Network Operations Ch1 Key Terms

Front 1

A central database of computers, users, shared printers, shared folders, other network resources, and resource groupings that is used to manage a network and enable users to quickly fi nd a particular resource.

Back 1

Active Directory

Front 2

A protocol in the TCP/IP suite that enables a sending station to determine the MAC or physical address of another station on a network.

Back 2

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Front 3

Windows Server 2008 supports Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) to automatically confi gure the TCP/IP settings for a computer. The computer assigns itself an IP address in the range of 169.254.0.1–169.254.255.254, if a DHCP server is not available.

Back 3

Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA

Front 4

A message sent to all computers on a network (but usually blocked to other networks by a router)

Back 4

broadcast

Front 5

A computer that accesses resources on another computer via a network or direct cable connection.

Back 5

client

Front 6

The ability to increase the access to server resources and provide fail-safe services by linking two or more discrete computer systems so they appear to function as though they are one

Back 6

clustering

Front 7

A command-line tool available in Windows PowerShell. See Windows PowerShell

Back 7

cmdlet

Front 8

Also called a connectionless service, a communication service that provides no checks (or minimal checks) to make sure that data accurately reaches the destination node.

Back 8

connectionless communication

Front 9

Also called a connection-oriented service, this service provides several ways to ensure that data is successfully received at the destination, such as requiring an acknowledgement of receipt and using a checksum to make sure the packet or frame contents are accurate

Back 9

connection-oriented communication

Front 10

The IP address of the router that has a connection to other networks. The default gateway address is used when the host computer you are trying to contact exists on another network

Back 10

default gateway

Front 11

A grouping of resource objects—for example, servers, computers, and user accounts—to enable easier centralized management of these objects. On Windows Server 2008 networks, a domain is contained within Active Directory as a higher-level representation of how a business, school, or government agency is organized.

Back 11

domain

Front 12

Also called Domain Name Service, a TCP/IP application protocol that enables a DNS server to resolve (translate) domain and computer names to IP addresses, or IP addresses to domain and computer names.

Back 12

Domain Name System (DNS)

Front 13

An addressing technique that uses four octets, such as 10000110.11011110.01100101.00000101, converted to decimal (e.g., 134.222.101.5) to differentiate individual servers, workstations, and other network devices.

Back 13

dotted decimal notation

Front 14

An IP address that is automatically assigned to a client from a general pool of available addresses and that might be assigned each time the client is started, or it might be assigned for a period of days, weeks, months, or longer.

Back 14

dynamic addressing

Front 15

A form of DNS that enables client computers to update DNS registration information so that this does not have to be done manually. DDNS is often used with DHCP servers to automatically register IP addresses on a DNS server.

Back 15

Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS)

Front 16

A network protocol that provides a way for a server to automatically assign an IP address to a workstation on its network.

Back 16

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Front 17

Enables memory to resynchronize after transient memory problems so there is no interruption to current computing activities.

Back 17

fault tolerant memory sync

Front 18

A unit of data that is transmitted on a network that contains control and address information, but not routing information.

Back 18

frame

Front 19

Memory that can be added without shutting down the computer or operating system

Back 19

hot-add memory

Front 20

The ability to add a processor to an empty processor slot on a multiprocessor system while the system is running

Back 20

hot-add processor

Front 21

The ability to replace a processor in an SMP system without taking the system down.

Back 21

hot-replace processor

Front 22

Virtualization software developed by Microsoft that can be included with most versions of Windows Server 2008. See virtualization

Back 22

Hyper-V

Front 23

A Microsoft Windows Server component that provides Internet, Web, FTP, mail, and other services to make the server into a full-featured Web server

Back 23

Internet Information Services (IIS)

Front 24

The Internet layer protocol responsible for addressing packets so that they are delivered on the local network or across routers to other networks or subnets

Back 24

Internet Protocol (IP)

Front 25

The most commonly used version of IP, which has been in use for many years. IPv4 has a limitation in that it was not designed to anticipate the vast numbers of networks and network users currently in existence.

Back 25

Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4)

Front 26

The newest version of IP that is designed for enhanced security and that can handle the addressing needs of growing networks.

Back 26

Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)

Front 27

A logical address assigned to each host on an IP network. It is used to identify a specific host on a specific network.

Back 27

IP address

Front 28

An essential set of programs and computer code that allows a computer operating system to control processor, disk, memory, and other functions central to its basic operation

Back 28

kernel

Front 29

A network of computers in relatively close proximity, such as on the same fl oor or in the same building

Back 29

local area network (LAN)

Front 30

Also called a physical or device address, the hexadecimal number permanently assigned to a network interface, and used by the MAC sublayer (a communications sublayer for controlling how computers share communications on the same network)

Back 30

media access control (MAC) address

Front 31

A single message is sent from one location and received at several different locations that are subscribed to receive that message.

Back 31

multicast

Front 32

The capability of a computer to run two or more programs at the same time.

Back 32

multitasking

Front 33

Running several program processes or parts (threads) at the same time.

Back 33

multithreading

Front 34

A name or identifier used in older Windows systems to uniquely identify a computer

Back 34

NetBIOS name

Front 35

A communications system that enables computer users to share computer equipment, software, and data, voice, and video transmissions.

Back 35

network

Front 36

A collection of security protection features that monitor and manage a server and its clients so that access to network and server resources is carefully controlled to match security policies.

Back 36

Network Access Protection (NAP)

Front 37

Sometimes used by firewalls, proxy servers, and routers, NAT translates IP addresses on an internal or local network so that the actual IP addresses cannot be determined on the Internet, because the address seen on the Internet is a decoy address used from a pool of decoy addresses.

Back 37

Network Address Translation (NAT)

Front 38

An adaptor board or device to connect a workstation, server, or other network device to a network medium. The connection can be wired or wireless

Back 38

network interface card (NIC)

Front 39

A unit of data transmitted on a network that contains control and address information as well as routing information.

Back 39

packet

Front 40

A network on which any computer can communicate with other networked computers on an equal or peer basis without going through an intermediary, such as a server or host.

Back 40

peer-to-peer networking

Front 41

Running two or more programs simultaneously so that each program runs in an area of memory separate from areas used by other programs.

Back 41

preemptive multitasking

Front 42

A protected memory space allocated for the Windows Server 2008 kernel that cannot be directly accessed by software applications.

Back 42

privileged mode

Front 43

A computer program or portion of a program that is currently running. One large program might start several smaller programs or processes.

Back 43

process

Front 44

A strictly defi ned set of rules for communication across a network that specifi es how networked data is formatted for transmission, how it is transmitted, and how it is interpreted at the receiving end.

Back 44

protocol

Front 45

A database used to store information about the configuration, program setup, devices, drivers, and other data important to the setup of Windows operating systems, such as Windows Server 2008.

Back 45

Registry

Front 46

A device that connects networks, is able to read IP addresses, and can route or forward packets of data to designated networks.

Back 46

router

Front 47

A file of shell commands that are run as a unit within the shell. The shell interprets the commands to the operating system one line at a time. Usually to run the contents of a script, the name of that script must be entered at the command line. Scripts save time because commands don’t have to be typed individually by the user. Another advantage is that the users do not have to memorize the exact sequence of a set of commands each time they want to accomplish a certain task.

Back 47

script

Front 48

A single computer that provides extensive multi-user access to network resources.

Back 48

server

Front 49

A model in which access to the network and resources, and the management of resources, is accomplished through one or more servers.

Back 49

server-based networking

Front 50

A comprehensive server management tool offered through Windows Server 2008.

Back 50

Server Manager

Front 51

A command-line environment, also called a command interpreter, that enables communication with an operating system. Commands that are run within a shell are typically specific to that shell (although different shells sometimes use the same or similar commands, particularly in UNIX and Linux).

Back 51

shell

Front 52

An IP address that is assigned to a client and remains in use until it is manually changed.

Back 52

static addressing

Front 53

Used to distinguish between the network part and the host part of the IP address and to enable networks to be divided into subnets.

Back 53

subnet mask

Front 54

A set of services that can be installed in Windows Sever 2008 to create a UNIX-like environment for UNIX and Linux clients.

Back 54

Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications (SUA)

Front 55

A computer that uses more than one processor.

Back 55

symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) computer

Front 56

The cost of installing and maintaining computers and equipment on a network, which includes hardware, software, maintenance, and support costs.

Back 56

total cost of ownership (TCO)

Front 57

This transport protocol, which is part of the TCP/IP suite, establishes communication sessions between networked software application processes and provides for reliable end-to-end delivery of data by controlling data fl ow.

Back 57

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Front 58

The default protocol suite installed with Windows Server 2008 that enables network communication.

Back 58

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

Front 59

A message that goes from one single computer to another single computer.

Back 59

unicast

Front 60

A connectionless protocol that can be used with IP, instead of TCP.

Back 60

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Front 61

Software that enables one computer to run two or more operating systems that are live at the same time and in which one application running in one operating system does not interfere with an application running in a different operating system.

Back 61

virtualization

Front 62

A Windows Server service that enables the server to convert NetBIOS computer names to IP addresses for network and Internet communications. (NetBIOS is an applications programming interface to provide programs with a consistent command set for using network services.)

Back 62

Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)

Front 63

A Windows command-line interface that offers scripting capabilities as well.

Back 63

Windows PowerShell

Front 64

As used in Microsoft networks, a number of users who share drive and printer resources in an independent peer-to-peer relationship.

Back 64

workgroup

Front 65

A computer that has its own central processing unit (CPU) and can be used as a stand-alone or network computer for word processing, spreadsheet creation, or other software applications.

Back 65

workstation