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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some characteristics of electrical neurotransmission?
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- Rapid speed of transmission mediated by channels that directly connect the cytoplasm of one cell to that of another
- 2 way transmission - Less common than chemical transmission |
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What are some characteristics of chemical neurotransmission?
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- Neurons are separated by a cleft: there is no contact between cytoplasms
- 1 way transmission - Neurotransmitter release by the pre-synaptic cell activates receptors on the post-synaptic cell |
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Where are neurotransmitters synthesized?
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In the cell body or axon terminal
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How is neurotransmitter released into Synaptic Cleft?
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Ca influx into the axon terminal causes fusion of vesicle with presynaptic membrante and transmitter is released into the synaptic cleft
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What is the mechanism of action when an AP activates a synapse?
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- The AP arrives at the terminal of a presynaptic axon causing a Ca voltage gated channel to open
- The influx of Ca causes vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic cell membrane and release their contents into the synaptic cleft to bind to receptors on the post synaptic membrane - The receptors cause their associated ion channels to open, thereby changing the membrane conductance and the membrane potential of the postsynaptic cell |
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What occurs during the Rab3A cycle?
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Rab3A targets vesicles to their release sites. Rab3A complexed to GTP binds to synaptic vesicles. When Rab3A hydrolyzes it to GDP, the effect is to prevent vesicles from leaving the active zone.
During exocytosis, Rab3A-GDP dissociates from the vesicle. Then the cycle re-cycles. |
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What type of gating is done by ionotropic receptors? Function?
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- Direct gating of ion channels
- Receptor is part of the same macromolecule that forms the channel it regulates - Ligand gated channel |
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What type of gating is done by metabotropic receptors? Function?
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- Indirect gating
- Receptor is distinct from the ion channel it regulates e.g. adenylyl cyclase cascade |
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What are some examples of ionotropic receptors?
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- nicotinic ACh receptor
- GABA receptor - Gly receptor - AMPA - NMDA glutamate receptor |
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What are two classes of indirectly gated ion channels?
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1. GCPR and 2nd messenger systems
2. RTKs |
