Neuro 1001 Unit 1

Front 1

Ossification

Back 1

A two-part process of building bone by depositing calcium salts into tissue.

Calcification is also another term used to describe the bone making process

Front 2

Chondroblast

Back 2

The first part of ossification, these are cartilage forming cells creating the cartilage model of bones

Front 3

Osteogenesis

Back 3

Shortly after birth hardening of cartilage in the bones occurs, as calcium salts are deposited into the gel like matrix of the forming bones

Front 4

Osteocytes

Back 4

Are mature bone cells that maintain the bone throughout our lifetime

Front 5

Osteoblast

Back 5

Bone building cells develop the bone tissue from the cartilage model

Front 6

Cartilage

Back 6

A tough flexible connective tissue with high water content so is softer and bone

Front 7

Articular cartilage

Back 7

In an adult the only remaining cartilage left in bone.

Front 8

Synovial fluid

Back 8

Is secreted by synovial joints and provides lubrication, oxygen and nutrition

Front 9

Periosteum

Back 9

Is a fiberous membrane that covers the bone. On the inside of this membrane are the cells necessary for bone formation and repair

Front 10

Endosteum

Back 10

Is a thinner membrane that lies the major cavity of the bone. This also contains cells necessary for bone formation

Front 11

stages of healing a fracture

Back 11

Hematoma forms

cellular proliferation

callus formation

ossification

remodeling

Front 12

Remodeling

Back 12

After bone growth has ceased bones undergo a process of changing their shapes, thickness, size all due to the needs.

Front 13

Deposition

Back 13

Is the bone formation phase of remodeling osteoblast which are formed just beneath periosteum continuously deposit bone on its external surface by moving blood calcium to the bone

Front 14

Resorption

Back 14

Is the bone destroying phase in which osteoclast break down the bone tissue to maintain blood calcium levels

Front 15

Skeletal changes caused by age

Back 15

Bones become brittle

the loss of calcium starts earlier in women

bone fractures heal more slowly with age

the average person loses a half inch every 20 years because of vertebral bodies lose height

Front 16

Compact bone

Back 16

It consist of bone tissue almost completely surrounded by dense material

Examples

the hard portion of the bone that makes up the main shaft the of long bones. In the outer layer of all bones

Front 17

Lamellae

Back 17

These are concentric rings of compact bone

Front 18

Haversian canals

Back 18

Canals formed from the lamellae

Front 19

Osteons

Back 19

Cylinder shaped units of bone. There like this supporting structures throughout the lamellae.

Think of them as columns in the caves

Front 20

Lacunae

Back 20

Within the hard layers of the lamellae osteocytes are located in the spaces

Front 21

Spongy bone (cancellous)

Back 21

It's made up of lattices of bone. These spaces in these lattices are where red bone marrow is produced.

Front 22

Trabeculae

Back 22

Space and irregular meshing of small bony plates that make up spongy bone in the spaces are filled with red bone marrow

Front 23

piezoelectric

Back 23

The ability to produce electrical current when deformed or compressed especially in the crystalline substance such as bone matrix.

Front 24

Articulate

Back 24

The meeting of bone to bone. Where to bones come together and transfer forces for movement

Front 25

Tendons. What do they do?

Back 25

Connect muscles to bones`

Front 26

Ligaments. What do they do

Back 26

hold bones together

Front 27

Long bones

Back 27

They are longer than they are wide. In the hollow space in the shaft usually contains yellow bone marrow

Front 28

Diaphysis

Back 28

The shaft of a long bone

Front 29

Epiphysis

Back 29

Are the ends of long bones. This is also where the bones grow in length

Front 30

medullary cavity

Back 30

Is the hollow space in the shaft of long bones.

Front 31

Cubed bones

Back 31

Or cubed shaped bones. Your carpals and tarsals

Front 32

Short bones

Back 32

Are generally shorter than long bones such as your metatarsals and metacarpals

Front 33

Flat bones

Back 33

There thin and flat. Your ribs in your skull

Front 34

Irregular bones

Back 34

There bones who shape do not fit in any other category such as your vertebrae your hyoid bone some facial bones and your scapula

Front 35

Sesamoid bones

Back 35

Are small and round and are embedded in certain tendons example would be your patella

Front 36

The functions of bone

Back 36

*Support soft tissue and serve as a framework for the entire body

*provide attachment points for muscles and ligaments

*protect the delicate internal organs such as the brain spinal cord, heart and lungs.

*Support his levers to provide movement created by attached muscles

*store calcium, phosphorus, and other minerals for release in the body as needed

*store lipids and bone marrow for use as energy

produce blood cells in the red bone marrow

Front 37

Endoskeleton

Back 37

Supporting structure is on the inside

Front 38

Axial skeleton

Back 38

*Forms the center or the axis of the body

* provides the body with form and protection

*the head, vertebral column, ribs and sternum

Front 39

Appendicular skeleton

Back 39

*composed of the limbs and their attachments

*the shoulder girdle in the hip girdle connect the appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton.

*Scapula, clavicle, humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula, talus, calcaneus, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges, patella.

Front 40

The bones of the face provide

Back 40

The framework for the appearance of the face

protection for the eyeball, structure for the nose, and anchor to teeth

Front 41

4 most prominent sutures are

Back 41

*Sagittal suture which is between the parietal bones

*lambdoid suture between the parietal bones in the occipital bone

*coronal suture is between the parietal bone in the frontal bones

*squamous suture is between the temporal and parietal bones

Front 42

Foramina

Back 42

Nerves and blood vessels in her in next the school through holes

Front 43

Sinuses

Back 43

Are air spaces that resonate the voice and remove some of the weight of the bones

Front 44

Sutures

Back 44

Are specialized joints between the bones of the skull

Front 45

Joints

Back 45

There places where bones come together where limbs are attached, and where the motion of the skeletal system occur

Front 46

______________ bear weight and hold the skeletal system together

Back 46

Joints

Front 47

Skin

Back 47

Is the largest organ and is our body's covering

Front 48

The eyelids have the________________ skin layer_

Back 48

Thinnest

Front 49

What's the difference between some of the structures that can feel like bone and actual bone

Back 49

The shape and rigidity of bones and bony landmarks are constant unlike other tissues which can transform from soft to hard and back again

Front 50

Skeletal muscle is the___________ contractile tissue

Back 50

Voluntary

Front 51

It's the three differences of the tissue in muscle

Back 51

Muscle tissue has a striated texture

directional muscle fibers can be used to determine the specific muscle you are palpating

muscle tissue is unique because it can be contracted or in a relaxed state

Front 52

Five types of parallel muscles

Back 52

*Flat muscles like that of the frontal muscle of the head

fusiform- the brachalis muscle

strap- satorius muscle

triangular- trapezius

sphincter

Front 53

Three types of the pennate muscles

Back 53

*unipennate the posterior tibialis

bipennate

multipennate- deltoid

Front 54

Tendons

Back 54

Are composed of dense connective tissue their bundles are parallel collagen fibers. Each muscle has at least one or more.

Front 55

Ligaments

Back 55

Connect bones together at a joint there made of uneven configuration of dense connective . This will stay taut throughout all movements or states of contractions

Front 56

Fascia

Back 56

As a form of dense connective tissue that is continuous sheet the fibrous membrane located beneath the skin around the muscles and organs from head to toe

Front 57

Aponeurosis

Back 57

Is a broad flat tendon

Front 58

Reticulum

Back 58

Is a structure that holds organ or tissue in place and has transverse fibers that run perpendicular to tendons

Front 59

Bursae

Back 59

Fluid-filled sacs that reduces friction between two structures situated primarily around joints but can also be located between two muscles. Two tendons, a tendon and a ligament, a muscle and a ligament

Front 60

Bursitis

Back 60

Inflammation of the bursa

Front 61

Plexus

Back 61

Is a bundle of nerves

Front 62

Lymph nodes

Back 62

Are small can be palpated. Are bean shaped. Can be from the size of a pea to an almond. Will be slightly movable and nontender