Network+ Thomson Course Technology Chapter Two

Front 1

802.2

Back 1

The IEEE standard for error and flow control in data frames.

Front 2

802.3

Back 2

The IEEE standard for Ethernet networking devices and data handling.

Front 3

802.5

Back 3

The IEEE standard for Token Ring Networking devices and data handling.

Front 4

802.11

Back 4

The IEEE standard for wireless networking.

Front 5

ACK (Acknowledgement)

Back 5

A response generated at the Transport layer of the OSI model that confirms to a sender that its frame was received. It is the third of three in the three step process of establishing a connection.

Front 6

ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

Back 6

An organization composed of more than 1000 representatives from industry and government who together determine standards for the electronics industry in addition to other fields, such as chemical and nuclear engineering, health and safety, and construction.

Front 7

API (application program interface)

Back 7

A set of routines that make up part of a software application.

Front 8

Application Layer

Back 8

The seventh layer of the OSI Model. It enables software programs to negotiate formatting, procedural, security, synchronization, and other requirements with the network.

Front 9

Block ID

Back 9

The first set of six characters that make up the MAC address and that are unique to a particular manufacturer.

Front 10

checksum

Back 10

A method of error checking that determines if the contents of an arriving data unit match the contents of the data unit sent by the source.

Front 11

connection-oriented

Back 11

A type of Transport layer protocol that requires the establishment of a connection between communicating nodes before it will transmit data.

Front 12

connectionless

Back 12

A type of Transport layer protocol that services request without requiring a verified session and without guaranteeing delivery of data.

Front 13

CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)

Back 13

An algorithm (or mathematical routine) used to verify the accuracy of data contained in a data frame.

Front 14

Data Link layer

Back 14

The second layer in the OSI Model. It bridges the networking media with the Network layer. Its primary function is to divide the data it receives from the Network layer into frames that can then be transmitted by the Physical layer.

Front 15

Device ID

Back 15

The second set of six characters that make up a network device's MAC address. It is added at the factory, is based on the device's model and manufacture date.

Front 16

EIA (Electronic Industries Alliance)

Back 16

A trade organization composed of representatives from electronics manufacturing firms across the United States that sets standards for electronic equipment and lobbies for legislation favorable to the growth of the computer and electronics industries.

Front 17

encapsulate

Back 17

The process of wrapping one layer's PDU with protocol information so that it can be interpreted by a lower layer. IE(Data Link layer protocols do this too Network layer packets in frames.

Front 18

Ethernet

Back 18

A networking technology originally developed at Xerox in the 1970s and improved by Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel and Xerox. It is the most common form of network transmission tehcnology, follows the IEEE 802.3 standard.

Front 19

FCS (frame check sequence)

Back 19

The field in a frame repsonsible for ensuring that data carried by the frame arrives intact. It uses an algorithm, such as CRC, to accomplish this verification.

Front 20

flow control

Back 20

A method of guaging the appropriate rate of data transmission based on how fast the recepient can accept data.

Front 21

fragmentation

Back 21

A Network layer service that subdivides segments it receives from the Transport layer into smaller packets.

Front 22

frame

Back 22

A package for data that includes not only the raw data, or "payload," but also the sender's and recipient's addressing and control information. Frames are generated at the Data Link layer of the OSI model and are issued to the network at the Physical layer.

Front 23

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

Back 23

An application layer protocol that formulates and interprets requests between Web clients and servers.

Front 24

IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)

Back 24

A nonprofit, US government-funded group that was established at the University of Southern California and charged with managing IP address allocation and the domain name system. The oversight for many of IANA's functions was given to ICANN in 1998; however, IANA continues to perform Internet addressing and domain system administration.

Front 25

ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)

Back 25

The non-profit corporation currently designated by the U.S. government to maintain and assign IP addresses.

Front 26

IEEE (Insttitue of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

Back 26

An international society composed of engineering professionals. Its goals are to promote development and education in the electrical engineering and computer science fields.

Front 27

IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)

Back 27

An organization that sets standards for how systems communicate over the Internet. IE(how protocols operate and interact).

Front 28

IP (Internet Protocol)

Back 28

A core protocol in the TCP/IP suite that operates in the Network layer of the OSI model and provides information about how and where data should be delivered. It is the subprotocol that enabled TCP/IP to internetwork.

Front 29

IP address (Internet Protocol Address)

Back 29

The Network layer address assigned to nodes to uniquely identify them on a TCP/IP network. IP addresses consist of 32 bits divided into four octets or bytes.

Front 30

ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

Back 30

A collection of standards organizations representing 146 countries with headquarters located in Geneva, Switzerland. Its goal is to establish international technological standards to facilitate the global exchange of information and barrier-free trade.

Front 31

ISOC (Internet Society)

Back 31

A professional organization with memmbers from over 180 countries that helps to establish technical standards for the internet.

Front 32

ISP(Internet Service Provider)

Back 32

A business that provides organizationsand individuals with internet access and often other services, such as email and Web hosting.

Front 33

ITU (International Telecommunication Union)

Back 33

A United Nations agency that requlates international telecommunications and provides developing countries with technical expertise and equipment to advance their technilogical bases.

Front 34

LLC (Logical Link Control) sublayer

Back 34

The upper sublayer in the Data Link layer. It provides a common interface and supplies reliability and flow control services.

Front 35

MAC address

Back 35

A 12-character string that uniquely identifies a network node. The manufacturer hard codes it into the NIC. This address is composed of the Block ID and Device ID.

Front 36

MAC (Media Access Control) sublayer

Back 36

The lower sublayer of the Data Link layer. The MAC appends the physical address of the destination computer onto the frame.

Front 37

MTU (maximum transmission unit)

Back 37

The lagest data unit a network (for example, Ehternet or Token Ring) will accept for transmission.

Front 38

network address

Back 38

A unique identifying number for a network node that follows a hierarchical addressing scheme and can be assigned through operating system software. Network addresses are added to data packets and interpereted by protocols at the Network layer of the OSI model.

Front 39

Network layer

Back 39

The third layer in the OSI Model. Protocols in the Network layer translate network addresses into their physical counterparts and decide how to route data from the sender to the receiver.

Front 40

OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Model

Back 40

A model for understanding and developing computer-to-computer communication developed in the 1980s by ISO. It divides the networking functions among seven layers: Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical.

Front 41

Physical layer

Back 41

The lowest, or first, layer of the OSI model. Protocols in the Physical layer generate and detect voltage so as to transmit and receive signals carrying data over a network medium. These protocols also set the data transmission rate and monitor data error rates, but do not provide error correction.

Front 42

Presentation layer

Back 42

The sixth layer of the OSI model . Protocols in this layer translate between the application and the network. Here, data are formatted in a scheme that the network can understand , with the format varying according to the type of network used. It also manages data encryption and decryption, such as the scrambling of system passwords.

Front 43

reassembly

Back 43

The process of reconstructing data units that have been segmented.

Front 44

RIR (Regional Internet Registry)

Back 44

A not-for-profit agency that manages the distribution of IP addresses to private and public entities. ARIN is the RIR for North, Central, and South America and sub-Saharan Africa. APNIC is the RIR for Asia and the Pacific region. RIPE is the RIR for Europe and North Africa.

Front 45

route

Back 45

TO direct data intelligently between networks based on addressing, patterns of usage, and availability of network segments.

Front 46

router

Back 46

A device that connects network segments and directs data based on information contained in the data pack.

Front 47

segment

Back 47

A unit of data that results from subdividing a larger protocol data unit.

Front 48

segmentation

Back 48

The process of decreasing the size of data units when moving from a network that can handle larger data units to a network that an handle only smaller data units.

Front 49

sequencing

Back 49

The process of assigning a placeholder to each piece of a data block to allow the receiving node's Transport layer to reassemble the data in the correct order.

Front 50

session

Back 50

A connection for data exchange between two parties. The term "session" may be used in the context of Web, remote access, pr terminal and mainframe communications , for example.

Front 51

session layer

Back 51

The fifth layer in the OSI model. It establishes and maintains communication between two nodes on the network. It can be considered the "traffic cop" for network communciations.

Front 52

standard

Back 52

A documented agreement containing technical specifications or other precise criteria that are used as guidelines to ensure that materials, products, processes and services suit their intended purpose.

Front 53

SYN (synchronization)

Back 53

The packet a node sends to request a connection with is the first of thanother node on the network. It is the first of three in the three-step process of establishing a connection.

Front 54

SYN-ACK
(synchronization-acknowledgement)

Back 54

The packet a node sends to acknowledge to another node that it has received a SYN request for a connection. This item is the second of three in the three-step process of establishing a connection.

Front 55

terminal

Back 55

A device with little(if any) of its own processing or disk capacity that depends on a host to supply it with applications and data-procession services.

Front 56

TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association)

Back 56

A subgroup of the EIA that focuses on standards for IT, wireless, satellite, fiber optics, and telephone equipment. It is best known for standards on installing network cable in commercial buildings; 568-B series.

Front 57

token

Back 57

A special control frame that indicates to the rest of the network that a particular node has the right to transmit data.

Front 58

Token Ring

Back 58

A networking technology developed by IBM in the 1980s. It relies on direct links between nodes and a ring topology; using tokens to allow nodes to transmit data.

Front 59

Transport Layer

Back 59

The fourth layerof the OSI model. It ensures that data are trasnferred from point A to point B reliably and wihtout errors. It includes flow control, acknowledgement, error correction, segmentation, reassembly, and sequencing.

Front 60

Which of the following standards organizations has established guidelines for installing network cables in commercial buildings?

Back 60

TIA/EIA

Front 61

Which technology does the IEEE 802.5 specification describe?

Back 61

Token Ring LANs

Front 62

What IEEE specification governs wireless networking?

Back 62

802.11

Front 63

Which layer of the OSI Model is responsible for issuing acknowledgments (ACKs)?

Back 63

Transport layer

Front 64

Which OSI Model layer is responsible for keeping open a communications path between your computer and the server when you dial in to a remote access server?

Back 64

Session layer

Front 65

Suppose your network is connected to another network via a router. Which OSI Model layer will provide the information necessary to direct data between the two networks?

Back 65

Network layer

Front 66

Which two layers of the OSI Model do NICs belong?

Back 66

Physical and Data Link layer

Front 67

Which standards organization developed the OSI Model?

Back 67

ISO

Front 68

Under what circumstances would the Transport layer use segmentation?

Back 68

When the destination node cannot accept the size of the data blocks transmitted by the source node

Front 69

Which OSI Model layer generates and detects voltage so as to transmit and receive signals carrying data?

Back 69

Physical layer

Front 70

What type of address follows a hierarchical format?

Back 70

network addresses

Front 71

If the TCP protocol did not receive an acknowledgment for data it transmitted, what would it do?

Back 71

retransmit the data to the recipient

Front 72

Token Ring technology was originally developed by which company?

Back 72

IBM

Front 73

Which part of the MAC address is unique to each manufacturer?

Back 73

The Block ID

Front 74

What is the purpose of the trailer field added to a frame in the Data Link layer?

Back 74

to mark the end of a frame

Front 75

What are the sublayers of the Data Link layer as defined in the IEEE 802 standards?

Back 75

Logical Link Control sublayer and Media Access Control sublayer

Front 76

Which layer of the OSI Model encapsulates Network layer packets?

Back 76

Data Link layer

Front 77

What is the purpose of the token frame in a Token Ring network?

Back 77

To indicate to the network that a particular node is about to transmit data

Front 78

In what situation would it be most desirable to use a connectionless Transport layer protocol?

Back 78

when viewing a movie clip on the Web

Front 79

Which of the following would be found in a Data Link layer header?

Back 79

The source’s physical address

Front 80

The two sublayers of the Data Link Layer are?

Back 80

Logical Link Control and Media Access Control.

Front 81

The three steps in the three-step connection process.

Back 81

1)SYN
2)SYN-ACK
3)ACK