Neural Tissue And Introduction To The Nervous System Ch13 Exam 2

Front 1

Name the two anatomical subdivisions of
the nervous system and give a brief
description of each.

Back 1

 Central Nervous System (CNS)
 Brain and spinal cord
 Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
 Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia

Front 2

The PNS is subdivided into two divisions.
List them and state what kinds of signals
they carry and where they carry them to.

Back 2

 Afferent
 Sensory info to CNS
 Efferent
 Motor info to effectors

Front 3

What are the two basic types of effectors
that receive motor information from the
nervous system?

Back 3

 -Muscles
 Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
 -Glands

Front 4

What are the two kinds of sensory receptors
that the afferent division carries signals
from back to the spinal cord and where do
they bring sensory information from?

Back 4

 Somatic - conscious of
 Skeletal muscles, joints, skin
 Visceral – generally unaware of
 Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Front 5

What kinds of sensors are located in the
head and have their information carried
back to the brain via cranial nerves?

Back 5

 Special senses

Front 6

What are two divisions of the efferent
division and where do they deliver signals
to?

Back 6

 Somatic - mostly voluntary
 Skeletal muscles
 Autonomic - involuntary
 Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Front 7

What basic part of a neuron, generally
occurring in multiples and highly branched,
is stimulated by environmental changes or
the activities of other cells?

Back 7

 Dendrites

Front 8

What basic part of a neuron contains the
nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes and most
other organelles?

Back 8

 Cell Body (Soma)

Front 9

What basic part of a neuron, occurring
singly, conducts nerve impulses towards a
synaptic terminal where the neuron
communicates with another cell over a
synapse?

Back 9

 Axon

Front 10

What kinds of neurons carry information to
the CNS?

Back 10

 Sensory

Front 11

What kinds of neurons carry information
from the CNS to effectors?

Back 11

 Motor

Front 12

What kinds of neurons are located entirely
in the CNS where they analyze sensory
inputs and coordinate motor outputs?

Back 12

 Interneurons

Front 13

Name the 4 types of neuroglia in the CNS
and briefly describe their function.

Back 13

 -Astrocytes
 Control interstitial environment
 Blood brain barrier
 -Oligodendrocytes
 Myelin sheath
 -Microglia
 Phagocytes
 -Ependymal cells
 Cerebrospinal fluid

Front 14

Name the 2 types of neuroglia in the PNS
and briefly describe their function.

Back 14

-Satellite Cells
 Isolate sensory neuron cell body
-Schwann Cells
 Myelin sheath

Front 15

What dominates white matter?

Back 15

Myelinated axons

Front 16

 What dominates gray matter?

Back 16

 Unmyelinated axons, cell bodies, dendrites

Front 17

What do we call bundles of neuron cell
bodies found outside of the CNS?

Back 17

Ganglia

Front 18

The spinal cord descends from the foramen
magnum down to what skeletal landmark?

Back 18

L1

Front 19

Describe the relationship between the white
matter and the gray matter.

Back 19

 Gray matter = central
 White matter = peripheral

Front 20

What do we call the long dorsal and ventral
roots of the spinal cord that extend beyond
the conus medularis (conical tip at end of
spinal cord)?

Back 20

 Cauda Equina

Front 21

What root of the spinal nerve carries
outgoing motor information?

Back 21

Anterior/Ventral

Front 22

What root of the spinal nerve carries
incoming sensory information?

Back 22

Posterior/Dorsal

Front 23

What do we call the areas of the gray matter
that point in the anterior, lateral, and
posterior directions and what neuron
components are associated with each?

Back 23

Anterior – Somatic motor cell bodies
Lateral – Autonomic motor cell bodies
Posterior – Interneuron cell bodies, axons of
sensory (visceral and somatic) neurons

Front 24

Where are the cell bodies of the sensory
neurons located?

Back 24

 Dorsal (posterior) root ganglia

Front 25

What do we call the main branch of the
spinal nerve that extends anteriorly or
laterally to innervate the ventrolateral
surface of the body, the body wall, and the
limbs?

Back 25

 Ventral (anterior) ramus

Front 26

What do we call the minor branch of the
spinal nerve that extends posteriorly regions
alongside the spine?

Back 26

Dorsal (posterior) ramus

Front 27

What minor branches of the spinal nerve (in
the region from T1 to L2) carry signals to or
from ganglia associated with the ANS?

Back 27

 Rami communicantes

Front 28

What nerve plexus consists of ventral rami
from spinal nerves C1-C4 and innervates
such things as the shoulder and neck as well
as the diaphragm?

Back 28

Cervical plexus

Front 29

What nerve from this plexus (C3-C5)
innervates the diaphragm?

Back 29

 Phrenic nerve

Front 30

What nerve plexus consists of ventral rami
from spinal nerves C5-T1 and innervates
such things as the upper limb, the pectoralis
muscles and the lats?

Back 30

Brachial plexus

Front 31

Name the major nerves of Brachial plexus.

Back 31

 Axillary
 Musculocutaneous
 Median
 Radial
 Ulnar

Front 32

What nerve plexus consists of ventral rami
from spinal nerves T12-L4 and innervates
such things as the abdominal muscles,
genitalia, and the anterior and medial
muscles of the thigh?

Back 32

Lumbar plexus

Front 33

Name the major nerves of Lumbar plexus

Back 33

 Femoral
 Obturator

Front 34

What nerve plexus consists of ventral rami
from spinal nerves L4-S4 and innervates
such things as the skin and muscles of the
crural region; the foot, and the posterior
muscles of the thigh?

Back 34

Sacral plexus

Front 35

What nerve from this plexus (L4-S3) is the
largest and longest nerve in the body and
innervates the hamstrings and all of the
crural muscles?

Back 35

Sciatic nerve

Front 36

What do we call nerves that are formed
from the ventral rami of T1-T12 that do not
contribute to plexuses and innervate such
things as the intercostals muscles,
abdominal muscles, and skin of the chest
and abdomen?

Back 36

 Intercostal and subcostal nerves