Network + Cram Card

Front 1

LAN

Back 1

A specifically designed configuration of computers and other devices that are
located within a confined area and connected by wires or radio waves that permit the
devices to communicate with one another to share data and services.

Front 2

Node

Back 2

A device with an address that can be accessed to send or receive
information

Front 3

Host

Back 3

A computer with an operating system that manages its applications, its
hardware, its network connection, and the resources that are shared on the network

Front 4

Segment

Back 4

The portion of the network on either side of two network transmission
devices. These devices include routers, bridges, repeaters, switches, and hubs.

Front 5

Backbone

Back 5

A high-speed network link connecting segments. Backbones are used in
large buildings or in networks that span more than one building.

Front 6

Bus

Back 6

All nodes are connected to a main communication line (bus)—typically
a coaxial cable that is terminated at both ends. Transmissions from the nodes propagate the length of the medium and are received by all other nodes. In a bus topology, a malfunctioning node doesn’t disrupt the entire network. However, a break in the bus will disconnect hosts from each other.

Front 7

Ring

Back 7

Nodes are arranged in a closed loop, with each node connected to a central
device by two wires. The central device is called a multistation access unit (MSAU).
Communication is enabled by passing a token around the ring; if a node has the
token, it can transmit data. Repeaters at each node connection minimize signal
degradation. Adding new nodes can be difficult, however, due to the closed ring.

Front 8

Star

Back 8

Nodes are connected via point-to-point links to a central location (a hub or switch). This topology minimizes failure from an individual segment break and
simplifies the adding or moving of nodes. One disadvantage: If the central node fails,
the whole network becomes disconnected.

Front 9

Mesh

Back 9

All nodes in the mesh have independent connections to all other nodes in
the mesh. The mesh topology requires computers to have multiple network cards,
and due to its complexity, it’s rarely used.

Front 10

Hybrid

Back 10

Two or more different types of network topologies are combined into one
network.

Front 11

Coaxial

Back 11

Either a 0.25"-thick cable (Thinnet, RG-58) that carries a signal up to 185 meters and has a 50-ohm
impedance, or a 0.5"-thick cable (Thicknet, RG8 and RG-11)
that carries a signal up to 500 meters.

Front 12

UTP (unshielded twisted-pair)

Back 12

A type of twisted-pair wiring
that carries a signal up to 100 meters. UTP cable does not
have an insulating jacket, so it is susceptible to crosstalk.

Front 13

STP (shielded twisted-pair)

Back 13

Twisted-pair wiring that carries
a signal up to 100 meters. STP cable has a foil or braided
jacket around the wiring to help reduce crosstalk and prevent
electromagnetic interference.

Front 14

Fiber optic

Back 14

A cable that carries light-pulse signals through a glass core at speeds ranging from 100 to 200,000 Mbps.

Front 15

SMF (single-mode fiber)

Back 15

Has a core large enough to propagate only one light-pulse signal.

Front 16

MMF (multi-mode fiber)

Back 16

Has a core large enough to propagate multiple light-pulse signals.

Front 17

10-Mbps Ethernet (also called Twisted-Pair Ethernet or Ethernet IEEE 802.3)

Back 17

Operates at a speed of 10 megabits per second (Mbps).

Front 18

100-Mbps Ethernet (or Fast Ethernet)

Back 18

Operates at a speed of 100 Mbps. It can also handle data at 10 Mbps, so devices running at the slower speed can operate on the same network.

Front 19

1000-Mbps Ethernet (or Gigabit Ethernet)

Back 19

Operates at a speed of 1000
Mbps (1 gigabit per second). It’s used for large, high-speed LANs and heavy-traffic server connections

Front 20

10 Gigabit Ethernet (or 10GbE)

Back 20

The fastest of the current Ethernet
standards, operating at a speed of 10 gigabits per second (Gbps)

Front 21

BASE-X and BASE-R standards

Back 21

Run over fiber optic cable

Front 22

BASE-W standards

Back 22

Run over fiber optic cables; Ethernet frames are
encapsulated in SONET frames

Front 23

BASE-T standards

Back 23

Run over twisted-pair cable, shielded or unshielded

Front 24

BASE-CX standards

Back 24

Run over shielded copper twisted-pair cable.

Front 25

CAT 5

Back 25

100 Mbps; 100 MHz 155 Mbps ATM
Used for data and voice in Ethernet
networks running at 10 or 100 Mbps.

Front 26

CAT 5e

Back 26

1000 Mbps; 200 MHz 155 Mbps ATM Used for data and voice in Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
networks.

Front 27

CAT 6

Back 27

1000 Mbps; 250 MHz 155 Mbps ATM Used for data in Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet networks.
Currently the fastest UTP standard.

Front 28

CAT 6e

Back 28

10 Gbps; 550 MHz Used in Gigabit Ethernet networks.

Front 29

CAT 7

Back 29

10 Gbps; 600 MHz Used for full-motion video and in
government and manufacturing
environments.

Front 30

RJ-11

Back 30

A 4-wire connector used in North America to connect telephone equipment.

Front 31

RJ-45

Back 31

An 8-pin modular plug that is used to terminate UTP and STP cables. This connector can be used for both Ethernet and Token Ring applications.

Front 32

USB (Universal Serial Bus)

Back 32

A universal connector that
provides data transfer rates of up to 480 Mbps (USB 2.0)

Front 33

Direct cable connection with a null modem cable

Back 33

A serial cable with RS-232 connectors on either end to
enable direct two-way communication.

Front 34

IEEE 1394 (FireWire®)

Back 34

A universal connector that
supports Plug-and-Play installation and hot plugging.
Provides data transfer rates of up to 400 Mbps and is often used for digital audio and video equipment

Front 35

BNC

Back 35

A 2-pin connector used to connect coaxial cables.
Its twist-lock mechanism prevents cable disconnections

Front 36

FC (fiber connector)

Back 36

A threaded optical connector that
uses a special curved polish on the connector. Good for SMF or MMF.

Front 37

ST (straight tip)

Back 37

A frequently used fiber optic connector. It is a keyed, BNC-style connector.

Front 38

SC (subscriber connector)

Back 38

An international standard
push-pull fiber optic connector. The SC connector has both
transmit and receive fibers in a single clip.

Front 39

LC (local connector)

Back 39

A small-form-factor connector
based on the RJ-45 interface; suited for high-density
applications.

Front 40

100BASE-TX

Back 40

Twisted-pair copper: CAT5 or above 100 meters per segment

Front 41

100BASE-T4

Back 41

Twisted-pair copper: CAT3 100 meters per segment

Front 42

100BASE-T2

Back 42

Twisted-pair copper 100 meters per segment

Front 43

100BASE-FX

Back 43

Single- or multi-mode optic fiber 400 meters for half-duplex 2 km for full-duplex over MMF

Front 44

100BASE-SX

Back 44

Multi-mode optic fiber 300 meters

Front 45

100BASE-BX

Back 45

Single-mode optic fiber 20 km

Front 46

1000BASE-T

Back 46

Unshielded twisted-pair: CAT5, CAT5e, or CAT6 100 meters per segment

Front 47

1000BASE-CX

Back 47

Balanced copper shielded twisted-pair 25 meters

Front 48

1000BASE-LX

Back 48

Single-mode optic fiber 5 km (minimum)

Front 49

1000BASE-LX10

Back 49

Single-mode optic fiber 10km

Front 50

1000BASE-BX10

Back 50

Single-mode fiber, over single-strand fiber 10km

Front 51

1000BASE-LH

Back 51

Single-mode optic fiber 10km

Front 52

1000BASE-ZX

Back 52

Single-mode optic fiber 70 km

Front 53

1000BASE-SX

Back 53

Multi-mode optic fiber 500 meters

Front 54

10GBASE-T

Back 54

Copper twisted-pair: shielded or unshielded 100 meters with CAT6a; up to 55 meters with CAT6

Front 55

10GBASE-SR

Back 55

Multi-mode optic fiber 26 or 82 meters, depending
on cable type

Front 56

10GBASE-SW

Back 56

Multi-mode optic fiber 300 meters over 50 microns at 2000 MHz/km
with OM3 multi-mode fiber

Front 57

10GBASE-LR & 10GBASE-LW

Back 57

Single-mode optic fiber 10 km

Front 58

10GBASE-ER & 10GBASE-EW

Back 58

Single-mode optic fiber 40 km

Front 59

10GBASE-ZR & 10GBASE-ZW

Back 59

Single-mode optic fiber 80 km

Front 60

FTP

Back 60

Ports (20, 21) Supports uploading and downloading files, and
requesting directory listings from remote servers.

Front 61

SSH

Back 61

Port (22) Exchanges data between two network nodes over a
secure channel. A secure replacement for Telnet.

Front 62

Telnet

Back 62

Port (23) Provides a simple application for remote terminal
emulation.

Front 63

SMTP

Back 63

Port (25) Provides a mechanism for the transfer of e-mail information between systems.

Front 64

DNS

Back 64

Port (53) Provides a common naming convention throughout
the Internet.

Front 65

HTTP

Back 65

Port (80) Provides the framework for exchanging text, images,
sound, and video on the Web.

Front 66

HTTPS

Back 66

Port (443) Provides the framework for exchanging text, images,
sound, and video on the Web. HTTPS runs over Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).

Front 67

POP3

Back 67

Port (110) Provides a component that receives and holds e-mail for you at your Internet mail server.

Front 68

SNMP

Back 68

Port (161) Provides a way to send management information between TCP/IP hosts.

Front 69

OSI Model

Back 69

7. Application
6. Presentation
5. Session
4. Transport
3. Network
2. Data Link (MAC / LLC)
1. Physical

Front 70

TCP/IP Model

Back 70

4. Application
3. Transport
2. Internet
1. Network Interface

Front 71

Application Layer

Back 71

Allows applications to use the network. Handles network
access, flow control, and error recovery.

Front 72

Presentation Layer

Back 72

Translates data into a form that’s usable by the Application
layer. Responsible for protocol conversion, data translation
and encryption, and data compression management.

Front 73

Session Layer

Back 73

Establishes, maintains, and manages communication sessions
between computers.

Front 74

Transport Layer

Back 74

Provides reliable transmission of data segments.

Front 75

Network Layer

Back 75

Ensures that information arrives at its intended destination.
Responsible for addressing, transport routes, routing,
packet switching, message handling, and network traffic
management.

Front 76

Data Link Layer

Back 76

Deals with the links and mechanisms to move data. Topology (Ethernet or Token Ring) is defined here. Contains two sublayers: MAC and LLC.

Front 77

Physical Layer

Back 77

Transmits data over a physical medium. Specifies cabling, cards, and other aspects of establishing a physical link between computers.

Front 78

IPV4

Back 78

These 32-bit addresses are written as four octets or bytes, separated by periods as follows: 208.206.88.56.

Front 79

Class A

Back 79

1.0.0.0 - 126.0.0.0 Default subnet mask = 255.0.0.0, Opening Bits = 0

Front 80

Class B

Back 80

128.0.0.0 - 191.255.0.0 Default subnet mask = 255.255.0.0, Opening Bits = 10

Front 81

Class C

Back 81

192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.0 Default subnet mask = 255.255.255.0, Opening Bits = 110

Front 82

Class D

Back 82

224.0.0.0 - 239.0.0.0 Opening Bits = 1110

Front 83

Class E

Back 83

240.0.0.0 - 255.0.0.0 Opening Bits = 1111

Front 84

IPV6

Back 84

These 128-bit address are written as eight bytes, separated by colons as follows: "0:0:0:0:128:34:52:7"

Front 85

Link-local

Back 85

Similar to IPv4’s APIPA. Link-local addresses are self
assigned, using the Neighbor Discovery process. Link-local addresses start with fe80::.

Front 86

Site-Local

Back 86

Similar to an IPv4 private address. Site-local addresses begin with FE and use C to F for the third hexadecimal digit.

Front 87

Global unicast

Back 87

Similar to an IPv4 public address. A global unicast
address is identified for a single interface. Global unicast addresses are routable and reachable on the IPv6 Internet. All IPv6 addresses that
start with the binary values 001 (2000::/3) through 111 (E000::/3) are global addresses, except for FF00::/8, which are reserved for multicasts.

Front 88

Multicast

Back 88

An address that identifies a multicast group. As with IPv4,
an IPv6 multicast sends information or services to all members of a multicast group. If the first 16 bits of an IPv6 address are ff00n, it’s a
multicast address.

Front 89

Anycast

Back 89

A new type of address in IPv6. Anycast addresses identify
a group of interfaces, typically on separate nodes. Packets sent to an anycast address are delivered to the nearest interface as identified by the
routing protocol’s distance measurement.

Front 90

Application Layer (TCP/IP model)

Back 90

Combines (Session, Presentation, and Application) from OSI model
Protocols= SMTP, FTP, Telnet, SNMP, DNS, and NFS

Front 91

Transport Layer (TCP/IP model)

Back 91

Transport layer from OSI Model, Protocols =TCP and UDP

Front 92

Internet Layer (TCP/IP model)

Back 92

Network layer from OSI Model, Protocols = IP and ICMP

Front 93

Network Interface (TCP/IP model)

Back 93

Physical and Data layers from OSI Model, Protocols = Link 802.3, 802.5, 802.11, 802.15, coaxial, and fiber optic

Front 94

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) TCP provides guaranteed delivery,
proper sequencing, and data integrity checks.

Back 94

Runs at the Transport layer and
provides connection-oriented services.

Front 95

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

Back 95

Runs at the Transport layer and provides connectionless, unacknowledged communications.

Front 96

IP (Internet Protocol)

Back 96

Runs at the OSI Network or TCP/IP Internet layer and provides connectionless services. IP provides packet routing and delivery between computer systems, without guaranteeing proper sequencing or even arrival at the destination.

Front 97

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) A computer configured to obtain its IP configuration through DHCP or DHCPv6 will contact a DHCP or DHCPv6 server on the local network and get the needed information from it.

Back 97

An automated mechanism
for assigning IP addresses to clients.

Front 98

Wireless LAN (WLAN)

Back 98

Technology that uses radio waves or infrared light instead
of cables to connect network nodes. Connections are made with a wireless
NIC, which includes an antenna to send and receive signals. Wireless
devices can communicate directly (for example, via an infrared connection),
or they can connect to a LAN by way of a wireless access point (WAP).

Front 99

802.11a

Back 99

Up to 54 Mbps at 5 GHz Up to 35 meters

Front 100

802.11b

Back 100

Up to 11 Mbps at 2.4 GHz Up to 35 meters

Front 101

802.11g

Back 101

20+ Mbps at 2.4 GHz Up to 35 meters

Front 102

802.11n

Back 102

Up to 300 Mbps at either 5 GHz or
2.4 GHz Up to 70 meters

Front 103

Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)

Back 103

The most widely used wireless technology at present. IEEE wireless standards 802.11b and 802.11g

Front 104

802.11a

Back 104

An improved version of the original Wi-Fi technology, based
on the same IEEE 802 standard.

Front 105

Bluetooth

Back 105

A short-range wireless technology. Its limited transmission distance (10 meters) generally confines it to connecting nodes in a single
room or adjacent rooms. Newer devices have a higher transmitting power that increases the range to 100 meters.

Front 106

WiMAX (IEEE 802.16 Air Interface Standard)

Back 106

A point-to-multipoint broadband wireless access standard. It’s an emerging wireless connection standard for long distances.

Front 107

WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)

Back 107

A security protocol for wireless LANs specified by 802.11. WEP uses encryption to protect the vulnerable link between clients and access points.

Front 108

WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) WPA also adds a strong message-integrity check and allows for authentication using 802.1X.

Back 108

A specification that replaces WEP’s keying mechanism with a more robust system called Temporal Key Integrity Protocol.

Front 109

WPA2, WPA2 uses the Advanced Encryption System (AES) cipher for stronger encryption.

Back 109

A specification that builds on WPA by adding more features from the 802.11i standard. Notably,

Front 110

802.11i

Back 110

An authentication standard for wired and wireless LANs, used
to identify users before allowing their traffic onto the network. It can be used in wireless environments to authenticate users for more secure
WEP, Wi-Fi Protected Access, or 802.11i deployments.

Front 111

A firewall

Back 111

hardware or software that controls traffic between networks,
typically between a public network and a private internal network. They examine the contents of network traffic and permit or block transmission
based on rules

Front 112

Packet filter

Back 112

A mechanism for filtering out datagrams that don’t meet
specified security criteria as the datagrams pass through a router.

Front 113

Bastion host

Back 113

A heavily fortified network server through which all external traffic must pass.

Front 114

Proxy server

Back 114

A server that protects the IP addresses of internal hosts
by presenting its own IP address to external sites instead.

Front 115

Extranet, Internet, or public network

Back 115

A network area that sits
unprotected in front of a firewall.

Front 116

Intranet or private network

Back 116

A network area behind a firewall.

Front 117

DMZ

Back 117

A network area between the private network (intranet) and a public network (extranet).

Front 118

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs)

Back 118

monitoring devices that help you
identify attacks in progress and conduct forensic analysis after an attack.

Front 119

Network intrusion detection system (NIDS)

Back 119

Uses dedicated network
devices or servers (sensors) to monitor traffic volumes on one or more network segments or a network entry point, such as a firewall.

Front 120

Host intrusion detection system (HIDS)

Back 120

Uses software agents to detect
and track computer-related activity. A HIDS monitors operating system files for unauthorized changes and watches for unusual usage patterns or failed logon requests. Host-based IDS solutions don’t scale well across
enterprises with a large number of computers.

Front 121

Intrusion prevention system (IPS)

Back 121

takes the IDS functions one step
further. It can actually shut down suspicious traffic by terminating the network connection or user session or by blocking access to the targeted host, service, or application.

Front 122

VPN, VPNs typically use Internet
Protocol Security (IPsec) for encrypting data traveling across a public network.

Back 122

Uses a public infrastructure to provide remote offices or users
with secure access to the company’s network.

Front 123

Transport encryption

Back 123

The underlying data in a packet is encrypted and placed within a new packet on the public network.

Front 124

Tunnel encryption

Back 124

The entire packet, including its header, is encrypted and then placed in the public network’s packet.

Front 125

Repeater

Back 125

Device that Boosts the electronic signal from one network
cable segment and passes it to another. Operates on the Physical layer.

Front 126

Hub

Back 126

Device that Takes the signal transmitted from one computer and propagates it to all other computers on the network.
Operates on the Physical Layer

Front 127

Wireless access point (WAP)

Back 127

Device that Acts as a central transmitter and receiver of
WLAN radio signals; allows WLANs to join a wired network. Operates on the Physical Layer

Front 128

Multistation access unit (MSAU)

Back 128

Device that Connects the nodes in a Token Ring network. Each node is connected to the MSAU by two wires. Communication is enabled by passing a token around the ring to each node—if a node has the token, it can transmit data. Operates on the Physical Layer

Front 129

Network interface card (NIC)

Back 129

Device that Provides a communication channel between your computer’s motherboard and the network. Operates on the Data Link

Front 130

Bridge

Back 130

Device that Connects two LANs and makes them appear to be one; or segments a larger LAN into two
smaller pieces. Operates on the
Data Link layer

Front 131

Switch

Back 131

Device that Takes an incoming packet of data, looks inside
at the destination hardware address, and then sends the packet out the port that’s connected to the destination machine. Operates on the Data Link layer

Front 132

Multilayer switch

Back 132

Device that Combines data switching with routing by
using an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Some switches can implement data
switching up to the Application layer.Operates on the Data Link layer up to Application

Front 133

Brouter

Back 133

Device that acts as a router for routable protocols, and as a bridge for non-routable protocols Operates on the. Data Link and Network

Front 134

Router

Back 134

Device that connects two networks and determines the
best path for forwarding data packets from one network to the next.Operates on the Network Interface

Front 135

Gateway

Back 135

Device that provides links between mixed environments
(such as PC-based LANs) and host
environments (such as SNAs). Operates on any layer

Front 136

Dial-up networking (DUN)

Back 136

Up to 53 Kbps Uses a modem to make connections through regular, analog phone lines

Front 137

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

Back 137

Up to 1.5 Mbps Uses a digital modem to make highspeed
connections through regular,
analog phone lines.

Front 138

Cable

Back 138

512 Kbps to 5 Mbps Uses a cable modem to make connections, using the same lines that carry cable television signals.

Front 139

Satellite

Back 139

Up to 1.5 Mbps Uses a dish to make connections by sending and receiving signals from satellites in orbit around the earth.

Front 140

Wireless

Back 140

Up to 10 Mbps Uses signals sent over radio waves to transmit data between devices.

Front 141

Cellular

Back 141

Faster than dial-up, but
slower than DSL or cable
Uses an Internet-capable device with a cellular network PC card to connect to the Internet by using one of the following connection technologies: EDGE, EVDO, or HSDPA.

Front 142

T1

Back 142

1.544 Mbps Provides digital communications through a dedicated leased line provided through a common carrier.

Front 143

Network access point (NAP)

Back 143

A major Internet connection point that’s used to connect and route
traffic between smaller commercial backbones.

Front 144

Internet service provider (ISP)

Back 144

a business that provides connectivity to the Internet.

Front 145

Demarcation point (demarc)

Back 145

The point at which the communications network
owned by one company connects to the communications network owned by another company. For most companies, the _____ is the point at which their network connects to the cabling owned by the ISP.

Front 146

Demarc terminating device

Back 146

The device, located at the demarc, that handles code and protocol conversions. It also handles the buffering
required for communications between an ISP and your internal network

Front 147

Demarc extension

Back 147

Cabling and a port; needed if the demarc isn’t in the same location as the main cross-connect. The extension is typically installed by the ISP.

Front 148

Main cross-connect

Back 148

The location where signals are distributed from the internal network to the demarc.

Front 149

Main distribution frame (MDF

Back 149

A network rack that holds the devices used to manage the connections between external communication cables and the cables of your internal network.

Front 150

Intermediate cross-connects

Back 150

Cross-connects on each floor that are connected to the main cross-connect through network backbone cabling. They are sometimes called vertical cabling.

Front 151

Intermediate distribution frames (IDFs)

Back 151

Network racks that hold the
devices connecting each floor’s internal wiring to the MDF.

Front 152

Workstation drops

Back 152

Horizontal cables that are run—without splice
points, cable junctures, or taps—from the telecommunications room on
each floor to each individual workstation.

Front 153

Horizontal cross-connect

Back 153

The junction point for the workstation cables on each floor.

Front 154

Direct patch panel termination

Back 154

Terminates wiring directly into a patch panel. Most often found in Cat 5e or Cat 6 installations.

Front 155

Punchdown termination with cross-connect wiring

Back 155

Uses a punchdown block to terminate station cables and cross-connect the cables to other punchdown locations.

Front 156

110 block

Back 156

Has two components. A 110 wiring block holds wires in place, and a 110C connecting block electronically terminates cables.

Front 157

66M block

Back 157

Terminates a 25-pair phone trunk cable in a wiring closet; then individual 4-pair wires go from there to the user’s desk.

Front 158

Tracert

Back 158

Determine the route that a packet took to reach its destination.

Front 159

Ping

Back 159

Verify connections to a remote host, or test the local TCP/IP
installation if the loopback address is used. Works by sending ICMP echo packets

Front 160

Arp

Back 160

Gather hardware addresses of local hosts and the default
gateway.

Front 161

Netstat

Back 161

Display protocol statistics and get information about TCP/IP
connections.

Front 162

Nbstat

Back 162

Display statistics and connections for NetBIOS over TCP/IP, including DNS and WINS name resolution, local cache lookup, and LMHOSTS and HOSTS file information.

Front 163

Ipconfig

Back 163

Display IP addressing information for the local network
adapter(s) or a specified NIC.

Front 164

Nslookup

Back 164

Query a name server and find out which name resolves to
which IP address.

Front 165

Getmac

Back 165

Display the NIC’s MAC address (new in Windows XP).

Front 166

Cable stripper

Back 166

Remove the outer insulation from network cables and
expose the wires inside them.

Front 167

Snips

Back 167

Cut or trim cables.

Front 168

Punchdown tool

Back 168

Connect wires to a punchdown block.

Front 169

Crimper

Back 169

Attach a connector to a network cable. It comes in varieties for RJ-11, RJ-45, and coaxial cable.

Front 170

Butt set

Back 170

Test and verify telephone lines.

Front 171

Time-domain
reflectometer (TDR)

Back 171

Locate problems or breaks in metallic wires, such as
coaxial cable and twisted-pair network cables.

Front 172

Optical time-domain
reflectometer (OTDR)

Back 172

Locate faults in optical fiber.

Front 173

Certifier

Back 173

Test and verify network cable speeds by sending data
packets across the network.

Front 174

Temperature monitor

Back 174

Monitor temperature in various environments,
especially in rooms that contain networking devices.

Front 175

Voltage event recorder

Back 175

Measure electrical properties to determine the level
and quality of the power supply.

Front 176

Network analyzer

Back 176

Identify problems with cabling, jacks, network cards,
hubs, and TCP/IP. Network analyzers are portable
devices.

Front 177

Denial of Service (DoS) attack

Back 177

An attack that consumes or disables resources in order to interrupt services to legitimate users.

Front 178

Viruses

Back 178

Malicious software that spreads from system to system by
attaching itself to data or other files.

Front 179

Worms

Back 179

Malicious software that exploits networking vulnerabilities with
the intent of propagating itself.

Front 180

Man-in-the-middle attack

Back 180

An attack in which the attacker listens in on a session between two communicating hosts. Wireless systems are very vulnerable to this type of attack.

Front 181

Smurf attack

Back 181

A non-OS-specific attack that uses a third party’s network segment to overwhelm a host with a flood of Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) packets.

Front 182

Phishing

Back 182

The act of impersonating a trusted sender in an attempt to
obtain the recipient’s logon information and other confidential data.

Front 183

Social engineering

Back 183

The act of exploiting someone’s trust in order to get information that the attacker can then use to gain access to a computer system.

Front 184

Authentication

Back 184

The positive identification of a person or system seeking
access to secured information or services.

Front 185

User name

Back 185

A unique identifier used to identify someone to a computer or network system during login

Front 186

Password

Back 186

A secret combination of keystrokes that authenticates a user
to the computer or network.

Front 187

Biometric identification

Back 187

Authentication based on an individual’s physical characteristics, such as fingerprints or retinal patterns

Front 188

Security token

Back 188

An authentication device assigned to a specific user.

Front 189

CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol)

Back 189

Used by PPP servers to validate the identity of the remote client at the beginning of or during a communication session

Front 190

RADIUS (Remote Dial-In User Services)

Back 190

Authenticates dial-in users,
authorizes their access, and enables remote servers to communicate with a central server.

Front 191

Kerberos

Back 191

Provides strong authentication for client/server applications
by using secret-key ryptography. Uses Symmetric-key encryption to pass a user’s credentials over unsecured channels and validate the user for network resources.