)same

Front 174

For the dorsal Column medial leminscal tract,
if the injury is after the decussation such as the medial lemniscus, the thalamus, or the cerebral cortex, the damage will e on the (1)

Back 174

contralateral side of the E

Front 175

For the dorsal Column medial leminscal tract, if the damage is before the decussation the such as the (1)then their will be loss of sensation on the same side of the E

Back 175

dorsal root ganglion, the dorsal column, or the medullary nuceli

Front 176

For the dorsal Column medial leminscal tract,
if the injury is after the decussation such as the (1) the damage will e on the contralateral side of the E

Back 176

medial lemniscus, the thalamus, or the cerebral cortex

Front 177

the nucleus of CN V is in the (10

Back 177

pons

Front 178

if the thalamus is injured, then the pressure and crude touch will be damaged on the (1)

Back 178

contralateral side of the body

Front 179

For the dorsal column medial leminiscal tract,
where do the secondary afferent fibers decussate?

Back 179

medulla

Front 180

For the dorsal trigeminal tract,
where do the secondary afferent fibers decussate?

Back 180

cn V

Front 181

for the ventral trigeminal tract,
where do the secondary afferent fibers decussate?

Back 181

Cn V

Front 182

for the lateral spinothalmic tract
where do the secondary afferent fibers decussate?

Back 182

dorsal root of the spinal cord

Front 183

for the ventral spinothalmic tract
where do the secondary afferent fibers decussate?

Back 183

dorsal root of the spinal cord

however..remember there are two branches. one ascends higher then other one