Neuro 12-Brainstem I

Front 1

which nerves exit the superior orbital fissure?

Back 1

CN III, IV, V1 (ophthalmic), and VI

Front 2

which nerve exits the cribriform plate?

Back 2

CN I

Front 3

which nerve exits the foramen rotundum?

Back 3

CN V2 (maxillary)

Front 4

which nerve exits the foramen ovale?

Back 4

CN V3 (mandibular)

Front 5

which nerves exit the auditory canal (stylomastoid foramen)?

Back 5

CN VII and VIII

Front 6

which nerves exit the jugular foramen?

Back 6

CN IX, X, and XI

Front 7

describe the functional columns of brainstem sensory and motor cranial nerve nuclei

Back 7

from lateral to medial:
visceral, visceral, somatic (efferent)
somatic, somatic, visceral (afferent)

Front 8

will a unilateral lesion in the motor cortex or corticobulbar tract cause a deficit in jaw movement?

Back 8

no, UMN control reaching the trigeminal motor nucleus is predominantly bilateral

Front 9

lesion of the trigeminal nuclei in the brainstem causes

Back 9

ipsilateral loss of facial sensation b/c the primary sensory fibers do not cross before entering the nucleus

Front 10

preganglionic parasympathetics of the facial nerve originate in the

Back 10

superior salivatory nucleus

Front 11

describe the pathway of the facial nerve to the lacrimal gland

Back 11

superior salivatory nucleus → nervus intermedius → passes through the geniculate ganglion → greater petrosal synapses in the sphenopalatine (pterygopalatine) ganglion → postganglionic parasympathetics project to lacrimal gland

Front 12

describe the pathway of the facial nerve to the submandibular and sublingual glands

Back 12

superior salivatory nucleus → nervus intermedius → passes through the geniculate ganglion → chorda tympani passes through the petrotympanic fissure and synapses in the submandibular ganglion → postganglionic parasympathetics project to submandibular and sublingual glands

Front 13

what muscle does CN IX innervate?

Back 13

stylopharyngeus

Front 14

taste from the posterior 1/3 of tongue

Back 14

CN IX

Front 15

parasympathetics to parotid gland

Back 15

CN IX

Front 16

Describe the pathway of CN IX to the parotid gland

Back 16

preganglionic parasympathetics originate in the inferior salivatory nucleus → lesser petrosal synapses in otic ganglion → postganglionic parasympathetics innervate parotid gland

Front 17

CN XII innervates all of the tongue muscles except

Back 17

palatoglossus CN X

Front 18

nucleus ambiguus supplies

Back 18

branchial motor fibers of CN IX and X

Front 19

how will a unilateral lesion to CN X or the nucleus ambiguus affect the uvula and soft palate?

Back 19

uvula and soft palate will deviate towards the normal side; soft palate hangs low on the abnormal side

Front 20

CN III exits the brainstem

Back 20

ventrally at the interpeduncular fossa of the midbrain

Front 21

CN IV exits the brainstem

Back 21

dorsally from the midbrain

Front 22

CN V exits the brainstem

Back 22

ventrolateral pons

Front 23

CN VI

Back 23

ventrally at the pontomedullary junction, followed laterally by CN VII, VIII, IX, and X

Front 24

region where CN VII, VIII, IX, and X exit the brainstem

Back 24

cerebellopontine angle

Front 25

SVE includes which CNs

Back 25

V, VII, IX, X, XI

Front 26

GVE includes which CNs

Back 26

III, VII, IX, X

Front 27

GSE includes which CNs

Back 27

III, IV, VI, XII

Front 28

SSA includes which CNs

Back 28

VIII

Front 29

GSA includes which CNs

Back 29

V, VII, IX, X

Front 30

GVA includes which CNs

Back 30

IX, X

Front 31

SVA includes which CNs

Back 31

VII, IX, X

Front 32

nucleus ambiguus supplies CN

Back 32

IX and X

Front 33

Edinger-Westphal nucleus supplies CN

Back 33

III

Front 34

superior salivatory nucleus supplies CN

Back 34

CN VII

Front 35

inferior salivatory nucleus supplies CN

Back 35

CN IX

Front 36

nucleus solitarius supplies CN

Back 36

VII, IX, X

Front 37

CN that supplies parasympathetics, lacrimal glands, and all the salivary glands except the parotid

Back 37

VII

Front 38

anosmia

Back 38

olfactory loss

Front 39

intracranial lesions that occur at the base of the frontal lobe can cause

Back 39

problems with olfaction; lesions include meningioma, metastases, basal meningitis, or sarcoidosis

Front 40

mnemonic for the exit points of the 3 branches of CN V

Back 40

SRO - single room occupancy
Superior orbital fissure - V1
foramen Rotundum - V2
foramen Ovale - V3

Front 41

what are the motor functions of CN V

Back 41

muscles of mastication and tensor tympani m.

Front 42

chief trigeminal sensory nucleus provides which sensory modalities

Back 42

fine touch, dental pressure

Front 43

spinal trigeminal nucleus provides which sensory modalities

Back 43

crude touch, pain, temp.

Front 44

mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus provides which sensory modalities

Back 44

proprioception

Front 45

What is the only case in which primary sensory neurons lie within the CNS instead of in peripheral ganglia?

Back 45

mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Front 46

what are the muscles of mastication innervate by CN V?

Back 46

masseter, temporalis, and medial and lateral pterygoid

Front 47

What are the fibers that pass through the nervus intermedius responsible for?

Back 47

all functions of CN VII except motor

Front 48

where would a lesion cause loss of salivation and loss of taste in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Back 48

lesion to chorda tympani where it passes through petrotympanic fissure

Front 49

where would a lesion cause facial paralysis, loss of salivation, and taste from the anterior 2/3?

Back 49

distal to the geniculate ganglion but proximal to the chorda tympani

Front 50

where would a lesion cause loss of lacrimation, salivation, and taste from the anterior 2/3?

Back 50

nervus intermedius proximal to geniculate ganglion

Front 51

where would a lesion cause loss of lacrimation?

Back 51

greater petrosal n.

Front 52

which nerve synapses in the submandibular ganglion?

Back 52

lingual (branch of V3)

Front 53

where are the cell bodies for the taste fibers for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Back 53

geniculate ganglion

Front 54

fibers from which pathway mediates the vestibulo-ocular reflex?

Back 54

MLF (medial longitudinal fasciculus) - eye movements are adjusted for changes in head position

Front 55

most cases of vertigo are caused by

Back 55

peripheral disorders involving the inner ear

Front 56

which CN contributes to the greater petrosal n.? lesser petrosal n.?

Back 56

greater petrosal - CN VII
lesser petrosal - CN IX

Front 57

which nucleus is responsible for the branchial motor component of CN IX and X

Back 57

nucleus ambiguus in the medulla

Front 58

which nucleus is responsible for taste?

Back 58

nucleus solitarius

Front 59

which nucleus is responsible for parasympathetics to the heart, lungs, and digestive tract down to the splenic flexure?

Back 59

dorsal motor nucleus of CN X

Front 60

what will a lesion in the primary motor cortex tongue area or internal capsule cause?

Back 60

contralateral tongue weakness

Front 61

what will a lesion of the hypoglossal nucleus or nerve cause?

Back 61

ipsilateral tongue weakness

Front 62

what's the difference b/w uvula deviation and tongue deviation?

Back 62

lesion to CN X will cause uvula to deviate to the normal side, while a lesion to CN XII will cause the tongue to deviate toward the side of the lesion

Front 63

what is the most common lesion of the medulla affecting the nucleus ambiguus

Back 63

lateral medullary infarct - can affect vocal cords and cause breathiness

Front 64

dysarthria

Back 64

abnormal articulation of speech

Front 65

aspiration pneumonia

Back 65

failure of the epliglottis to close allows food or secretions to pass into the lungs

Front 66

pseudobulbar affect

Back 66

lesions of corticobulbar pathways in the subcortical white matter or brainstem can cause uncontrollable bouts of laughter or crying w/o emotion

Front 67

which CNs are involved in laughing and crying?

Back 67

VII, IX, X, and XII

Front 68

gelastic epilepsy

Back 68

seizure disorder that causes inappropriate laughter; usually associated w/ hypothalamic lesions