Neuro 2 Spinal Tracts And Injuries

Front 1

the spinal cord is housed where

Back 1

within the spinal canal

Front 2

where do the spinal nerves exit

Back 2

laterally through the intravetebral foramina

Front 3

collection of cell bodies outside the CNS

Back 3

ganglion

Front 4

collection of axons outside the CNS that does NOT contain cell bodies

Back 4

nerve

Front 5

nerves inside the CNS

Back 5

tracts

Front 6

unmylinated, cell bodies, where cell bodies synapse

Back 6

grey matter

Front 7

mylinated, contains axons and tracts

Back 7

white matter

Front 8

how many arteries supply the spinal cord and where are they located

Back 8

3
2 posterior spinal arteries
1 anterior spinal artery

Front 9

what artery supplies the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord

Back 9

artery of adamkiewicz

Front 10

The central area supplied only by the anterior spinal artery is predominantly

Back 10

motor

Front 11

damage to the artery of adamkawitz can lead to ischemia of what spine segments

Back 11

thorocolumbar

Front 12

surgeries where the Artery of adamkewitz is at risk

Back 12

AAA repair,
kidney surgeries
spine surgeries

Front 13

review layers you go though when doing spinal and epidurals

Back 13

sub Q
supraspinous ligament
intraspinous ligament
ligament of flavum
epidural space
dura mater
arachnoid membrane
subarachoid space (CSF here)

Front 14

these ligaments helpt o preserve the normal curvatures of the vertebral column and assist with straightening of the column after flexing

Back 14

ligamentum flavum

Front 15

where does the spinal cord end

Back 15

L1-L2

Front 16

where is the textbook safe level for a spinal? Clinical?

Back 16

L1-L2
L3-L5

Front 17

bundle of spinal nerve roots in the lumbar cistern (L1) within the vertebral canal to the termination of the spinal cord (terminal filum) lies the ______

Back 17

cauda equina (horses tail)

Front 18

subarachnoid blocks are done where?
Epidural blocks?

Back 18

below level of the cord
anywhere

Front 19

what is tuffiers line

Back 19

line drawn between the iliac crest that serves as a landmark for the L4 spinous process and the L3 interspace

Front 20

what is the conus medularis

Back 20

terminal end of the spinal cord L1-L2

Front 21

where is the cervical plexus area located....when is a block of this area used

Back 21

C1-C5
superficial cervical plexus block done for awake CEA

Front 22

if you do a cervical plexus block you may also block which nerve

Back 22

phrenic nerves C3.4.5

Front 23

how many cervical nerves are there

Back 23

8

Front 24

C4-T1, all nerves that serve the arm

Back 24

brachial plexus

Front 25

how do you assess the brachial plexus

Back 25

push, pull, pinch, pinch
radial nerve=push
musculocutaneous nerve=pull
radial=thumb
ulnar=finger flexers

Front 26

innervates the deltoid muscle and shoulder, along with the posterior aspect of the upper arm

Back 26

axillary nerve

Front 27

innervates anterior skin of upper arm and elbow flexors

Back 27

musculocutaneous nerve

Front 28

innervates dorsal aspects of the arm and extensors of the elbow, wrist, fingers, and abduction of the thumb

Back 28

radial nerve

Front 29

innervates the middle elbow, wrist, and finger flexors, adducts the thumb

Back 29

median nerve

Front 30

innervates the medial aspect wrist and finger flexors

Back 30

ulnar nerve

Front 31

lumbar plexus includes the _____,______, and _____

Back 31

gentiofemoral, obturator, and femoral

Front 32

innervates the skin and muscles of the upper thigh including the quadriceps

Back 32

femoral

Front 33

the genitofemoral nerve innervates the

Back 33

EXTERNAL genitalia

Front 34

the sacral plexus includes the

Back 34

gluteal nerves and the sciatic nerves

Front 35

what is the bodies largest nerve

Back 35

sciatic

Front 36

which gluteal nerve innervates the gluteus maximus

Back 36

inferior gluteal nerve

Front 37

which gluteal nerve innervates the gluteus medius and minimus

Back 37

superior gluteal nerve

Front 38

what are the two major branches of the sciatic nerve

Back 38

tibial and common peroneal

Front 39

What are the three main sensory, ascending tracts

Back 39

spinothalamic,
spinocerebellar tracts
the fasciulus Gracilis and the fasciulus cuneatus

Front 40

this tract delivers pain, temp, light touch, and pressure

Back 40

spinothalamic tract

Front 41

The fascilus gracilis brings sensory from where

Back 41

legs crosses in the medulla

Front 42

the fasciulus cuneatus brings sensory from where

Back 42

hands, crosses in the medulla

Front 43

this tract sends sensory messages for light touch proprioception and stereognosis

Back 43

the fasciulus gracilis and cuneatus

Front 44

This tract is used for uncounscious proprioception

Back 44

spinocerebellar tracts

Front 45

When someone is pushed forward and they unconsciously lean forward and step forward to maintain balance what tract is being used

Back 45

spinocerebellar

Front 46

this is a descending tract that is the primary motor tract

Back 46

corticospinal tract

Front 47

where do spinothalamic tracts decussate

Back 47

rexus laminna II in the substantia geletonosia

Front 48

what are the tracts called that allow the spinothalamic tracts to ascend one or two segments before they decussate

Back 48

lissaure tracts

Front 49

what lies in rexus laminna II in the substantia geletonosia

Back 49

substance P...opiods work here by acting on MU receptors

Front 50

what tract sends slower signals of more general sensations including pain warmth cold crude touch tickling and itch

Back 50

spinothalamic tracts

Front 51

pain interruption at the level of the spinal cord occurs by interruption of the neural conduction of what tracts

Back 51

spinothalamic tracts both anterior and lateral

Front 52

what is an example of blocking the anterior and lateral spinothalamic tracts?

Back 52

differential block

ATPTPMVP

Front 53

what is the neurotransmitter involved in the neospinothalamic tract

Back 53

glutamate (excitatory)

Front 54

Neospinothalamic tracts are made up of what type of fibers...the nerves terminate in laminae ___ of the dorsal horn and decussate and ascend to the brainstem and the thalamus

Back 54

A delta nerve fibers
I

Front 55

Gycine is what type of neurotransmitter

Back 55

inhibitory

Front 56

paleospinothalamic tract is made up of slow ____ nerves terminate in lamiane _____ of the dorsal horn fo the spinal cord (substantia geletonosia)

Back 56

C fibers

II and III

Front 57

how does morphine work

Back 57

inhibits MU receptors in the substantia geletonosia

Front 58

where does the dorsal column medial lemniscal tract decussate

Back 58

medulla and ends in the thalamus

Front 59

some short medial lemniscal fibers terminate in the spinal cord and are responsible for

Back 59

reflexes

Front 60

what is spared if only half of the spinal cord is damaged due to the posterior columns and spinothalamic redundant coverage

Back 60

light touch

Front 61

where does the lateral corticospinal tract decussate

Back 61

in the pyramids of the medulla

Front 62

parkinson disease cause what kind of effects

Back 62

extrapyramidal effects

Front 63

what medication should you not give Parkinsons patients

Back 63

reglan (dopamine inhibition)

Front 64

if you have an upper motor neuron lesion what type of paralysis will you see

Back 64

spastic

Front 65

if you have a lower motor neuron lesion what type of paralysis will you see

Back 65

flaccid

Front 66

each spinal nerve innervates a segmental field of skin called a

Back 66

dermatome

Front 67

T4=

Back 67

nipple line

Front 68

T10=

Back 68

umbilicus

Front 69

C3/4/5

Back 69

phrenic nerve blocks and dyspnea

Front 70

what what level will you get a total spinal and hemodynamic collapse

Back 70

C4

Front 71

I numbness where will give you an indication that your block is near the diaphragm nerves?

Back 71

pinky C8

Front 72

L1

Back 72

crease of the leg

Front 73

how many cervical nerves,
thoracic, lumbar and sacral nerves are there

Back 73

8,12, 5, 5

Front 74

what level block do you need for abdominal surgeries

Back 74

xyphoid process T6

Front 75

what level of block do you need for a C section

Back 75

T4 because you have to think about visceral response as well as sensory

Front 76

T6

Back 76

bottom of scaupla and bottom of sternum

Front 77

if you knock out half of the cord(hemisection) what type of motor and sensory deficits will you see

Back 77

ispilateral motor deficit (corticospinal tract)
ipsilateral posterior column (pain vibration and propreoception)
and contralateral spinothalmaic deficits of pain, and temp

Front 78

with central cord syndrome what changes would you see in terms of the spinothalamic tract if the lesion was not big enough to knock out the entire tract

Back 78

deficits at the level of the lesion but would be fine above and below

Front 79

with central cord syndrome how will the posterior columns be affected

Back 79

they will be knocked out from that point down...so pain vibration and propreoception knocked out

Front 80

if you have lost all motor, sensory, and have spastic paralysis what is likely to have occured

Back 80

complete cord transection

Front 81

if you an an anterior spinal cord injury (anterior spinal syndrome) where blood supply has been lost to the anterior portion what s/s will you see

Back 81

loss of motor below lesion and loss of pain and temp below. Vibration, prop. and touch

Front 82

a brown sequard injury leads to what kind of deficits

Back 82

motor on the same side,
spinothalamic (pain and temp) opposite same side and lower b/c it claims before it crosses
posterior dorsal same side (so decreased prop, pain, touch )

Front 83

if you have flaccid paralysis that is very localized (just the hand,) think what kind of nerve damage

Back 83

peripheral nerve

Front 84

spinal cord injury at T1 will lead to

Back 84

quadriplegia and cardioaccelerator nerve damage that may lead to bradycardia

Front 85

L4 injury results in

Back 85

paraplegia

Front 86

Recticular activing system is responsible for

Back 86

sleep

Front 87

What area of the brain is responsible for interpreting the quality of the pain

Back 87

cortex

Front 88

review CN

Back 88

1-12

Front 89

when you are assessing the musculocutaneous nerve of the brachial plexus what nerves are used when you ask the pt to pull

Back 89

C5-6

Front 90

when you are assessing the radial nerve of the brachial plexus what nerves are you assessing when you ask them to push

Back 90

C6-8

Front 91

when assessing the median nerve of the brachial plexus you ask the pt to pinch, which nerves are you asseses

Back 91

C8-T1

Front 92

when assessing the ulnar nerve of teh brachial plexus you ask the pt to pinch, which nerves are you assessing

Back 92

C8-T1

Front 93

Corollaries of DTR
ankle=
knee=
brachioradialis=
biceps
triceps=

Back 93

s1
L2-4
C5-6
c5-6
c-6-7

Front 94

how many + indicate a normal deep tendon reflex?

Back 94

++