Neuralation And Fate Of Mesoderm

Front 1

the time is approximately day 18. ____ and ____formation are now complete. The next stage is formation of the ______.

Back 1

gastrulation and notochord formation

next stage is formation of nervous system

Front 2

Neurulation

Back 2

process of neural tube formation, which differentiates out fo the ectoderm overlying the notochord

the receptive area is an oval patch stretching from oral palte to primitive node, this area thickens into a neural plate

Front 3

neurula

Back 3

receptive area.
ectoderm migrates into area above the notochord as it grow from the primitive pit

Front 4

the neural plate has a layer of what at the cell's apical surface?

Back 4

actin filaments...these start to contract to initiate neural folding

Front 5

What activates the folding cycle?

Back 5

SHH expressed by notochord..
later, the basal neural tube will also express SHH

Front 6

Neural fold

Back 6

edges of peural plate that fold over to create a groove

Front 7

neural groove

Back 7

groove created by folding of edges of neural plate

Front 8

neural crest cells

Back 8

cells that migrate as mesenchyme from the neural fold

Front 9

simultaneously with neural tube formation is the early ___

Back 9

somites

Front 10

neural tube

Back 10

neural folds come together to fuse....now the neural groove becomes neural tube

Front 11

neural canal

Back 11

space inside the neural tube

Front 12

some neural crest aggregate ____, but many of the cells migrate through the body

Back 12

posteriorly

Front 13

day 20, the folds begin to form at the center of the embry. the anterior and posterior prarts still have_____

Back 13

neural plate

Front 14

day 22, the center folds have already fused and the fusion of the_____ continue ___and____

Back 14

neural folds continue anteriorly and posteriorly

Front 15

day 23, only __-small connections between amnion and neural tube

Back 15

2
rostral neuropore and caudal neuropore

btw. proximal part of the neural tube starts to differentiate into the brain and brainstem

Front 16

secondary neurulation:

Back 16

beyond the caudal neuropore, the neural tube (lower sacral)forms by development of medullary core, which secondarily cannulates and joins up with the rest of the neural tube

Front 17

What is the mechanism of the delay of neural tube closure

Back 17

the tube eventually closes, but the delay causes a failure of the overlying mesoderm to form bone, except in rare instances

Front 18

rostral neuropore

Back 18

normally closes day 25

Front 19

dealy in what results in exencephaly

Back 19

rostal neuropore closure

Front 20

caudal neuropore

Back 20

normally closes day 27.

delay results in spina bifida

Front 21

In body folding, the region of brain grows disproportionately ___, grwoing up and into ____.

Back 21

fast
amniotic cavity

Front 22

In body folding, the heart and spetumtransversum grow which way?

Back 22

underneath

Front 23

How is the umbilicus produced?

Back 23

restriction around the umbilical vesicle and connecting stalk

Front 24

body folding results in what folds?

Back 24

head fold
tail fold
lateral body folds

Front 25

when does the umbilical vesicle detach?

Back 25

6 wks

Front 26

what are three parts of the brain and brainstem?

Back 26

prosencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon

Front 27

germinal layers will dominate the next few cards

Back 27

have fun

Front 28

skin

Back 28

ectoderm

Front 29

epidermal glands

Back 29

ectoderm

Front 30

hair, nails

Back 30

ectoderm

Front 31

eye: lens, corneal epithelium

Back 31

ectoderm

Front 32

inner ear labyrinth

Back 32

ectoderm

Front 33

anterior pituitary

Back 33

ectoderm

Front 34

tooth enamel

Back 34

ectoderm

Front 35

neural tissue

Back 35

=neuroectoderm is a large, specialized derivative of ectoderm

Front 36

brain, brainstem and spinal cord

Back 36

neuroectoderm

Front 37

eye: retina, pigment epithelium, potic nerve part of iris

Back 37

neuroectoderm

Front 38

pas nervosa of pituitary gland

Back 38

neuroectoderm

Front 39

epithelium of alimentary canal

Back 39

endoderm

Front 40

parenchyma of pancreas and liver

Back 40

endoderm

Front 41

thyroid, parathyroid

Back 41

endoderm

Front 42

thymus

Back 42

endoderm

Front 43

lung and trachea

Back 43

endoderm

Front 44

middle ear epithelium

Back 44

endoderm

Front 45

urinary bladder and urethral epithelia

Back 45

endoderm

Front 46

vaginal epithelium

Back 46

endoderm

Front 47

endoderm forms epithelial surfaces, but the supporting elements of any given organ are derived from its ____

Back 47

mesoderm

Front 48

what are the regions of the mesoderm(6)?

Back 48

somite
intermediate mesoderm
lateral plate mesoderm
intraembryonic celom
notochord
septum transversum

Front 49

somite differentiation begins from ____

Back 49

undifferentiated mesoderm

Front 50

early somite contains a _____

Back 50

somatocoele

Front 51

somite differentiation results in 2 layers, which are?

Back 51

dermomyotome
sclerotome

Front 52

dermomyotome differentiates into what?

Back 52

dermatome and myotome

Front 53

vertebral bones and intervertebral disks from

Back 53

sclerotome

Front 54

dermis of skin, ventral skeletal muscle, doral skeletal muscle

Back 54

dermomyotome

Front 55

kidney, ureter and ductus deferens, gonads come from:

Back 55

intermediate mesoderm

Front 56

lateral plate mesoderm consists of what three mesoderms?

Back 56

somatic mesoderm (somatopleure)
intraembryonic celom
splanchnic mesoderm (splanchonopleure)

Front 57

bones, cartilage, fascia and other CT around periphery of body

Back 57

somatic mesoderm

Front 58

visceral smooth muscle, fascia and CT of viscera, associated vasculature

Back 58

splanchnic mesoderm

Front 59

what migrates with heart during embryo folding?

Back 59

septum transversum

Front 60

what separates thorax from abdomen early in development?

Back 60

septum transversum

Front 61

septum transversum participates in what developmen?

Back 61

venous cardiac

Front 62

the final derivative of the septum transversum is a part of what?

Back 62

central tendon of diaphragm

Front 63

neural crest

Back 63

arises from neural folds

Front 64

melanocytes of skin

Back 64

from neural crest

Front 65

all parts of peripherial nervous system, including ganglion cells, support cells, etc

Back 65

from neural crest

Front 66

in and near head can form bone, cartilage, and other CT of the pharyngeal arches

Back 66

from neural crest

Front 67

adrenal medulla

Back 67

from neural crest (NOT adrenal cortex)

Front 68

bulbar ridges (spiral spetum) of the heart

Back 68

from neural crest

Front 69

meninges

Back 69

from neural crest

Front 70

somitomeres

Back 70

like somites but without sclerotome

Front 71

bone and cartilage of head

Back 71

neural crest mesoderm

Front 72

connective tissues of branchial arches

Back 72

neural crest

Front 73

head muscles

Back 73

somitomeres