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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 main types of seizures and characteristics?
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1. Multifocal: diffuse metabolic insult
2. Focal: localized from hemorrhage/infarct/abnormality 3. generalized tonic: severe injuries, but rare |
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What is Benign familial neonatal seizures?
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- autosomal dominant beginning ~ 3 days
- usually short acting and outgrow |
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What type of investigations shoiuld be done after a seizure?
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- Serum levels
- LP (infection) - Cranial ultransonograph - MRI - CT - EEG - genetic tests |
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What are common causes of seizure early in life (1-4 days)
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- hypoxia, drug withdraw, inborn errors, acute metabolic
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What are common causes of seizure from 4-14 days?
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- infection, metabolic disorder
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What are common causes of seizure from 2-8 weeks?
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- genetic, CNS malformations, TORCHS, injury
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What is pyridoxine dependency seizures?
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- treat with pyridoxine (B6)
- auto recessive disorder, only respond to B6 |
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What type of anticonvulsant medications should be used first?
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- phenobarbital and lorazepam (short acting)
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What are teh 2 types of perinatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and describe them.
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(most seizures)
1) hypoxic hypoxia- meconium aspiration leads to decrease ventilation with good bp 2. ischemic hypoxia: diminished tissue perfusion |
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Hypoxic hypoxia dn ischemic hypoxia damage what areas?
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- hypoxic hypoxia: diffuse damage
-ischeic: watershed zones between two major arterial systems |
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What are the clinical features of each stage of hypoxia?
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1. hyperalter, easy to startle, hyperreflexive, normal EEG
2. lethargic, hypotonic, seizures, low voltage EEG 3. comatose, seizures, no reflex, flaccid, abnormal EEG |
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What are the 3 types of birth injuries discussed?
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1. Brachial plexus
2. extracrnial hemorrhage 3. intracranial hemorrhage |
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Describe the 2 manifestations of brachial plexus injuries
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1. Erb's palsy: C5-6 lesion, waiter's tip position of arm
2. Klumpke's paralysis (C8-T1): intrinsic hand muscles paralyzed, cerivcal sym nerves interruption can cause Horner's syndrome (no sweat, miosis) |
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Describe the 2 types of extracranial hemorrhage
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Caput succedaneum: resolves edema b/c compression
Cephalhematoma: instrumental, cranial suture limit, often calcify and disappear |
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Describe the 3 types of intracranial hemorrhage
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1. epidural (deepest)- middle meningeal artery tears, increase pressure, lentiform has convex appearance, requires surgery
2. subdural 3. sub arachnoid |
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Describe Kernicterus
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- unconjugated bilirubin in BG
- signs go from lethary/irritation to stupor, decreased feeding/none, to coma - will cause neuro damage |
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What are 2 common TORCHS sign?
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1. Ca deposits
2. microcephaly |
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What is characteristic of Toxoplasmosis?
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1. diffuse intraparenchymal calcifications
2. hydrocephalis |
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What is the most common TORCH infection, and 2 symptoms
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CMV
1. deafness 2 calcifications |
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What are the 2 most common disorders of a premature infant?
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1. intraventricular hemorrhage
2. periventricular leukomalacia |
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Describe Intraventricular hemorrhage
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originates from the periventricular germinal matrix at the head of the caudate nucleus (weak and forming)
- Grade 1= germinal matrix bleed, 2= blood into ventricle 3= dilation 4= into parenchyma |
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Describe periventricular Leukomalaica (PVL)
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- most common identified cause cerebral palsy
- periventricular white matter suceptible to hypoxic injury b/c active in preterms - immature vascular and oligodendrocytes - lower extremities affected first, may be stiffness or up to permanent disability |
