Networking Fundamentals - Ch 4 - Internet Protocol

Front 1

Which of the following IP classes would be the best option when installing 284 computers on a single IP network?
a - Class A
b - Class B
c - Class C

Back 1

b - class B

Front 2

Your network has a default subnet mask of 255.0.0.0. Which class does this represent?
a - Class A
b - Class B
c - Class C

Back 2

a - Class A

Front 3

Which of the following IP numbers meet all of the criteria for a private class A network?
a - 100.10.1.0
b - 192.168.1.0
c - 172.16.0.0
d - 10.0.0.0

Back 3

d - 10.0.0.0 (Pg 74)
a - a public network IP address
c - a class B private network ID

Front 4

IPv4 resides on which layer of the OSI model?

Back 4

Network layer (layer 3)

Front 5

IP Class A (public) address range (1st octet) and default subnet mask

State the start of the private class A IP range.

Back 5

0-127
255.0.0.0

10.0.0.0

Front 6

IP Class B (public) address range (1st octet) and default subnet mask

State the start of the private class B IP range.

Back 6

128-191
255.255.0.0

172.16.0.0

Front 7

IP Class C (public) address range (1st octet) and default subnet mask

State the start of the private class C IP range.

Back 7

192-223
255.255.255.0

192.168.0.0

Front 8

Which of the following is a class A loopback address?
a - 192.168.1.0
b - 127.0.1.1
c - 127.0.0.1
d - 192.168.0.1

Back 8

c - 127.0.0.1 Pg 70

Front 9

Convert 192 to binary

Back 9

1100 0000

Front 10

Convert 254 to binary

Back 10

1111 1110

Front 11

Convert 0011 1111 from binary to decimal

Back 11

63

Front 12

APIPA

Back 12

automatic private IP addressing (pg 74)

Assigns an IP address from the class B 169.254.0.0 network if a windows client can't obtain an IP address from a DHCP server and is not configured statically.

Front 13

Default gateway

Back 13

the IP address of the first device a client computer looks for when seeking a connection outside the network. Usually the IP address of a router

Front 14

What is NAT?

Back 14

Network Address Translation

Hides private internal IP addresses behind a router. Modifies IP addresses as they pass through a network interface device (pg 151) or router.

Front 15

What is a subnet?

What is a mask?

Back 15

A subnet is a division of your logical IP network

A mask is any binary number that is a 1. If a binary digit is 0, then it is unmasked.

Front 16

What reasons do network administrators implement subnetting?

Back 16

To organize/compartmentalize networks
To reduce broadcast traffic
To increase network security
To increase data throughput
To limit access
To use IP addresses more wisely
Pg 79, 82

Front 17

What is CIDR?

Back 17

Classless inter-domain routing

Mixing different classes of IP addresses and subnet masks to create a great deal more addressing combinations. (pg 85)
Designed to slow the exhausting of IPv4 addresses
Example - 192.168.0.0 /16 - this indicates the subnet mask has 16 masked bits (or 1s) which makes it 255.255.0.0 - the default class B subnet mask. The class C IP address combined with a class B subnet mask makes the combination classless.

Front 18

Which of the following IP addresses are valid?
a - 10.80.1.15
b - 172.16.5.254
c - 10.80.256.5
d - 192.168.1.4
e - 172.16.254

Back 18

a - 10.80.1.15 - yes
b - 172.16.5.254 - yes
c - 10.80.256.5 - no, no number can be > 255
d - 192.168.1.4 - yes
e - 172.16.254 - no, missing the last number

Front 19

What are the two parts to an IP address?

(hint - every address has two parts, called IDs)

What does the subnet mask do?

(hint - it is part the IP address dividing process)

Back 19

A network ID, which identifies the subnetwork (or subnet) where the computer is located

A host ID, which identifies the computer within that subnet

The subnet mask identifies the portion of the IP address that is the network ID. Where the subnet mask is 255, the corresponding part of the IP address is the network ID.

Front 20

Consider the following IP address and subnet mask. What part of the IP address is the network ID?

192.168.1.5
255.255.255.0

Back 20

The network ID is 192.168.1.0

For each 255 in the subnet mask you include the corresponding portion of the IP address in the network ID. Where there are zeroes in the subnet mask, you place a zero in the IP address.

Front 21

ARP

Back 21

Address resolution protocol

A layer 3 IP protocol that resolves (translates) IP addresses to MAC addresses, allowing connectivity between the layer 3 IP and layer 2 ethernet systems.

The IP protocol uses ARP to determine if computers are local or remote. If the destination IP address has a different network ID it is considered to be on a remote subnet. In that case, the process is repeated until either a local address if found or, if not, data will be sent through the default gateway.

To look at two IP addresses and determine whether they are both on the same local subnet do the following:

Determine the network IDs of both addresses. If they are the same, they are local.

(info from two text books and wikipedia)

Front 22

Look at the following 3 address combinations and determine if the source and destination addresses are local to each other.

Back 22

1. The network ID for both is 192.168.1.0; therefore they are local to each other.
2. The network ID for both is 10.80.0.0; therefore they are local to each other.
3. The network ID for the source is 192.168.1.0 and for the destination it is 192.168.11.0. Therefore the destination is remote.

Front 23

What does it mean that IPv4 is a "classful" logical addressing scheme?

Back 23

It means that the range of possible addresses (from 1-223) are divided into classes from A-C. More specifically, they range from 1.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.254.

Front 24

Determine the network ID, class, and subnet mask from the following IP address:

192.168.1.3

Back 24

Class: C
Subnet Mask - 255.255.255.0
Network ID - 192.168.1.0

Front 25

Determine the network ID, class, and subnet mask from the following IP address:

172.16.4.7

Back 25

Class - B
Subnet mask - 255.255.0.0
Network ID - 172.16.0.0

Front 26

Determine the network ID, class, and subnet mask from the following IP address:

10.80.20.4

Back 26

Class - A
Subnet mask - 255.0.0.0
Network ID - 10.0.0.0

Front 27

T/F:
The following is a link-local unicast address:
fe80::260:8ff:fec0:98d%4

Back 27

True (Pg 88)
the :fe80" defines it as a link-local IPv6 address

Link-local addresses consist of Windows auto-configured addresses, starting with either FE80, FE90, FEA0, or FEB0, and the loopback address, AKA ::1

Front 28

What are the 3 parts of an IPv6 address such as 2001:4800:0000:2001:0000:0000:0000:0068 ?

Back 28

Global routing prefix Subnet Interface ID
2001:4800:0000 2001 0000:0000:0000:0068
Defines the network | host IP
subnet of the network
the address is located on

Front 29

What is the proper way to abbreviate an IPv6 address such as
2001:4800:0000:2001:0000:0000:0000:0068 ?

Back 29

Replace all the 0s after 2001 with ::68 to get
2001:4800:0000:2001::68

Remember, the :: can only be used once, so trying to use it for the 4 zeroes after 4800 would be incorrect.

Front 30

How would you ping the local loopback address in IPv6?

Back 30

ping::1 (pg 89)

Front 31

What is a dual IP stack?

Back 31

A situation where there are two IP software implementations in an OS - one for IPv4 and one for IPv6.

Having both present allows programmers to write networking code that supports both protocols. In such an environment, IPv4 addresses are written a bit differently with ::ffff: inserted at the beginning (pg 93)

Front 32

What is IPv6 tunneling (AKA IP 6 to 4)?

Back 32

A service that encapsulates IPv6 packets inside IPv4 datagrams. This allows connectivity for IPv4 hosts that are behind an IPv4 device or IPv6 unaware device, thus preserving backward-compatibility with IPv4.

Such an address would look like such:
Fe80::5efe:10.0.0.2%2

Pg 93

Front 33

You have installed a device that has two IP addresses. One address, 64.51.216.27, is displayed to the internet. The other, 192.168.50.254, communicates with the LAN. What technology have you implemented?
a - subnetting
b - IPv6
c - NAT
d - Class A public address

Back 33

c - NAT, or Network Address Translation

Front 34

Which of the following is a valid private address?
a - 169.254.255.22
b - 192.169.1.1
c - 192.168.44.105
d - 127.200.191.1

Back 34

c - 192.168.44.105

a - 169.254.255.22 is an APIPA address. APIPA uses network ID 169.254.0.0 (all addresses that begin with 169.254...)
b - 192.169.1.1 falls outside of the private address range
d - addresses beginning with 127 are reserved for local loopback use.

Class A private addresses are only 10....
Class B private addresses range from 172.16... to 172.31...
Class C private addresses range from 192.168.0... to 192.168.255...

Anything outside of these ranges are most likely public IP addresses.

Front 35

Which of the following IP addresses is a site local address? What does that mean?
a - FF01::1
b - FE80:1234:03D4:4F83:5ABC:1283:0321:ABCD
c - FECO:1234:03D4:4F83:5ABC:1283:0321:ABCD
d - FF02::1

Back 35

c is the correct answer. A site local address must begin with FECO and is relevant on any link within a site.

b - a link-local unicast address, which must begin with FE80. A packet addressed to a link-local address cannot be routed to a different link of the network. An IPv6 router never forwards link-local traffic beyond the local link.

a - an interface-local (or "node-local") multicast address
d - a link-local multicast address

Multicast addresses are used to send a message to multiple nodes and must begin with FF.