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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the purpose of the Application layer and what protocols does it use?
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Facilitates communication between software applications and lower-layer network services. Protocols: HTTP, FTP, SMTP
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What is the purpose of the Presentation Layer and what are its protocols?
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Accepts Application layer data & formats it so taht one type of application & host can understand data from another type of application & host. Encoding: ASCII & EBCDIC. Manages encryption/decryption.
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Which layer coordinates & maintains communications between two nodes.
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session layer
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What layer has the functions of establishing & keeping alive the comm. link for duration of the session, keeping communication secure, synchronizing dialog.
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session layer
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What layer manages end-to-end delivery, correct sequence and without error of data?
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transport layer
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What layer handles flow control
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transport layer
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What is a checksum
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a unique character string that allows the receiving node to determine if an arriving data unit matches exactly the dta unit sent by the source.
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Which layer breaks large data units into smaller unites called segments and handles segmentation?
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transport layer
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Define MTU
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Maximum transmission unit. Largest data unit carried on a network.
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What term is associated with the method of identifying segments that belong to the same group of subdivided data.
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sequencing
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Translates network addresses into physical & decides how to route data from sender to receiver.
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network layer
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IP is a member of which layer in the OSI model?
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network layer
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Subdivides the segments it receives from the Transport layer into smaller packets.
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Fragmentation, part of the Network layer.
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The function of the _____ divides data it receives into distinct frames that can be transmitted by the next layer.
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Data link layer
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Error checking accomplished by a 4-byte field, purpose to ensure data at destination exactly matches data issued from source.
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FCS. Frame Check Sequence.
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Takes values of all of preceding fields in frame and generates a unique 4-byte number.
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CRC. Cyclic Redundancy Check
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Provides an interface to the Network layer protocols, manages flow control, issues requests to lower sublayer of Data link layer.
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Logical Link Control
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Manages access to the physical medium
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MAC. Media Access Control.
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Provides interface between applications & network for interpreting application requests and requirements
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Application (layer 7)
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Allows hosts & applications to use a common language; performs data formatting, encryption and compression
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Presentation (layer 6)
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Establishes, maintains, and terminates user connections
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Session (layer 5)
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Ensures accurate delivery of data through flow control, segmentation and reassembly, error correction and acknowledgement.
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Transport (layer 4)
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Establishes network connections; translates network addresses into their physical counterparts and determines routing
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Network (layer 3)
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Packages data in frames appropriate to network transmission method
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Data Link (layer 2)
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Manages signaling to and from phsical network connections
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Physical (layer 1)
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Process of wrapping one layer's PDU with protocol information so that it can be interpreted by a lower layer.
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Encapsulation
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Internetworking. Routing, bridging, and network-to-network communications
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802.1
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Logical Link Control. Error and flow control over data frames.
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802.2
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Ethernet LAN. All forms of Ethernet media and interfaces
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802.3
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Token Bus LAN. All forms of Token Bus media and interfaces.
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802.4
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Token Ring LAN. All forms of Token Ring media and interfaces
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802.5
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Class A range
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1-126
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Class B range
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128-191
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Class C range
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192-223
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Class D range
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224-239
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Class E range
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240-254
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Class A private addressing
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10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255
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Class B private addressing
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172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255
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Class C private addressing
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192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255
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Automatic Private IP Addressing
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169.254.0.1 through 169.254.255.254
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means ‘stealing’ bits from the host portion, which in turn means more bits to create different sub-networks, but each with less available host addresses
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subnetting
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Classless
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mask is not Class A, B, or C
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Network layer protocol used for exchanging control information and messages.
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ICMP. Internet Control Message Protocol
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Network layer protocol that is used for registering and sharing multicast group membership information.
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IGMP. Internet Group Management Protocol
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Authentication protocol primarily used for remote access PPP connections. Server sends challenge request to client, client replies w/ challenge response that is hased.
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CHAP. Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
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MS-CHAP
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Microsofts version of CHAP. Technology from CHAP combined w/ microsoft authentication & encryption
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an extension of PPP to provide an interface for different authentication methods.
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EAP. Extensible Authentication Protocol.
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Provides authentication to clients that connect to a remote access server by using SLIP or PPP dialup connection & an authentication protocol such as PAP, CHAP, or EAP.
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RADIUS. Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service.
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Kerberos
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Advanced authentication protocol. Default in W2k and 2k3 environments. Centralized authorization server called Key Distribution Center (KDC) issues ticket to client when it successfully logs on network.
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RAS
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Remote Access Services. Allows remote clients to dial-in & connect and logon to network.
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PPP
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Point-to-point protocol. Used by RAS. Used for router-to-router connections in WANs. Operates @ network layer. Supports MS-CHAP, EAP, PAP, CHAP.
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Link Control Protocol
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protocol under PPP. establishes, configures, maintains, and terminates the point-to-point connection.
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Network Control Protocol
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provides and interface for various upper-layer Network protocols such as IP, IPX, AppleTalk, and NetBEUI, and is used to encapsulate the upper-layer protocols' data and transfers it over the link created by the LCP
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PPTP
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Point to Point Tunneling Protocol. encapsulates PPP packets to transfer through tunnel over internet. MPPE to provide encryption. Port 1723
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L2TP
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Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol. combining PPTP w/ Cisco L2F. supports tunneling through Frame Relay, X.25 and ATM. Operates @ Data Link layer. Port 1701
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IPSec
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Internet Protocol Security. Encryption framework for IP networks. End-to-End security @ Network layer.
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DHCP
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Used in TCP/IP networks to provide automatic IP address configuration for network hosts.
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DNS
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Domain Name System. Resolves host names to IP addresses and vice versa. Maintains hierarchical database/directory, which contains a zone for each domain.
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NAS
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Network Attached Storage. File server runs on specialized device directly connected to network.
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SNMP
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Simple Network Management Protocol. used to monitor and gather information about network systems and devices.
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ISDN
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Integrated Services Digital Network. Circuit-switching network.
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ATM
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Asynchronous Transfer Mode. Packet-switching network. Data transmitted in small 53-byte fixed length cells. ATM supports Sonet OC-3, OC-12. T3/E3, 155 Mbps UTP, 100 Mbps FDDI
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Frame Relay
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Packet-switching. Physical network medium and the available badwidth is dynamically shared between end nodes.
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SONET/OCx
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Synchronous Optical NETwork.
OC-1 = 51.85 Mbps. Only need to remember OC-1, OC-18 is 18 times the speed of OC-1. |
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T1/E1 & T3/E3
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T1 is a digital leased line made up of 24 channels (DS0, 1 DS0 is 64K.
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