Network Plus Flash Cards

Front 1

What layer is the physical layer

Back 1

Layer 1

Front 2

What does the physical layer describe?

Back 2

Cabling and connectors

Front 3

What is a physical address in networking?

Back 3

MAC address

Front 4

New name for MAC address

Back 4

EUI - 48

Front 5

How is MAC divided

Back 5

First 24 bits for OUI - Second 24 bits unique to that OUI

Front 6

Define OUI

Back 6

Organizationally Unique Identifier

Front 7

Fields of an Ethernet frame

Back 7

Recipient's MAC address, Sender's MAC address, Type, Data, FCS

Front 8

Define FCS

Back 8

Frame check sequence. Uses binary math to chec, frame against field to verify data hasn't changed. Check is called CRC, or Cyclic Redundancy Check

Front 9

Standard max size of Ethernet frame

Back 9

1500 bytes

Front 10

Typical FCS size

Back 10

4 bits

Front 11

MAC broadcast address

Back 11

FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF

Front 12

Define Propagate

Back 12

The way data moves down a cable or through a network.

Front 13

What are dropped frames

Back 13

Frames that do not have correct information. For example, they were either received at the wrong destination, the time to live has expired, or the FCS has failed.

Front 14

Any device with a MAC address is participating in what layer?

Back 14

Layer 2

Front 15

How does a NIC divide the second layer?

Back 15

Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC)

Front 16

Define and provide duties of Logical Link Control

Back 16

Layer 2 process where the NIC communicates with the OS via device drivers. Handles multiple network protocols and provides *flow control*.

Front 17

Define and provide duties of Media Access Control

Back 17

Creates and addresses each frame. Adds NICS MAC and attaches MAC addresses to frames.

Front 18

At what layers does the NIC exist?

Back 18

Layer 1 and Layer 2

Front 19

What does TCP/IP stand for?

Back 19

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

Front 20

Define Encapsulation

Back 20

Process of sending data to the lower layers to have additional headers and footers added and eventuallly broadcast.

Front 21

Define De-ecapsulation

Back 21

Process of removing the current layer's header and footer to send it to the next-higher layer and eventually go to the applications

Front 22

Unique Identifiers of a TCP/IP network

Back 22

MAC address and IP address

Front 23

Name for a piece of Layer 2 data

Back 23

Frame

Front 24

Name for a piece of Layer 3 Data

Back 24

Packet

Front 25

What is the purpose of the transport layer?

Back 25

Recogntion of data transmission, disassembly and reassembly of data, Verificaion of good data transmission, ordering packets.

Front 26

What is the purpose of the session layer?

Back 26

Initiates, accepts, and opens/closes sessions. Manages sessions to prevent data from being confused.

Front 27

What is the purpose of the presentation layer?

Back 27

Presents data in a usable format and sends data to the lower layers. Manages encryption.

Front 28

What is the purpose of the Application layer

Back 28

Presents data to the user without knowledge of network protocols.

Front 29

Names for a piece of Layer 4 data

Back 29

Segment, or datagram

Front 30

Names of layers in OSI model

Back 30

Physical, Datalink, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application

Front 31

Names of layers in TCP/IP model

Back 31

Link/Network interface, Internet, Transport, Application

Front 32

Connect the layers of the TCP/IP model to the OSI model

Back 32

Link/Network interface layer in TCP/IP connects to the Physical and Datalink layers in OSI. The TCP/IP Internet layer connects to the OSI Network layer, Transport Layer is Transport layer on both but it also includes assembly and disassembly of data and connection-oriented/connectionless communication--this means that Transport in TCP/IP also encompasses Session in OSI. Lastly, the TCP/IP Application layer encompasses the Application, Presentation, and Session OSI layers.

Front 33

Why is the TCP/IP model different from the OSI layer

Back 33

The TCP/IP model, by name, focuses on Transmission Control and Internet. The other layers exist, but are not broken down because they are not neeeded to be detailed for TCP/IP to function.

Front 34

TCP/IP Internet-layer protocols

Back 34

IP

Front 35

TCP/IP Transport-layer protocols

Back 35

TCP UDP

Front 36

TCP/IP Application-layer protocols

Back 36

HTTP, POP, VOIP

Front 37

Layer 6&7 data

Back 37

Just data, or the payload.

Front 38

"Where does a hub send data?
A. Only to the receiving System
B. Only to the sending system
C. To all the systems connected to the hub
D. Only to the server"

Back 38

C. A hub sends data to all the other systems connected to the hub. There is no processing, all other devices connected receive the signal.

Front 39

"What uniqely Identifies every NIC?
A. IP address
B. Media access control address
c. ISO number
D. Backet ID number"

Back 39

B. The Media Access control (MAC) address identifies each NIC with a 48-bit number.

Front 40

"What Windows utility do you use to find the MAC address for a system?
A. ipconfig /all
B. ipcfg /all
C. ping
D. mac"

Back 40

B. ipconfig /all will show you the IP and MAC addresses of every network interface visible to the system. This is a Windows command.

Front 41

"A MAC address is known as a(n) ________ address.
A. IP
B. logical
C. physical
D. OEM"

Back 41

C. MAC addresses are known as physical addresses, because they are physically connected to the interface.

Front 42

"A NIC sends data in descrete chunks called
A. segments
B. sections
C. frames
D. Layers"

Back 42

C. The NIC sends data in frames, since it is communicating on the second layer

Front 43

"Which MAC address begins a frame?
A. Receiving system
B. Sending system
C. Network
D. Router"

Back 43

B. The receiving system's MAC address begins a frame, that way the systems not intended to receive data are able to discard the rest of the information. The Sending system's information is next, followed by the type of data, the data itself, and finally the FCS

Front 44

"A frame ends with a special bit called the frame check sequence (FCS). What does the FCS do?
A. Cycles data across the network
B. Verifies that the MAC addresses are correct
C. Verifies that the data arrived correctly
D. Verifies that the IP address is correct"

Back 44

C. The FCS verifies that the data arrived correctly

Front 45

"Which of the following is an example of a MAC address?
A. 0-255
B. 00-50-56-A3-04-0C
C. SBY3M7
D. 192.168.4.13"

Back 45

"B. 00-50-56-A3-04-0C
0-255 is the range of numbers of an octet in an IP address, SBY3M7 might be a good password if it wasn't so short, so it might be a system name. 192.168.4.13 is an example of an IP address.

Front 46

"
"Which layer of the TCP/IP model controls the assembly and disassembly of data?
A. Application layer
B. Presentation Layer
C. Session layer
D. Transport layer
"

Back 46

D. The transport layer is in charge of assembly and disassembly of data.

Front 47

"Which layer of the OSI seven-layer model keeps track of a system's connections to send the right response to the right computer?
A. Application layer
B. Presentation layer
C. Session layer
D. Transport layer"

Back 47

C. The session layer keeps track of a system's connections, also known as sessions.

Front 48

Define a bus topoplogy

Back 48

A single cable connects all computers in a line. A system sends data down both ends until the bus terminates and the data cannot travel further.

Front 49

Define a ring topology

Back 49

A single cable connects all computers in a ring, ending up where it started. Data goes one way around the network, and is removed when it reaches the sending terminal.

Front 50

Why does a bus topology need terminated?

Back 50

Without a terminator, the data will reflect back down the line, causing a denial of service.

Front 51

How does a ring topology terminate

Back 51

A ring topolgy does not terminate, or you can say that the ring terminates itself.

Front 52

What is the main weakness of bus and ring topologies?

Back 52

A break in the cable means a break in the communication for all machines

Front 53

Define a star topology

Back 53

All systems communicate through a central connection.

Front 54

What is the main advantage of a star topology

Back 54

Fault tolerance. If the cable breaks, all other connections remain

Front 55

Provide two examples of hybrid toplogies, and explain which we use currently.

Back 55

Star-bus and star-ring. Star-bus is what we currently use, having shrunk the Ethernet bus into central networking devices.

Front 56

What is the more common term for signaling topology?

Back 56

Logical topology

Front 57

What is a mesh network. What kinds are there?

Back 57

In a meshed network, systems connect to multiple systems, creating redundant links. There are fully-meshed networks, where all machines connect to each other, and partially-meshed networks, where at least two machines have a redundant connection.

Front 58

Where might you see a meshed network?

Back 58

In an enterprised network backbone, or very large important networks with high availability.

Front 59

Define Point to Multipoint topology

Back 59

One system connects to all other systems, and all data flows through the one system.

Front 60

Define Point to Point topology

Back 60

Two systems connected to each other.

Front 61

What is the difference between point to multipoint and star topologies?

Back 61

The difference is the central connection point. In a star topology, it is a box that is dedicated to network switching. In Point-to-multipoint, the central point is a system.

Front 62

What are the parts of Coaxial cable?

Back 62

Central conductor wire surrounded by insulated material, surrounded by a metal shield (usually braided), and then jacketed

Front 63

Why is coaxial cable good for places with heavy network interference?

Back 63

The metal shield acts as a ground, and diverts ElectroMagnetic Interference away from the signal

Front 64

What type of connectors are available for coax?

Back 64

BNC and F-type

Front 65

What are the properties of a BNC connnector?

Back 65

BNC connectors are stick and twist to lock into place

Front 66

What are the properties of a F-connector

Back 66

Fconnectors screw on for a better connection.

Front 67

What type of coaxial cable is used for network cabling?

Back 67

RG6

Front 68

How does one take a coaxial signal and send it to multiple devices at once?

Back 68

Coaxial splitter

Front 69

How does one connect a coaxial cable to another cable?

Back 69

Barrel connector

Front 70

What is shielded twisted pair?

Back 70

twisted pairs of metal wiring inside of a metal jacket inside of a plastic jacket

Front 71

Why is shielded twisted pair shielded?

Back 71

Protection from EMI

Front 72

What is unshielded twisted pair?

Back 72

Twisted pairs of metal wiring inside a plastic jacket

Front 73

Why twisted pairs?

Back 73

Twisting the pairs of cables together reduces crosstalk.

Front 74

What is the frequency rating of CAT 1 cable?

Back 74

<1 MHz

Front 75

What is the frequency rating of CAT 2 cable?

Back 75

4 MHz

Front 76

What is the frequency rating of CAT 3 cable?

Back 76

16 MHz

Front 77

What is the frequency rating of CAT 4 cable?

Back 77

20 MHz

Front 78

What is the frequency rating of CAT 5 cable?

Back 78

100 MHz

Front 79

What is the frequency rating of CAT 5a cable?

Back 79

100 MHz

Front 80

What is the frequency rating of CAT 6 cable?

Back 80

250 MHz

Front 81

What is the frequency rating of CAT 6a cable?

Back 81

500 MHz

Front 82

What is the maximum bandwidth of CAT 1 cable?

Back 82

Analong phone lines only

Front 83

What is the maximum bandwidth of CAT 2 cable?

Back 83

4 Mbps

Front 84

What is the maximum bandwidth of CAT 3 cable?

Back 84

16 Mbps

Front 85

What is the maximum bandwidth of CAT 4 cable?

Back 85

20 Mbps

Front 86

What is the maximum bandwidth of CAT 5 cable?

Back 86

100 Mbps

Front 87

What is the maximum bandwidth of CAT 5a cable?

Back 87

1000 Mbps

Front 88

What is the maximum bandwidth of CAT 6 cable?

Back 88

10,000 Mbps

Front 89

What is the maximum bandwidth of CAT 6a cable?

Back 89

10,000 Mbps

Front 90

Is CAT 1 cable in use?

Back 90

No, the cable is no longer recognized by TIA/EIA.

Front 91

Is CAT 2 cable in use?

Back 91

No, the cable is no longer recognized by TIA/EIA.

Front 92

Is CAT 3 cable in use?

Back 92

Yes

Front 93

Is CAT 4 cable in use?

Back 93

No, the cable is no longer recognized by TIA/EIA.

Front 94

Is CAT 5 cable in use?

Back 94

No, the cable is no longer recognized by TIA/EIA.

Front 95

Is CAT 5a cable in use?

Back 95

Yes

Front 96

Is CAT 6 cable in use?

Back 96

Yes

Front 97

Is CAT 6a cable in use?

Back 97

Yes

Front 98

What is the main difference between using CAT 6 and CAT 6a?

Back 98

CAT 6a can run 10 Gbit Ethernet at 100 meters, while CAT 6 is limited to 55 meters.

Front 99

What type of connectors are used for twisted pair?

Back 99

RJ, or Registered Jack

Front 100

What is the difference between telephone and networking connectors?

Back 100

Telephone connnectors are 4-pin RJ-11 connectors. Network connnectors are 8-pin RJ-45 connectors.

Front 101

What are the parts to a Fiber Optic cable?

Back 101

The fiber core, cladding, buffer, and jacket

Front 102

What is the purpose of the cladding in fiber optic cables?

Back 102

It reflects the light down the fiber, and gives the cable some thickness.

Front 103

What is the purpose of the buffer in fiber optic cables?

Back 103

Stiffens the cable to give strnegth

Front 104

How is fiber optic cable measured?

Back 104

Two numbers are used to measure fiber optic cables. The first is the core diameter, and the second is the cladding diameter. A common size is 62.5/125 um (micrometers)

Front 105

Why are most fiber optic cables in pairs?

Back 105

One is used for sending, and one is used for receiving

Front 106

How is light sent down a fiber optic cable?

Back 106

The light is transmitted by LED for multi-mode fiber and laser for single-mode fiber

Front 107

How does multimode fiber differ from single-mode?

Back 107

Multimode fiber uses LEDs, and can send several signals at once. Single-mode sends one signal at a time using a laser.

Front 108

What is the main problem resolved by using single-mode fiber

Back 108

Modal distortion, where signals sent at the same time don't arrive at the same time because the signals took slightly-different paths.

Front 109

What wavelengths of light are used for fiber optics?

Back 109

Multimode cables use 850 nm wavelenghts, wehre single-mode fiber transmits at 1310 or 1550 nm

Front 110

What type of fiber connector is single and looks and works like a BNC?

Back 110

ST. Think stick and twist. The BNC and the ST connectors only have a short twist, so they clip on and are not screwed on

Front 111

What type of fiber connector is single, square, plastic, and clicks into place?

Back 111

SC connectors. Think Stick and click.

Front 112

What type of fiber optic connector is small, square, comes in pairs, and has a plastic clip.

Back 112

LC. Think little connnectors, since the two little connectors make up a big one.

Front 113

What type of fiber connector is closest to a coax f connector?

Back 113

FC. They operate the same way as a coax connector. The operator plugs in the cable and screws it in.

Front 114

What is the proper name for a serial cable when networking?

Back 114

RS-232, recommended standard.

Front 115

Describe a serial port

Back 115

DB-9, male

Front 116

What is the name for a parallel connector?

Back 116

IEEE 1284

Front 117

What does a parallel port look like?

Back 117

Female DB-25

Front 118

What are the common fire ratings for cables?

Back 118

PVC, riser, and plenum

Front 119

What is the difference between fire ratings on cabling?

Back 119

PVC cables create thic acrid smoke when burning. Riser cable is more expensive and creates less smoke. Plenum cable is even more expensive and creates the least smoke.

Front 120

What is a plenum?

Back 120

The space between acoustic tiles and the actual ceiling.

Front 121

What is the riser?

Back 121

the vertical space inside a wall.

Front 122

Why use plenum cable when you can use riser?

Back 122

Plenum cable is more safe and most installations call for it out of safety concerns.

Front 123

"Which of the following topologies require termination?
A. Star
B. Bus
C. Mesh
D. Ring"

Back 123

B. Only the bus requires termination. All other types terminate at a system.

Front 124

"Star-bus is an example of a ___________ topology.
A. transitional
B. system
C. hybrid
D. rampant"

Back 124

C. hybrid

Front 125

"Of all the topologies listed, which one is the most fault-tolerant?
A. Point-to-point
B. Bus
C. Star
D. Ring"

Back 125

C. Star

Front 126

"What term is used to describe the interconnectivity off network components?
A. Segmentation
B. Map
C. Topology
D. Protocol"

Back 126

C. Topology

Front 127

"Coaxial cables all have a(n) __________ rating.
A. resistance
B. watt
C. speed
D. ohm"

Back 127

D. ohm

Front 128

"Which of the following is a type of coaxial cable?
A. RJ-45
B. RG-59
C. BNC
D. Barrel"

Back 128

B. RG-59

Front 129

"Which network topology connects nodes with a ring of cable?
A. Star
B. Bus
C. Ring
D. Mesh"

Back 129

C. Ring

Front 130

"Which network topology is most commonly seen only in wireless networks?
A. Star
B. Bus
C. Ring
D. Mesh"

Back 130

D. Mesh

Front 131

"Whioch of the following is a duplex fiber-optic connection?
A. LC
B. RJ-45
C. ST
D. SC"

Back 131

A. LC

Front 132

"What is the most common category of UTP used in new cabling installations?
A. CAT 5
B. CAT 5e
C. CAT 6
D. CAT 6a"

Back 132

C. CAT 5e

Front 133

What are the parts of an Ethernet frame?

Back 133

Preamble, Recipient Mac, Sender Mac, Type, Data, Pad, FCS

Front 134

What is the preamble field in an Ethernet Frame

Back 134

A pattern or signal sent at the beginning of the frame indicating where the frame starts. It is 7 bytes long

Front 135

What is the Recipient MAC field in an Ethernet Frame

Back 135

Identifies the receiving node on this leg of the trip

Front 136

What is the Sender MAC field in an Ethernet Frame

Back 136

Identifies the sending node on this leg of the trip

Front 137

What is the Type field in an Ethernet Frame

Back 137

Identifies how to interpret the frame, such as IPv6 or IPv4

Front 138

What is the data field in an Ethernet Frame

Back 138

The actual data payload from the higher layers

Front 139

What is the pad field field in an Ethernet Frame

Back 139

Used to ensure the frame meets the minimum size of 64 bytes

Front 140

What is the FCS field in an Ethernet Frame

Back 140

A verification check to make sure the data hasn't been corrupted along the way.

Front 141

What are the steps of CSMA/CD

Back 141

"2. Multiple systems are sharing the same line
3. When a collision is detected, all systems send a jamming signal
4. At the end of the jamming signal, all systems wait a random amount of time before transmiitting again.

Front 142

"
What is a collision domain?

Back 142

The systems on a physical network that could experience a collision because the are sharing the same connection.

Front 143

How did the 10base2 network operate

Back 143

Thinnet cable with t-connectors. Last true bus Ethernet standard. Requires termination

Front 144

10base2 max length

Back 144

185 meters (just shy of 200)

Front 145

10base5 max length

Back 145

500 meters

Front 146

What pins in 10baseT send and receive data?

Back 146

Pinc 1 and 2 send, while pins 3 and 6 receive

Front 147

What is the best way to remember the pinout for TIA/EIA 56A & B?

Back 147

GO, green orange. Blue in the middle and brown at the end. A is Green orange, and B is Orange Green

Front 148

What is the actual pinout for TIA/EIA 56A?

Back 148

Grn/wht, grn, orn/wht, blue, blue/wht, Orange, brn/wht, brn.

Front 149

What is the actual pinout for TIA/EIA 56B?

Back 149

Orn/wht, orn, grn/wht, blue, blue/white, Green, Brn/white, brn.

Front 150

10baseT max distance

Back 150

100 meters

Front 151

Maximum number of nodes for 10baseT

Back 151

1024

Front 152

Topology for 10baseT

Back 152

star-bus: physical star and logical bus

Front 153

10BaseFL max distance

Back 153

2000 meters

Front 154

10BaseFL cable Type

Back 154

Multimedia fiber with ST or SC

Front 155

10BaseFL Topology

Back 155

star-bus: physical star and logical bus

Front 156

How would you connect two cables together

Back 156

Using a coupler

Front 157

What is the purpose of an uplink port on a router?

Back 157

Connect two hubs via straight thru cable.

Front 158

How are multiple hubs connected together?

Back 158

They must be daisy chained

Front 159

What is an MDI vs an MDIX port?

Back 159

A MDI port is a Media-dependent interface. Things connected through this port will be connected regularly. A MDIX port is a crossover (uplink) port.

Front 160

Crossover cable

Back 160

A cable designed to cross the sending and receiving pairs by having 568A on one side and 568B on the other. This is used to connect like devices.

Front 161

What is an Ethernet bridge?

Back 161

Extends the length of an Ethernet segment, filters and forwards traffic like a hub. Separates devices into collision domains. Works more like a switch, as it is a layer 2 device

Front 162

What is an Ethernet Switch

Back 162

Works like a hub, but is a layer 2 device. Filters and forwards traffic. Separates connections into collision domains. Keeps tables of MAC addresses by connection

Front 163

What are tables of MAC addresses called

Back 163

Source address tables

Front 164

What feature of hubs causes CSMA/CD to be disabled?

Back 164

Full-duplex transmission. With this this upgrade, each port not only becomes its own collision domain, but the devices can all send and receive at the same time.

Front 165

What is used to prevent switching loops?

Back 165

Spanning tree protocol. It disables one end of the loop in order to communicate

Front 166

"Ethernet hubs take an incoming packet and ???? it out to the other connected ports
A. amplify
B. repeat
C. filter
D. distort"

Back 166

B. Repeat

Front 167

"What is appended to the beginning of the Ethernet frame?
A. MAC address
B. Length
C. Preamble
D. FCS"

Back 167

C. Preamble

Front 168

"What type fo bus does 10BaseT use?
A. Bus
B. Ring
C. Star bus
D. Bus ring"

Back 168

C. Star Bus

Front 169

What is the maximum length of a 10BaseT cable run?

Back 169

D. 100 meters

Front 170

"When used for Ethernet, unshielded twisted pair uses what type of connector?
A. RG-58
B. Rj-45
C. Rj-11
D. RS-232"

Back 170

B. Rj-45

Front 171

"What is the maximum number of notes that can be connected to a 10BaseT hub?
A. 1024
B. 500
C. 100
D. 185"

Back 171

A. 1024

Front 172

"Which of the following is not true of crossover cables?
A. They are a type fo twisted-pair cabling
B. They reverse the sending and receiving wire pairs
C. They are used to connect hubs
D. both ends of acrossover cable are wired according to the TIA/EIA 56B standard"

Back 172

D. A crossover cable actually has one end wired as A and another end wired as B

Front 173

"Which of the followiing connectors are used by 10BaseFL cable? Select 2
A. SC
B. RJ-45
C. rj-11
D. ST
"

Back 173

A and D

Front 174

"Which networking devices can use the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
A. Hubs
B. Media converters
C. UTP cables
D. Switches"

Back 174

D. Switches

Front 175

"What device directs packes based on MAC addresses?
A. Router
B. Hub
C. Repeater
D. Switch"

Back 175

D. Switch

Front 176

What does Comptia call CSMA/CD?

Back 176

CDMA, Not the Cellular standard

Front 177

Compare baseband vs broadband

Back 177

Baseband is a single signal over a low frequency. Broadband is multiple signals multiplexed to higher modulated frequencies

Front 178

Is Ethernet Baseband or broadband

Back 178

Ethernet is baseband

Front 179

What cabling is required for 100BaseTx?

Back 179

2pairs of twisted pair copper

Front 180

What is the max speed of 100BaseTx?

Back 180

100Mbps

Front 181

What is the max distance of 100BaseTx?

Back 181

100 meters

Front 182

What was created to allow devices of different speeds to work together?

Back 182

Multispeed autosensing. Many devices are created that have the ability to communicate over multiple rates, and they will negotiate the highest speed possible over the connection

Front 183

What does multispeed auto-sensing look like?

Back 183

Examples would be 10/100, 100/1000, 10Gbe

Front 184

What cabling is required for 100BaseFx?

Back 184

Multimode Fiber with ST or SC connectors - compatible with FDDI

Front 185

What is the max speed of 100BaseFx?

Back 185

100Mbps

Front 186

What is the max distance of 100BaseFx?

Back 186

2 Km

Front 187

How does full duplex increase data transfer rates?

Back 187

Full duplex effectively doubles network bandwidth by allowing data to flow both ways simultaneously. This removes the possibility of collisions as well as the problem of waiting for data to transmit before being able to transmit something back.

Front 188

What are the two different versioins of Gigabit Ethernet published under IEEE, and their associated standards?

Back 188

IEEE 802.3ab, called 1000BaseT, and 802.3z, known as 1000Basex and broken into 1000BaseCX, 1000BaseSX, and 1000BaseLX

Front 189

What kind of cabling is required for 1000baseT?

Back 189

4pair UTP/STP

Front 190

What is the max speed of 1000baseT?

Back 190

1Gbps, which is why it is just referred to as gigabit Ethernet.

Front 191

What is the max distance of 1000baseT?

Back 191

100 meters/segment

Front 192

What kind of cabling is required for 1000BaseCX?

Back 192

Twinaxial (twinax) 150-ohm cable

Front 193

What is the max speed of 1000BaseCX?

Back 193

1gbps

Front 194

What is the max distance of 1000BaseCX?

Back 194

25 meters

Front 195

What kind of cabling is required for 1000BaseSX?

Back 195

Multimode fiber (Think Short Scattered) at 850 nm

Front 196

What is the max speed of 1000BaseSX?

Back 196

1gbps

Front 197

What is the max distance of 1000BaseSX?

Back 197

220-500 meters

Front 198

What kind of cabling is required for 1000BaseLX?

Back 198

Single mode fiber (think long laser) at 1300 nm

Front 199

What is the max speed of 1000BaseLX?

Back 199

1gbps

Front 200

What is the max distance of 1000BaseLX?

Back 200

5km

Front 201

What kind of connectors does 1000BaseSX use?

Back 201

Usually LC

Front 202

What kind of connectors does 1000BaseLX use?

Back 202

Usually LC and SC

Front 203

What kind of connection was originally used with fiber that left a little gap between the connection points.

Back 203

Flat surface connection

Front 204

What kind of connection improved on the flat surface connection with a highly-polished and spherical connection?

Back 204

Physical Contact connection

Front 205

What kind of connection improved on the physical contact connection with a highly-polished and spherical connection?

Back 205

Ultra physical contact connection

Front 206

What kind of connection improved on the Ultra physical contact connection with an 8-degree angle?

Back 206

Angled physical Contact connection

Front 207

What device changes one Ethernet standard on one side to another on the other?

Back 207

Media Converters

Front 208

What is the initial standard for hot-swappable modular ports for Gigabit Ethernet connections?

Back 208

GBIC - Gigabit Interface Connector

Front 209

What is the smaller standard for hot-swappable modular ports for Gigabit Ethernet connections?

Back 209

SFP - Small Form Factor pluggable

Front 210

How are the names of the 10GBE standards arranged?

Back 210

The first letter is the distance, the second letter is the scope. The first letter is S for short range, L for long range, and E for extra long range. The second letter is R for lan and w for wan W devices can connect to SONET.

Front 211

What type of fiber and connectors do 10GBaseSR and SW use?

Back 211

Multimode fiber. The connectors are not defined.

Front 212

What is the signal wavelength of 10GBaseSR and SW?

Back 212

850 nm

Front 213

What is the maximum length of 10GBaseSR and SW?

Back 213

26 to 300 meters

Front 214

What type of fiber and connectors do 10GBaseLR and LW use?

Back 214

Single mode Fiber with different connectors, most usually LC

Front 215

What is the signal wavelength of 10GBaseLRand LW?

Back 215

1310 nm

Front 216

What is the maximum length of 10GBaseLR and LW?

Back 216

10 km

Front 217

What type of fiber and connectors do 10GBaseER and EW use?

Back 217

Single mode Fiber with different connectors, most usually LC or SC

Front 218

What is the signal wavelength of 10GBaseER and EW ?

Back 218

1550 nm

Front 219

What is the maximum length of 10GBaseER and EW?

Back 219

40km

Front 220

Define the 10GbaseL4 standard

Back 220

10GbE over legacy cable. On FDDI-grade multimode cable, this standard can transmit 300 meters. On single-mode cable, it can transmit 10Km

Front 221

Define the 10GBaseLRM standard

Back 221

Uses the same signal of 10GBaseLR, but can only reach 220 meters

Front 222

Define the 20GBaseZR standard

Back 222

Not a IEEE standard. Created by manufacturers. Uses a 1550 nm single-mode cable for a range of 80KM. Can work with both Ethernet and SONET/WAN.

Front 223

Explain the standards of 10GBaseT

Back 223

Twisted Pair using RJ45 to achieve 10Gbit speeds. Full duplex. Using Cat 6, it can range up to 55 meters, and will go 100 meters with Cat 6a.

Front 224

How do all of the different 10Gbit standards coexist?

Back 224

Using multisource agreements, all manufacturers agreed to make internoperable devices. The connections are modular.

Front 225

"With 100BaseT, what is the maximum distance between teh switch and the node?
100 meters
400 meters
1000 meters
150 meters"

Back 225

100 meters

Front 226

"What type fo cable and connector does 100BaseFX use?
Multimode fiber with ST or SC connectors
STP CAT 6 with RJ-45 connectors
Single-mode fiber with MT-RJ connections
UTP CAT5e with RJ-45 connectors"

Back 226

Multimode fiber with ST or SC

Front 227

"How many pairs of wires do 10BaseT and 100BaseT use?
4
1
3
2"

Back 227

2 - that's 10 Base, not 10G Base

Front 228

"What standard does IEEE 802.3ab describe?
1000BaseLX
1000BaseT
1000BaseCX
1000BaseSX"

Back 228

1000BaseT (TAB?)

Front 229

"What is the big physical difference between 1000BaseSX and 100BaseFX?
1000BaseSX uses the SC connector exclusively
1000BaseSX is single-mode, whereas 100BaseFX is multimode
1000BaseSX uses the ST connector exclusively
Tehre is no difference"

Back 229

SX uses the SC connector

Front 230

"What is the maximu distance for 1000BaseLX without repeaters?
1 mile
2500 meters
20,000 feet
5000 meters"

Back 230

5000 m, or 1Km

Front 231

"What is a big advantage to using fiber-optic cable?
Fiber is common glass, therefor it is less expensive
Fiber is not affected by EMI
Making custom cable lengths is easier with fiber
All that orange fiber looks impressive in the network closet
"

Back 231

No EMI

Front 232

How many wire pairs does 1000BaseT use?

Back 232

4

Front 233

"What is the standard connector for the 10GBE fiber standard?
ST
SC
MT-RJ
none"

Back 233

NONE

Front 234

"What is the maximum cable length of 10GBaseT on CAT6
55 meters
100 Meters
20 meters
70 meters"

Back 234

55 meters

Front 235

What is horizontal cabling?

Back 235

The cabling that runs from the work area to the telecom room

Front 236

What is the benefit of using solid core cabling?

Back 236

Sollid core cabling is a better conductor

Front 237

What is the benefit of using stranded core cabling?

Back 237

Stranded core cabling is more flexible and resilient to handling

Front 238

Between solid core cabling and stranded core, which cabling is better for what part of a run?

Back 238

The solid core should be used for the actual run, as it conducts signal better. The stranded should be used for the connection to the outlet, as it holds up better.

Front 239

What is the telecom room for an area called?

Back 239

The IDF, Intermediate Distribution Frame. all of the horizontal cabling goes here.

Front 240

What is the height of a unit in a rack?

Back 240

1.75 inches

Front 241

What is the point of patch panels?

Back 241

Prevents you from having to disturb, and possibly break, the horizontal cabling. Also allows for cable management.

Front 242

How is the horizontal cabling connnected to the patch panel?

Back 242

It is punched down to the back, at an 110 block.

Front 243

Why is the 110 block superior to the 66 block?

Back 243

The 66 block had more crosstalk.

Front 244

What do you need to check when purchasing cables, punchdown blocks, and outlets?

Back 244

CAT ratings, they are all rated items.

Front 245

What do you call the conection betwen the network and the outside world? The dividing line of responsibility.

Back 245

The demarcation point.

Front 246

What is the device that demarks the networks?

Back 246

The NIU, NIB, or NID.

Front 247

What is the connection between the demark and the Customer Premise Equipment?

Back 247

The Demarc Extension

Front 248

What is the main patch panel by the demarcation point called?

Back 248

The vertical cross connect.

Front 249

What is the networking room that holds the Demark, vertical Cross connect, and demarc extensoin called?

Back 249

The MDF, Main Distribution Frame.

Front 250

What is the point where the cable comes out of the wall called

Back 250

The drop

Front 251

What would you use to run the network cable along the outside of a wall instead of the inside?

Back 251

A raceway.

Front 252

What is the maximum length of a UTP run?

Back 252

90 meters

Front 253

What are the factors for picking a location of a telecom room?

Back 253

Distance, Power, humidity, cooling, and access.

Front 254

What is used to organize cables in a ceiling?

Back 254

A cable tray

Front 255

What is first put into the hole where the cable comes out of in order to connect the outlet?

Back 255

A low voltage mounting bracket

Front 256

What kind of test only checks the connection in a cable?

Back 256

Continutity tester

Front 257

What tool can you use to check for continuty?

Back 257

Multimeter

Front 258

What kind of test verifies that all the wires connect to the right spot?

Back 258

wiremap test

Front 259

What kind of tester will determine the spot in a wire where a break occurs, or how long a wire is?

Back 259

Time Domain reflectometer

Front 260

What kind of tester runs through all TIA / EIA standards to verify that the cable is good?

Back 260

Cable Certifier

Front 261

What is bonding, or Link aggregation?

Back 261

The process of using multiple NICS for a single machine

Front 262

What is the benefit of a bonded connection

Back 262

Each link increases the rate of speed between the two devices.

Front 263

What protocol controls how multiple network devices send and receive data as a single connection?

Back 263

Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)

Front 264

What is the best way to test a suspected bad cable run?

Back 264

point to point, including the patch cables with a TDR.

Front 265

What benefits does a UPS provide in a network rack?

Back 265

short battery backup to shut down or allow for a generator, power conditioning, power monitoring

Front 266

How can you keep track of power fluctuations over time?

Back 266

Using a voltage event recorder.

Front 267

What can you use to prevent damage from variables like heat and humidity?

Back 267

temperature monitors, rack monitoring systems, and environmental monitors.

Front 268

What kind of cable should you never use in a structured cabling installation?

Back 268

coax

Front 269

what are the layers of the tcp/ip protocol Suite?

Back 269

Link, Internet, transport, and application

Front 270

what three Protocols are associated with the internet layer of the tcp/ip model

Back 270

ipv4 IPv6 and icmp

Front 271

what is the purpose of the version field of the IP header

Back 271

defines the IP address type- 4 for ipv4, 6 for IPv6.

Front 272

what is the purpose of the header length field in the IP header

Back 272

the header length field describes the total size the IP portion of the packet in 32-bit words

Front 273

what is the purpose of differentiated Services code point Field in the IP header

Back 273

known as the dscp also used to be called type of service it explains what type of data is being sent

Front 274

what is the purpose of the time to live field in the IP header

Back 274

used to describe how many times a packet can be forwarded by a header

Front 275

what is the purpose of the protocol field in the IP header

Back 275

usually just describes if a package is either TCP or UDP

Front 276

What is data divided into for TCP?

Back 276

numbered segments

Back 277

Source port, destination Port, sequence number, ack

Front 278

what is a MAC address broadcast address

Back 278

FF - FF - FF - FF - FF- FF

Front 279

what is the windows utility to show IP address and Mac addresses

Back 279

ipconfig /all

Front 280

What are the fields in an ARP frame?

Back 280

Header has the broadcast MAC then Source MAC, followed by the Source MAC again in the ARP frame, the Source IP, additional information, and finally the Target IP

Front 281

What protocol was used to get the IP address when the MAC address was known?

Back 281

the Reverse ARP, which is now long dead. Look for it as a wrong answer

Front 282

How do you show the ARP table in Windows?

Back 282

arp -a (think arp all)

Front 283

How do you delete an ARP entry in Windows?

Back 283

arp -d (Think arp delete)

Front 284

What is the address range for a Class A address?

Back 284

1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255

Front 285

What is the address range for a Class B address?

Back 285

128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255

Front 286

What is the address range for a Class C address?

Back 286

192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255

Front 287

What is the address range for a Class D address?

Back 287

224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255

Front 288

What is the address range for a Class E address?

Back 288

240.0.0.0 - 254.255.255.255

Front 289

How many hosts does a Class A network allow?

Back 289

16277214

Front 290

How many hosts does a Class B network allow?

Back 290

63534

Front 291

How many hosts does a Class C network allow?

Back 291

254

Front 292

How many hosts does a Class D network allow?

Back 292

multicast

Front 293

How many hosts does a Class E network allow?

Back 293

experimental

Front 294

Practice Subnetting and CIDR notation

Back 294

ok

Front 295

What is the linux command for working with IP addresses?

Back 295

ifconfig

Front 296

What should you always do once setting a static IP address?

Back 296

Send a test ping

Front 297

What kind of devices usually have a static IP address set?

Back 297

Critical devices,

Front 298

What ports does DHCP use?

Back 298

Servers use UDP 67 and clients use TCP 68

Front 299

Describe the DHCP process?

Back 299

DHCP client sends a DHCP discover packet. The DHCP server is listening for these packets, and responds with a DHCP offer. The DHCP client responds accepting the offer with a DHCP request packet. If the address hasn't been taken by this point, the server will send a DHCP lease.

Front 300

What does BOOTPS and BOOTPC refer to?

Back 300

BOOTP Server and BOOTP Client

Front 301

What is the Class A private IP address range?

Back 301

10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 - 1 class a address

Front 302

What is the Class B private IP address range?

Back 302

172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 - 16 class b addresses

Front 303

What is the Class C private IP address range?

Back 303

192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 - 255 class c addresses

Front 304

how many bits in an ip address

Back 304

32

Front 305

identify the network id section of the following IP address and subnet mask 10.14.12.43 255.255.255.0

Back 305

10.14.12

Front 306

what does a proper subnet mask look like?

Back 306

all ones and then all zeroes. where the ones stop defines the network

Front 307

what does ARP stand for?

Back 307

address resolution protocol.

Front 308

what class IP address is 146.203.103.213

Back 308

class b

Front 309

what is the maximum number of hosts in a /19 subnet?

Back 309

8192

Front 310

what is the number 138 in binary?

Back 310

10001010

Front 311

when dhcp discover fails what process with the client used to generate an address for itself

Back 311

apipa

Front 312

why isn't 127.0.0.0 a valid loopback address?

Back 312

it is a network address

Front 313

what are the fields of a routing table

Back 313

destination lan IP, subnet mask, Gateway, interface, and metric

Front 314

what two places will you find routers that do not have default routes

Back 314

private networks and the internet back bone

Front 315

Define SNAT

Back 315

static Nat routes a single public IP address to a private computer

Front 316

Define dynamic NAT

Back 316

dynamic NAT routes a larger pool of computers through a smaller pool of public IP addresses

Back 317

number of hops, bandwidth, latency, cost. also could refer to MTU although it's not exactly correct. also could refer to administrative distance and shortest path bridging

Front 318

Define administrative distance

Back 318

a number assigned to a route and protocol combination

Front 319

Define shortest path bridging spb as a metric

Back 319

provide true shortest path forwarding within an Ethernet mesh topology

Front 320

What is the difference between distance vector and path vector routing?

Back 320

A distance vector keeps a list of the total cost to send a packet to each location, as well as alternate paths to the location. It sends the entire routing table as an update. In contrast, a path vector router updates the paths to locations dynamically, and is able to weed through duplicate information.

Front 321

What are some examples of distance-vector routing protocols?

Back 321

RIP (V1 and V2)

Front 322

What are the limits of the RIP routing table?

Back 322

RIP cannot talk more than 15 hops away without creating routing loops. Rip routers send out updates every 30 seconds.

Front 323

What are some of the problems with RIPv1 that RIPv2 fixed?

Back 323

Added authentication and recognition of variable length subnet masks

Front 324

What is the major advantage of RIP?

Back 324

Fast and easy to set up for small networks.

Front 325

Name a path vector routing protocol

Back 325

BGP - also considered a hybrid routing protocol by comptia

Front 326

How does BGP recognize different networks?

Back 326

By Autonomous system (AS) numbers

Front 327

How do autonomous systems communicate with each other

Back 327

External gataway protocols, like BGP

Front 328

How do autonomous systems communicate internally?

Back 328

Internal gateway protocols, like RIP and EIGRP

Front 329

What is a link-state routing protocol?

Back 329

A link-state routing protocol only announces and forwards route changes as they appear.

Front 330

What are the two link-state routing protocols

Back 330

OSPF and IS-IS -both are Link-state DYNAMIC routing protocols

Front 331

What is the first think an OSPF router does when it is turned on?

Back 331

It floods out hello packets, which is forwarded to every other OSPF router.

Front 332

What is the purpose of OSPF Hello packets?

Back 332

The packets exchange information with other OSPF routers and they update their link information.

Front 333

What can be done to cut-down on OSPF broadcasts

Back 333

Divide the network into areas

Front 334

How often are OSPF updates sent?

Back 334

Every 30 minutes

Front 335

What are the benefits of OSPF?

Back 335

Scalability, support by most routers, loop prevention.

Front 336

How are different OSPF areas connected?

Back 336

Through Area Border Routers, which interconnnect different edges of Areas

Front 337

What was the biggest problem of OSPF, which is now resolved

Back 337

No IPv6 support

Front 338

What is the big difference between OSPF and IS-IS?

Back 338

IS-IS was built with IPv6 support - used mostly by ISPs.

Front 339

What is EIGRP considered a hybrid routing protocol

Back 339

It has aspects of distance vector and link state protocols, and Cisco refers to it as an advanced distance vector protocol.

Front 340

How does one routing protocol talk to another?

Back 340

Via route redistribution, one router can take a route learned from one protocol and announce it via another.

Front 341

How do you connect a PC to a router?

Back 341

Connect a rollover - or Yost - cable to the console port on the router and the serial port on the PC

Front 342

What settings would you set in your terminal emulator to connect to a new router?

Back 342

"9600 baud
8 data bits
1 stop bit
no parity

Front 343

"
What do you never do to a new router?

Back 343

plug it in unconfigured

Front 344

How does one manage a network?

Back 344

The use Network Management Software to monitor the equipment.

Front 345

What are the steps to setting up a router?

Back 345

"1 Set up the WAN connection (DHCP or Static)
2. Set up the Lan connections (DHCP)
3. Set up routes to other networks
4. Set up any dynamic protocols

Front 346

"
What is the first thing you do once you set up a router?

Back 346

Document the settings and back up the router.

Front 347

What is the biggest point of failure for a router?

Back 347

The static route

Front 348

What tools would you use to troubleshoot a route?

Back 348

Tracert

Front 349

What are some good alternate tools to traceroute?

Back 349

My Traceroute (mtr) for linux and Pathping for Windows

Front 350

What is a router

Back 350

A piece of hardware that forwards packets based on IP address

Front 351

T/F: Routers must use the same type of connection for all routes, such as Ethernet to Ethernet or ATM to ATM

Back 351

FALSE! Routers exist to combine these routes

Front 352

What technology allows you to share a singe public IP address with manyc omputers?

Back 352

Port Address Translation

Front 353

Distance vector routing protcols like RIP rely on what metric?

Back 353

Hop count

Front 354

What are two big advantages to using OSPF over RIP or BGP?

Back 354

OSPF chooses routes based on link speed, not hop count, and OSPF sends only routing table changes, reducing network traffic

Front 355

What is Area 0 called in OSPF

Back 355

BAckbone

Front 356

What is the name of the cable that you use to connect ot the console port on a cisco router?

Back 356

Yost (rollover) cable

Front 357

The traceroute utility is useful for what?

Back 357

Discovering information about the routers between you and the destonation address

Front 358

What are the steps to the TCP three-way handshake?

Back 358

Client sends SYN (Synch) packet, Server responds back with a SYN/ACK (Acknowledgement) packet, the client responds with an ACK packet for the server's SYN packet.

Front 359

How does TCP show the end of a transmission?

Back 359

Sender sends a FIN (Finished) packet, the recipient responds with an ACK packet for the FIN, then sends its own FIN packet to acknowledge that everything has been received, then the send sends an ACK packet to acknowledge the recipient's FIN.

Front 360

What port does NTP and SNTP use?

Back 360

UDP 123

Front 361

What port does TFTP use?

Back 361

UDP 69

Front 362

What port does ICMP use?

Back 362

ICMP is connectionless, and does not have a port.

Front 363

What kind of issue would you have if you cannot ping your default gateway?

Back 363

An ICMP-related issue.

Front 364

How does IGMP work?

Back 364

A system informs the router that they wish to join the broadcast group.

Front 365

What is the total range of port numbers?

Back 365

0 - 65,535

Front 366

What is the range of the well-known port numbers?

Back 366

0-1023

Front 367

What are ephemeral ports?

Back 367

Ports 1024 and above can be used for outgoing communication, but newer updates have systems using just the dynamic/private ports.

Front 368

What are the registered ports, and what is their range?

Back 368

That is where less-common applications can register their ports, and they range from 1024 - 49,151

Front 369

What are the dynamic, or private ports?

Back 369

Ports 49,152 - 65,535 are used for ephemeral ports.

Front 370

How do you refer to the session information of a single computer?

Back 370

The socket or Endpoint

Front 371

How do you refer to the whole communication between two systems?

Back 371

Connection, or session

Front 372

Command to see the connections established by the local system

Back 372

Netstat

Front 373

Netstat command Displays all connections and listening ports.

Back 373

netstat -a

Front 374

Netstat command Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form.

Back 374

netstast -n

Front 375

Netstat command Displays all connections and listening ports.

Back 375

netstat -o

Front 376

Netstat command Displays the executable involved in creating each connection or listening port.

Back 376

netstast -b

Front 377

Define XML

Back 377

Extensible Markup Language, basic format or markup language for RSS feeds, Office documents, and more

Front 378

What is TCP port 80?

Back 378

HTTP

Front 379

What is TCP port 119?

Back 379

Usenet

Front 380

What is Microsoft's server front end?

Back 380

IIS / Internet Information services

Front 381

What GUI is used to better administer Apache?

Back 381

WebAdmin

Front 382

What three concepts are required to secure an Internet Application?

Back 382

Authentication, Encryption, and Nonrepudation

Front 383

What is TCP port 443?

Back 383

HTTPS - Hypertext Transfer Protocol over SSL

Front 384

What port is TCP 23?

Back 384

Telnet

Front 385

What protocol do we use instead of Telnet to secure computer?

Back 385

SSH, Secure Shell.

Front 386

What TCP port do we use for SSH?

Back 386

22

Front 387

What is TCP port 25?

Back 387

SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - Used to send email

Front 388

What is TCP port 110?

Back 388

POP3 Used to receive email (Depreciated)

Front 389

What is TCP port 143?

Back 389

IMAP4 - Internet Message Access Protocol - Used to receive email - Allows searching for messages, finding keywards, Select messages to download. Also allows folders.

Front 390

What is the difference between email offered as a web service (webmail) and email on a client?

Back 390

The email in the web service is not stored locally.

Front 391

What is TCP port 20?

Back 391

FTP data for active FTP.

Front 392

What is TCP port 21?

Back 392

FTP command for active FTP, and command + data for passive FTP

Front 393

What is the benefit of Passive FTP?

Back 393

Passive FTP doesn't cause NAT issues when initiating the data transfer, so even though you can send commands to the server, the server's data transfer on port 20 is not accepted by the client.

Front 394

The protocol developed by Netscape for transferring private documents over the Internet is?

Back 394

SSL

Front 395

What are benefits to using web-based mail?

Back 395

Can access email anywhere using a browser, and is good for throw-away accounts.

Front 396

What prefix is used for SSL WWW connections?

Back 396

HTTPS

Front 397

Why would you use the Netstat utility

Back 397

To see the endpoints of sessions

Front 398

Why would you use a telnet client?

Back 398

To issue commands to a remote server

Front 399

What protocols are used to receive email from server?

Back 399

IMAP and POP3

Front 400

What was the first solution for network naming?

Back 400

NetBIOS/NetBEUI

Front 401

How did NetBIOS/NetBEUI work?

Back 401

When a computer booted up, it broadcast it's name and IP address. A computer would broadcast if it was missing info. All systems worked off cached info.

Front 402

What were the disadvantages of NetBIOS/NetBEUI

Back 402

constant broadcasts and no routing

Front 403

What was microsoft's solution not not being able to route NetBIOS names?

Back 403

Stop using NetBEUI and adapt NetBT

Front 404

What ports did NetBT use?

Back 404

TCP 137 and 139, and UDP 137 and 138.

Front 405

What protocol does Microsoft use for network file sharing?

Back 405

SMB

Front 406

What port does SMB use?

Back 406

445

Front 407

What did computers originally use for name resolution?

Back 407

the hosts file

Front 408

What replaced the hosts file?

Back 408

DNS

Front 409

What is at the top of the DNS hierarchy?

Back 409

. (dot) - 13 clusters of servers across the world. This dot is actually implied at the end of every web address (www.google.com.)

Front 410

What is the next level below the top of hte DNS hierarchy?

Back 410

Top Level domains

Front 411

Are top-level domain names necessary on an intranet?

Back 411

no

Front 412

For a DNS server, what is a zone and a record?

Back 412

A DNS zone is a space where specific records (individual lines) are stored for a specific domain.

Front 413

How do DNS requests work?

Back 413

Your request is sent to your DNS server, which searches for the record. If the DNS server does not have the record cached and the system is not local,it will refer the request up. This process iterates until the request is either local, the information is cached, or you have hit a part of the domain that can refer you (Like the TLD). From that referral, this process will iterate down the server until you are referred to a DNS server that has the information.

Front 414

What is the DNS application native to Windows Server?

Back 414

DNS

Front 415

What is the DNS application native to Linux/Unix?

Back 415

BIND

Front 416

What is the difference between an authoritative DNS server and a cache server?

Back 416

A cache server only requests information form other servers, then remembers that information. A cache server is never authoritative.

Front 417

What is a forward lookup zone?

Back 417

This is the records for the computers in the server's domain. This is the server's authoritative zone.

Front 418

What does every forward lookup require?

Back 418

The Start of Authority (SOA) record, which defines the single DNS server in charge of a forward lookup zone.

Front 419

What are DNS NS records?

Back 419

These are the records for all of the DNS servers in a domain

Front 420

What is a DNS A record?

Back 420

The IPv4 and addresses and all the names of the systems in a domain.

Front 421

What is a DNS CNAME Record?

Back 421

It is a canonical name, an alias that points to the actual name.

Front 422

What are DNS MX Records?

Back 422

It is a mail exchanger record for SMTP

Front 423

What are AAAA records?

Back 423

128-bit IPv6 records

Front 424

What is the secondary zone of a DNS server?

Back 424

That is the backup zone for a server

Front 425

What is the reverse lookup zone of a DNS server?

Back 425

That is what a DNS server uses for to lookup FQDN from IP address

Front 426

What is a pointer record?

Back 426

That is the record created by the reverse-lookup zone in-addr-arpa

Front 427

What is an Active Directory integrated zone?

Back 427

This is a DNS zone created to work with an active directory database

Front 428

What types of groups does Windows create for networking?

Back 428

Wokgroup, Domain, and Active Directory.

Front 429

What is a Windows domain?

Back 429

All computers must authenticate to the domain server (domain controller) for authentication

Front 430

What is a Windows workgroup?

Back 430

A group of computers organized in the same network name

Front 431

What is a Windows Active directory?

Back 431

A group of computers organized in the same Domain, or a group of domains organized together.

Front 432

Windows domain controllers also have a second function.What is it?

Back 432

DNS server

Front 433

How is an active-directory integrated zone different from a regular DNS Forward lookup zone?

Back 433

Domain controllers all share the same DNS duties, and all synch their records. They are all equal, so there are no primary or secondary zones.

Front 434

What is Dynamic DNS?

Back 434

This is where the DNSserver queries the DHCP server for updates to the forward lookup zone.

Front 435

How do you force a DNS server to update its records?

Back 435

ipconfig /registerDNS

Front 436

What process is used to protect DNS servers from impersonation and spoofing?

Back 436

Dns Security Extensions (DNSSEC)

Front 437

How is DNSSEC impelmented?

Back 437

Extension Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS)

Front 438

What is the other kinds of Dynamic DNS (DDNS) for the Internet?

Back 438

This allows a system to report a private IP address to a dynamic name servers for remote access instead of having a static IP address.

Front 439

What is the first step for troubleshooting DNS issues?

Back 439

Flushing the DNS cache - ipconfig /flushDNS

Front 440

What is a good tool for testing DNS issues?

Back 440

ping, ping a known FQDN then ping the address.

Front 441

What's the first thing to check if DNS is failing on a machine

Back 441

Check if the DNS settings are correct

Front 442

How can you check if name lookups are working

Back 442

nslookup

Front 443

What is the unix/linux version of nslookup?

Back 443

dig

Front 444

What are the steps to checking a single system for network issues?

Back 444

"1. troubleshoot the physical connection
2. update the NIC drivers
3. Check if local connections are available
4. Check IP address and subnet mask
5. Run netstat and look for connectivity and issues with just one application
6. Use netstat -s to check statistics
7. Check to see if you can connect to the router
8. Test the Internet to see if it is working. check multiple pages, and use tracert to verify if connections are making it out to the Internet

Front 445

"
NetBIOS uses what kind of name space?

Back 445

flat name space

Front 446

The DNS root directory is represented by what symbol?

Back 446

. (dot)

Front 447

What command to you use to see the DNS cache on a Windows system?

Back 447

ipconfig /displaydns

Front 448

What to do if nobody can connect to a server, and it can't ping itself or other systems?

Back 448

Replace the NIC (key is loopback)

Front 449

What do you do if a user can't access other systems from My Network Places and NetBIOS is not in use?

Back 449

Ping loopback first. Next, ping several neighboring systems using both IP address and network name.

Front 450

What is checked first when trying to resolve a FQDN to an IP address?

Back 450

Hosts file

Front 451

What type of DNS record is used by mail servers to determine where to send email?

Back 451

MX records

Front 452

What comman eliminates the DNS cache

Back 452

ipconfig /flushDNS

Front 453

What tool queries functions of a DNS server?

Back 453

nslookup

Front 454

Where does a DNS server store the IP address and FQDN for the computers within a domain?

Back 454

Forward lookup zone

Front 455

What port is FTP Data Transfer

Back 455

TCP 20

Front 456

What port is FTP Control (or both for passive)

Back 456

TCP 21

Front 457

"What port is Secure Shell (SSH)
(RFC 4250-4256)"

Back 457

TCP 22

Front 458

What port is Telnet

Back 458

TCP 23

Front 459

What port is Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

Back 459

TCP 25

Front 460

What port is Domain Name System (DNS)

Back 460

TCP/UDP 53

Front 461

What port is Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) – Server listen

Back 461

UDP 67

Front 462

What port is Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) – Client listen

Back 462

UDP 68

Front 463

What port is Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)

Back 463

UDP 69

Front 464

What port is Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Back 464

TCP 80

Front 465

What port is Post Office Protocol (POP) version 3

Back 465

TCP 110

Front 466

What port is Network Time Protocol (NTP)

Back 466

UDP 123

Front 467

What port is NetBIOS

Back 467

TCP/UDP 137/138/139

Front 468

What port is Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)

Back 468

TCP 143

Front 469

What port is Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) – Agent Listen

Back 469

TCP/UDP 161

Front 470

What port is Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) – NMS Listen

Back 470

TCP/UDP 162

Front 471

What port is Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

Back 471

TCP 179

Front 472

What port is Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)

Back 472

TCP/UDP 389

Front 473

What port is Hypertext Transfer Protocol over SSL/TLS (HTTPS)

Back 473

TCP 443

Front 474

What port is Lightweight Directory Access Protocol over TLS/SSL (LDAPS)

Back 474

TCP/UDP 636

Front 475

What port is FTPS Data Transfer

Back 475

TCP 989

Front 476

What port is FTPS Control

Back 476

TCP 990

Front 477

What is FTP?

Back 477

FTP is one of the most commonly used file transfer protocols on the Internet and within private networks. An FTP server can easily be set up with little networking knowledge and provides the ability to easily relocate files from one system to another. FTP control is handled on TCP port 21 and its data transfer can use TCP port 20 as well as dynamic ports depending on the specific configuration.

Front 478

What is SSH

Back 478

SSH is the primary method used to manage network devices securely at the command level. It is typically used as a secure alternative to Telnet which does not support secure connections.

Front 479

What is Telnet

Back 479

Telnet is the primary method used to manage network devices at the command level. Unlike SSH which provides a secure connection, Telnet does not, it simply provides a basic unsecured connection. Many lower level network devices support Telnet and not SSH as it required some additional processing. Caution should be used when connecting to a device using Telnet over a public network as the login credentials will be transmitted in the clear.

Front 480

What is SMTP

Back 480

SMTP is used for two primary functions, it is used to transfer mail (email) from source to destination between mail servers and it is used by end users to send email to a mail system.

Front 481

What is DNS

Back 481

The DNS is used widely on the public internet and on private networks to translate domain names into IP addresses, typically for network routing. DNS is hieratical with main root servers that contain databases that list the managers of high level Top Level Domains (TLD) (such as .com). These different TLD managers then contain information for the second level domains that are typically used by individual users (for example, cisco.com). A DNS server can also be set up within a private network to private naming services between the hosts of the internal network without being part of the global system.

Front 482

What is DHCP

Back 482

DHCP is used on networks that do not use static IP address assignment (almost all of them). A DHCP server can be set up by an administrator or engineer with a poll of addresses that are available for assignment. When a client device is turned on it can request an IP address from the local DHCP server, if there is an available address in the pool it can be assigned to the device. This assignment is not permanent and expires at a configurable interval; if an address renewal is not requested and the lease expires the address will be put back into the poll for assignment.

Front 483

What is TFTP

Back 483

TFTP offers a method of file transfer without the session establishment requirements that FTP uses. Because TFTP uses UDP instead of TCP it has no way of ensuring the file has been properly transferred, the end device must be able to check the file to ensure proper transfer. TFTP is typically used by devices to upgrade software and firmware; this includes Cisco and other network vendors’ equipment.

Front 484

What is HTTP

Back 484

HTTP is one of the most commonly used protocols on most networks. HTTP is the main protocol that is used by web browsers and is thus used by any client that uses files located on these servers.

Front 485

What is POP3

Back 485

POP version 3 is one of the two main protocols used to retrieve mail from a server. POP was designed to be very simple by allowing a client to retrieve the complete contents of a server mailbox and then deleting the contents from the server.

Front 486

What is NTP

Back 486

One of the most overlooked protocols is NTP. NTP is used to synchronize the devices on the Internet. Even most modern operating systems support NTP as a basis for keeping an accurate clock. The use of NTP is vital on networking systems as it provides an ability to easily interrelate troubles from one device to another as the clocks are precisely accurate.

Front 487

What is NetBIOS

Back 487

NetBIOS itself is not a protocol but is typically used in combination with IP with the NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NBT) protocol. NBT has long been the central protocol used to interconnect Microsoft Windows machines.

Front 488

What is IMAP

Back 488

IMAP version3 is the second of the main protocols used to retrieve mail from a server. While POP has wider support, IMAP supports a wider array of remote mailbox operations which can be helpful to users.

Front 489

What is SNMP

Back 489

SNMP is used by network administrators as a method of network management. SNMP has a number of different abilities including the ability to monitor, configure and control network devices. SNMP traps can also be configured on network devices to notify a central server when specific actions are occurring. Typically, these are configured to be used when an alerting condition is happening. In this situation, the device will send a trap to network management stating that an event has occurred and that the device should be looked at further for a source to the event.

Front 490

What is BGP

Back 490

BGP version 4 is widely used on the public internet and by Internet Service Providers (ISP) to maintain very large routing tables and traffic processing. BGP is one of the few protocols that have been designed to deal with the astronomically large routing tables that must exist on the public Internet.

Front 491

What is LDAP

Back 491

LDAP provides a mechanism of accessing and maintaining distributed directory information. LDAP is based on the ITU-T X.500 standard but has been simplified and altered to work over TCP/IP networks.

Front 492

What is HTTPS

Back 492

HTTPS is used in conjunction with HTTP to provide the same services but doing it using a secure connection which is provided by either SSL or TLS.

Front 493

What is LDAPS

Back 493

Just like HTTPS, LDAPS provides the same function as LDAP but over a secure connection which is provided by either SSL or TLS.

Front 494

What is FTPS

Back 494

Again, just like the previous two entries, FTP over TLS/SSL uses the FTP protocol which is then secured using either SSL or TLS.

Front 495

What OSI layers have encryption?

Back 495

Layers 2, 3, and then 5, 6, and 7

Front 496

What encryption happens at layer 2?

Back 496

A common place for encryption using proprietary encryption devices. These boxes scramble all of the data in an Ethernet frame except the MAC address information. Devices or software encodes and decodes the information on-the-fly at each end.

Front 497

What encryption happens at layer 3?

Back 497

Only one common protocol encrypts at Layer 3: IPsec. IPsec is typically implemented via software that takes the IP packet and encrypts everything inside the packet, leaving only the IP addresses and a few other fields unencrypted.

Front 498

What encryption happens at layers 5, 6, and 7?

Back 498

Important encryption standards (such as SSL and TLS used in e-commerce) happen within these layers, but don’t fit cleanly into the OSI model.

Front 499

What ports does RTP use?

Back 499

TCP 5004 and 5005

Front 500

What ports does SIP use?

Back 500

TCP 5060 and 5061

Front 501

What port does H.323 use?

Back 501

H.323 uses TCP port 1720.

Front 502

What port dooes MGCP use?

Back 502

MGCP uses ports 2427 and 2727.

Front 503

What is an ICS?

Back 503

Industrial control system

Front 504

What is a DCS?

Back 504

A DCS is a distributed control system for an ICS

Front 505

What is a PLC?

Back 505

A programmable Logic controller.

Front 506

What is an IPv6 link local address?

Back 506

The first 64 bits of a link-local address are always FE80::/10, followed by 54 zero bits. That means every address always begins with FE80:0000:0000:0000

Front 507

What are the IPv6 multicast addresses?

Back 507

"FF02::1AllNodesAddress
FF02::2AllRoutersAddress
FF02::1:FFXX:XXXXSolicited-NodeAddress

Front 508

"
What does the arp command do?

Back 508

View and change the ARP table on a computer

Front 509

What does arping do?

Back 509

Sends ARP frames to another host on the same broadcast domain - *nix only

Front 510

What does pathping do?

Back 510

It's a MS only cross between ping and traceroute

Front 511

What does nslookup do?

Back 511

It queries the name server (name server lookup)

Front 512

What does dig do?

Back 512

Dig queries name servers the same as nslookup, but it provides more verbose output

Front 513

What does hostename do?

Back 513

Provides hte current hostname

Front 514

What is mtr?

Back 514

A dynamic traceroute -non Windows

Front 515

What is nbtstat?

Back 515

Windows-only, shows command-line version of my network places

Front 516

what does the route command do?

Back 516

Shows the current routes from the machine - you can edit it from here as wel

Front 517

what is netstat?

Back 517

shows network connections in Windows

Front 518

What is ss?

Back 518

Shows network connections in Linux.

Front 519

What protocols can be used to increase availability?

Back 519

HSRP (Hot Standby router Protocol) is the Cisco protocol, and VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) is the open standard.

Front 520

What is a critical asset, vs a single point of failure?

Back 520

A critical asset is an asset that is critical to the company. A single point of failure is a node that can fail and cause extensive damage to a company and bring aprocess to its knees