Neuro 1: Infectious Neuro

Front 1

What is the most common route of infection in the CNS?

Back 1

arterial

Front 2

Name 3 types of meningitis

Back 2

Acute bacterial (Pyogenic)
Acute viral
Chronic

Front 3

What is the most common organism in Basal ABM?

Back 3

H. influenzae (-)

Front 4

What is the overall most common organism in ABM?

Back 4

S. Pneumonia (+)

Front 5

What is so dangerous about a basal exudate?

Back 5

May undergo organization and lead to a communicating hydrocephalus

Front 6

2 parts of exudate

Back 6

neutrophils and fibrin

Front 7

What type of meningitis will you see neutrophils in SAS, especially around BV and over gyri?

Back 7

Acute Bacterial

Front 8

What are 2 complications of ABM?

Back 8

Fibrosis (Chronic adhesive arachnoiditis) and Hydrocephalus

Front 9

Which is more severe, ABM or AVM?

Back 9

ABM

Front 10

GPT

Back 10

Gulfport / Biloxi, Mississippi

Front 11

What type of meningitis will you see nothing OR mild lymphocytic (WBC) infiltration of meningies?

Back 11

AVM

Front 12

Name 2 types of chronic meningitis

Back 12

TB and Syphillis

Front 13

What type of exudate occurs in TB Meningitis?

Back 13

Basal

Front 14

Where would you see caseating grulomata over meninges?

Back 14

TB Meningitis

Front 15

Name 2 NOT immune causes of obliterative endarteritis

Back 15

TB and Syphillis Meningitis

Front 16

What may obliterative endarteritis cause?

Back 16

Thrombosis (hemorrhage)

Front 17

What color is neurosyphilis?

Back 17

WHITE

Front 18

What type of Syph Men will you find Heubner obliterative endarteritis?

Back 18

Meningovascular

Front 19

What type of Syph Men will you find delusions of grandeur and a windswept cortex?

Back 19

Paretic

Front 20

What type of Syph Men will you find invasion of brain by spirochetes?

Back 20

Paretic

Front 21

What is damaged in Tabetic Syph Men?

Back 21

Sensory nerves in the dorsal roots by spherochetes

Front 22

Where would you find impaired sense of joint position and pain?

Back 22

Tabetic Syph Men

Front 23

Organisms are found where in Tabetic Syph Men?

Back 23

Loss of myelin in dorsal ROOTS (NONE in cord lesions!)

Front 24

Name two ways the heart could give you a brain abscess

Back 24

Acute bacterial endocarditis
Cyanotic heart disease (R prone to thrombi, pass into L ventricle with less Oxygen)

Front 25

What may bronchiectasis do?

Back 25

Brain abscess

Front 26

What are the two common organisms in a brain abscess?

Back 26

staph/strep

Front 27

Space occupying lesions, rupture into ventricles or SAS or sinus thrombosis are complications of what?

Back 27

Brain abscess

Front 28

What follows bacterial/fungal infections of skull bones, air sinuses?

Back 28

Subdural empyema

Front 29

If a subdural abscess is cranial , it is associated with?

Back 29

osteomyelitis from sinusitis or surgical procedures

Front 30

If a subdural abscess is spinal, it may

Back 30

Cause cord compression--> emergency!

Front 31

What is viral encephalitis usually associated with?

Back 31

Meningitis

Front 32

Mononuclear infiltrates (lymphocytes, monocytes and plasma cells) are associated with what?

Back 32

VIRUS

Front 33

Name 2 bugs with an affinity for the brain (viruses)

Back 33

JC polyomoavirus and HSV-1

Front 34

Name 4 causes of vasculitis

Back 34

Immune, TB, Syphillis, Arthropod Borne Viral Encephalitis

Front 35

What is the most common symptom of HSV-1?

Back 35

Mood/memory changes

Front 36

Where does the HSV-1 display tropism?

Back 36

Inferior and medial regions of temporal and orbital gyri of frontal lobes

Front 37

What type of lesions will be in HSV-1?

Back 37

Necrotizing/Hemorrhagic

Front 38

Where would you see Cowdry inclusions?

Back 38

HSV

Front 39

A severe encephalitis forms in about 50% of neonates born vaginally to a mom with HSV-1.

Back 39

HSV-2

Front 40

Where would you see inclusion bodies in neurons and glia?

Back 40

Herpes Zoster

Front 41

Name 2 infections with demyelination as a side effect

Back 41

Herpes Zoster and PML

Front 42

What virus causes PML?

Back 42

JC

Front 43

What does PML have a tropism for?

Back 43

Oligodendrocytes, thus demyelinating

Front 44

What disease shows widespread areas of demyelination almost exclusively in immunosuppresed patients?

Back 44

PML

Front 45

What will show clusters of foam cells, enlarged, dark oligodenrocytic, amphophillic nuclei?

Back 45

PML

Front 46

If crumbling, think...?

Back 46

Encephalitis or PML

Front 47

What is the most opportunisitc viral pathogen in patients with AIDS?

Back 47

CMV

Front 48

In utero, CMV can lead to what?

Back 48

Periventricular necrosis, microcephaly and periventricular calcificaiton

Front 49

What is the most common lesion in adults with CMV?

Back 49

subacute encephalitis

Front 50

Where does CMV show tropism for?

Back 50

Ependymal/Subependymal regions (VENTRICLES)

Front 51

What is the main route fungus enters the brain?

Back 51

arterial

Front 52

What 2 fungi have a marked predilection for invasion of BV walls? (And become thrombotic --> comm hydrocephalus?)

Back 52

Mucor and Aspergillus (Also Candida)

Front 53

With what fungi may direct extension occur?

Back 53

Mucor

Front 54

What fungi bends at 90 degrees?

Back 54

Mucor

Front 55

What fungi can erode into the skull through the maxillary sinus?

Back 55

Mucor

Front 56

What fungi has 2 parts (pseudohyphie and branching microspores?)

Back 56

Candia albicans

Front 57

What fungi bends at less than 90 degrees?

Back 57

Aspergillus

Front 58

What fungi would be albuminocytologic? (Few cells with high protein?)

Back 58

Cryptococcal (Guillain Barre Syndrome)

Front 59

Small cysts within the parenchyma "soap bubbles" and chronic basal meningitis?

Back 59

Cryptoccocal

Front 60

Where would you see ring lesions?

Back 60

Toxoplasmosis, Abscess, TBC, fungi and Lymphoma

Front 61

Where would you see many abscesses in the junction of the striatum?

Back 61

Toxoplasmosis

Front 62

What type of necrosis after Rx in toxoplasmosis?

Back 62

Coagulative

Front 63

If toxoplasmosis in utero, necrotizing cereritis with what?

Back 63

calcification

Front 64

What two fungi show calcification?

Back 64

CMV, Toxo