Neuro 2: Correlations Of The Neuro Exam

Front 1

Anosmia

Back 1

inability to smell

Front 2

1. unilateral damage
2. bilateral damage

Back 2

1.trauma, tumor
2. virus, allergy, smoking, traumna

Front 3

lesion location

Back 3

nasal
olfac. neuroepithelium
central(alcohol/alzheimer)

Front 4

anopia

Back 4

when you lose the ability to see from one eye occurs at the optic nerve

Front 5

homonymous hemianopia

Back 5

lose half the visual field(like right temporal and left nasal)
occurs between the optic tract between the chiasm and the LG

Front 6

bilateral heteronomous hemianopsia

Back 6

field cuts are on the different sides (in the tempral fields, sparing the nasal) occurs do to a cut in the optic chiasm

Front 7

left superior homonous quadrantanopsia

Back 7

quadrant defect in the brain on the right, lower side (in the temporal lobe radiations)

Front 8

Argyll robertson pupils
(prostitutes pupil: will accomodaste but will not react)

Back 8

1. lesion seen with tabes dorsalis(neurosyphilis)
2. lesio of the descending pupilloconstrictor fibers, w/small and irregular pupils. pupils constrict to accomodation but not to light

Front 9

adie pupil

Back 9

1. lesion in the ciliary ganglion
2. light near dissociation(flash a light it will not react but it will accomodate)
3. constricts poorly to light but better to accomodation
4. pupil redialates slowly/ larger than argyll robertson

Front 10

marcus-gunn pupil

Back 10

1. afferent pupil defect
2. interruption of the optic pathway anterior to the chiasm
3. w/ optic neuritis
4. pupils in bad eye think that the light is not bright so pupils dilate- bilateral enlargement- good eye constricts the eyes bilaterally

Front 11

CN III, IV, VI
OCULOMOTOR, TROCHLEAR, ABDUCENS

Back 11

1. problems with these nerves cause diploplia
2. ptosis - dropped eyeelids- sympathetic nervous system
3. nystagmus - named for fast phase - oscillopsia: sensation of seeing things ove back and forth, shaking, jiggling
4. anisocaria - unequal pupils. due to CNIII or sympathetic nervous system

Front 12

LMN PROBLEMS

Back 12

1. weakness or paralysis of 1/2 of face (PNS OR PONTINE PROBLEM)
2. nerve outside the CNS
3. lesions of the facial nucleus

Front 13

UMN PROBLEMS

Back 13

1. weakness lower quad of face
2. lesions are above the pons
3. weakness due to the bilateral innervation to the upper part of the face

Front 14

CN VIII VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR

Back 14

tested by rinne, weber, vestib reflex (caloric)

Front 15

CN IX and X glossopharyngeal and vagus

Back 15

X- voice and gag reflex
IX - afferent limb of gag and taste to posterior 2/3 of tongue
1. dsfx: hoarseness, swallowing dysfx, deviation od uvula away from side of weakness

Front 16

CN XII hypoglossal

Back 16

1. tested by protrusion
2. tongue points to the side of weakness
3. could be LMN IN CNXII or UMN IN NUCLEUS IN OPP. SIDE

Front 17

SYMMETRIC CHANGES

Back 17

1. polyradiculopathy
2. peripheral neuropathy
3. myelopathy (spinal cord dis.)

Front 18

ASYMMETRIC CHANGES

Back 18

1. radiculopathy
2. cns pathology (hyperreflexia is on side of prob.)

Front 19

hemianesthesia

Back 19

sc or cerebellar prob

Front 20

sensory level

Back 20

sc

Front 21

gradient

Back 21

peripheral neuropathy
(hand should be sharper than upper arm)

Front 22

dermatomal

Back 22

follows derm. pattern

Front 23

mononeuropathy

Back 23

loss in relation to a specific nerve ie carpal tunel

Front 24

hemiataxia

Back 24

sc, cerebral, brainstem prob.

Front 25

symetric loss

Back 25

peripheral neuropathy
sc

Front 26

extinction

Back 26

parietal lobe prob.
-touch right arm patient says r arm , touch left arm patient says l arm touch both patient says r arm

Front 27

atxia

Back 27

inability to coordinate movements, sc, peripheral neuropathy, cerebellar, brainstem lesions

Front 28

nystagmus

Back 28

named for fast movement

Front 29

dysdiadochokensia

Back 29

decreased rapid movements. cerebellar, cerbral, arthritic, extrapyrimidal processes, functional problems

Front 30

heel walking (tibialis anterior)

Back 30

due to l5 radiculopathy or peripheral neuropathy

Front 31

toe walking

Back 31

s1 radiculopathy, peripheral neuropathy

Front 32

rhomberg test

Back 32

pos patient falls. pos test means peripheral neuropathy, sc, vestibular dysf

Front 33

tandem walking (ataxia)

Back 33

cerebral, brainstem, cerebellum, pns or sc problems

Front 34

UMN SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Back 34

1. arm drift
2. spastic paralysis
3. weakness
4. hyperreflexia
5. lower quarter of face is weak - bilateral innervation of the upper half
6. mild muscle atrophy
7. babinski sign - up toe abnormal / down normal
8. clonus -

Front 35

LMN SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Back 35

1. flaccid paralysis
2. fasiculations
3. severe atrophy
4. hyporeflexia or areflexia
5. weakness- weak with decreased reflexs means periperal nerve; weak with bouncy reflexes means brain problms