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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is the pediatric population divided with regard to brain tumor?
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Neonates and infants (under 2 years)
Older children |
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How common are brain tumors in the under 2 yrs group?
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Uncommon
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How common are they in the older (>2) group?
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Second only to hematopoietic tumors with regard to neoplasms
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What proportion of brain tumors are supratentorial in neonatal/infant group?
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2/3
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What is the most common brain tumor in the neonatal period?
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Teratoma
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What are the common tumors in in the under 2 group?
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PNET
Teratoma Astrocytoma Choroid plexus papilloma |
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What are the common types of astrocytoma in the under 2 group?
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Very aggressive types: Anaplastic or GBM
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What proportion of brain tumors are supratentorial in the older group?
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1/2
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What are the common neoplasms in this group?
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Gliomas
PNET Ependymoma Craniopharyngioma Pineal region tumors |
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What percent of tumors are gliomas in this group.
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50%
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What percent are PNETs?
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15%
Medulloblastoma is just a subset of these |
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What percent are ependymoma?
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10%
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What percent are craniopharyngioma?
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10%
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What percent are pineal region?
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3%
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What is true of gliomas in this group?
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Most are astrocytomas
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What percent of supratentorial neoplasms in this group are astrocytomas?
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50%
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What is true of astrocytomas in this group?
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Most are low grade:
Pilocytic or other low grade |
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What are other gliomas in this age group?
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Oligodendroglioma
Ganglioglioma |
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What tumors occur in the infratentorial region?
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Cerebellar astrocytoma
PNET Brainstem glioma Ependymoma |
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What percent of infratentorial neoplasms are cerebellar astrocytoma?
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35%
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What percent are PNET?
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30%
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What are these PNETs?
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Medulloblastoma
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What percent are brainstem glioma?
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25%
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What percent are ependymoma?
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10%
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What is true of most cerebellar astrocytomas?
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Pilocytic
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What is true of pontine brainstem gliomas?
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All are malignant
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What is true of medullary gliomas?
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More benign
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What is special about medulloblastomas?
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Most arise in the vermis
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What percent arise in vermis?
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90%
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Where do the rest occur?
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Most of rest in cerebellar hemispheres
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What is the most common adult primary brain tumor?
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Glioma
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What percent are gliomas?
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50%
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What are most gliomas?
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astrocytomas
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What percent of gliomas are astrocytomas?
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70%
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What are the most common astrocytoma types in adults?
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More than 50% of all astrocytomas are Anaplastic or GBM.
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What is the second most common primary brain tumor?
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Meningioma
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What percent of all brain tumors in adults are meningiomas?
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20%
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What percent of all brain tumors are sellar/parasellar?
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8%
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What is the most common of these?
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Pituitary adenoma
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What is the next most common glioma after astrocytoma?
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oligodendroglioma
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What percent of all primary brain tumors is this?
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5%
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What is the most rising incidence primary brain tumor?
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Lymphoma
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What do the most common infratentorial neoplasms in adults have in common?
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All are extraaxial
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What are these?
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Schwannoma
Meningioma Epidermoid |
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What is the most common intraaxial infratentorial brain tumor?
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Mets
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What are the most common primary intraaxial posterior fossa tumors?
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Hemangioblastoma
Brainstem glioma |
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What is the most important factor in arriving at a differential diagnosis of a brain mass?
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Location
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What is the second most common factor?
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Patient age
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What are the main criteria for location?
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Intraaxial or extraaxial
Supratentorial or infratentorial |
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Besides basic parenchymal lesions, what are the specific lesion locations which can provide for a differential diagnosis?
First? |
Sellar/Suprasellar
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2?
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Intraventricular
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3?
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Pineal
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4?
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Cerebellopontine angle
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5?
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Foramen magnum
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6?
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Skull base and cavernous sinus
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7?
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Scalp, calvarium, meninges
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What is the location of the pineal gland?
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Posterior to the third ventricle
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What is inferior to the pineal gland?
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Posterior commisure of corpus callosum
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What else is inferior to the pineal?
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cerebral aqueduct
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What else is inferior to the pineal?
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Tectal plate
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What are the structures of the pineal region?
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Pineal gland
Posterior aspect of third ventricle and cerebral aqueduct Cisterns Brain Dura Vessels |
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What cisterns are in the pineal region?
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Quadrigeminal plate
Ambient |
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What other structure, which may be recognizable on imaging, is also a cistern like structure in the pineal region?
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Velum interpositum
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What portions of brain are in the pineal region?
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Tectum
Thalami Corpus callosum |
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Specifically, what part of corpus callosum is in pineal region?
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Splenium
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What anatomic dural structure is in the pineal region?
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Tentorial apex
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What veins are in the pineal region?
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Internal cerebral veins
Vein of Galen |
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What arteries are in the pineal region?
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Posterior cerebral artery
Posterior choroidal artery |
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What portion of the third ventricle is in closest approximation to the pineal gland?
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Suprapineal recess of third ventricle
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Where does the suprapineal recess go?
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Extends posteriorly, immediately above the pineal gland
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Where is the quadrigeminal plate cistern in relation to the pineal gland?
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Posterior to it
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